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Background: Segmental bone defects of the mandible result in the complete loss of the affected region. We had incorporated the pressure‐reducing device (PRD) designs into the customized mandible prostheses (CMP) and conducted a clinical trial to evaluate this approach. Methods: Seven patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the association among the history of radiotherapy, the number of CMP regions, the number of chin regions involved, and CMP exposure. Results: We included five men and two women with an average age of 55 years. We excised tumors with an average weight of 147.8 g and the average weight of the CMP was 68.5 g. No significant difference between the two weights was noted (p = 0.3882). Three patients received temporary dentures and the CMP remained stable in all patients. Conclusion: The use of PRD in CMP may address the previous challenges associated with CMP, but further research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherent ambiguity in reconstructed images from coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) poses an intrinsic challenge, as images derived from the same dataset under varying initial conditions often display inconsistencies. This study introduces a method that employs the Noise2Noise approach combined with neural networks to effectively mitigate these ambiguities. We applied this methodology to hundreds of ambiguous reconstructed images retrieved from a single diffraction pattern using a conventional retrieval algorithm. Our results demonstrate that ambiguous features in these reconstructions are effectively treated as inter‐reconstruction noise and are significantly reduced. The post‐Noise2Noise treated images closely approximate the average and singular value decomposition analysis of various reconstructions, providing consistent and reliable reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) fluid, characterized by gas‐like diffusivity, near‐zero surface tension, and excellent mass transfer properties, is used as a precursor to produce silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) coating. SCCO2 disperses and reacts with Si particles to form an interfacial layer consisting of Si, O, and C. After an 850 °C annealing process, a conformal SiOC coating layer forms, resulting in core‐shell Si@SiOC particles. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and its X‐ray line‐scan spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, are used to examine the SiOC formation mechanism. Effects of SCCO2 interaction time on the SiOC properties are investigated. The SiOC layer connects the Si@SiOC particles, improving electron and Li+ transport. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are employed to examine the role of SiOC during charging/discharging. Operando X‐ray diffraction data reveal that the SiOC coating reduces crystal size of the formed Li15Si4 and increases its formation/elimination reversibility during cycling. The Si@SiOC electrode shows a capacitiy of 2250 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. After 500 cycles, the capacity retention is 72% with Coulombic efficiency above 99.8%. A full cell consisting of Si@SiOC anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode is constructed, and its performance is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Methods Results Conclusion Correlations between the image analysis of CT scan, lung function and quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of pulmonary blood‐vessel distribution and the extent of fibrosis on the lung function and quality of life of patients with IPF.Patients were enrolled in an IPF registry and had completed pulmonary function tests, chest HRCT, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and echocardiography. Pulmonary blood‐vessel distribution, specific image‐derived airway volume (siVaw) and fibrosis extent (siVfib) were quantitatively calculated by functional respiratory imaging on HRCT.The study subjects were categorized into DLco <40% pred. (n = 40) and DLco ≥40% pred. (n = 19) groups. Patients with DLco <40% pred. had significantly higher scores of SGRQ, composite physiologic index (CPI), exercise oxygen desaturation (∆SpO2), siVaw, lower FVC% pred. and 6‐minute walking distance% pred. The proportion of small blood vessels in the upper lobes (BV5PR‐UL) was significantly correlated with CPI, DLco % Pred., FVC% pred., SGRQ and ∆SpO2. Only BV5PR‐UL had a significant impact on all indices but not BV5PR in the lower lobes (BV5PR‐LL). siVfib was significantly negatively correlated with BV5PR‐UL, DLco% pred. and FVC% pred., as well as positively correlated with CPI, ∆SpO2 and siVaw.BV5PR‐UL and siVfib had significant correlations with lung function and may become important indicators to assess the severity of IPF and the impact on quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and eating disorder psychopathology in a large sample of rural Chinese adolescents. Methods: Analyses included 1654 adolescents (55.4% girls; Mage = 16.54 years, SD = 1.45) from a rural high school in southwestern China. FI, eating disorder psychopathology, and psychological distress (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed. Data were analyzed by sex. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the zero‐order association between FI and eating disorder psychopathology. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to explore whether FI could explain meaningful variance in eating disorder psychopathology beyond psychological distress and demographic covariates (e.g., socioeconomic status). Results: FI was significantly associated with higher eating disorder psychopathology for boys (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and girls (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), with medium‐to‐large effect sizes. FI accounted for significant unique variance in eating disorder psychopathology beyond psychological distress and demographic covariates for boys (ΔR2 = 0.14, p < 0.001) and girls (ΔR2 = 0.10, p < 0.001). Discussion: Using a large sample of rural Chinese adolescents, this study extends the connection between FI and eating disorder pathology in adolescents beyond the Western context. Future investigations on the mechanisms underlying FI and eating disorder psychopathology are warranted for developing prevention strategies for eating disorders among rural Chinese adolescents. Public Significance: This is the first investigation that examined the link between FI and eating disorder psychopathology among rural Chinese adolescents. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating FI as a potential risk factor to screen for the prevention and intervention of eating disorders among rural Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The PIONEER‐HF and PARAGLIDE‐HF trials aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the in‐hospital initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients hospitalized for AHF. However, whether the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the trials apply to patients encountered in real‐world routine care is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of the PIONEER‐HF and PARAGLIDE‐HF trials to real‐world AHF patients. Methods and results: We identified 28 293 AHF hospitalized patients between August 2008 to August 2017 from the Chang Gung Research Database and classified them into four groups based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and trial criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) death. We defined PIONEER‐HF eligible (n = 3683) and non‐eligible (n = 3502) patients with an LVEF ≤40%, and PARAGLIDE‐HF eligible (n = 5191) and non‐eligible (n = 5832) patients with an LVEF >40%. Over a mean follow‐up of 3.5 years, the PIONEER‐HF non‐eligible and eligible groups exhibited similar rates of HF hospitalization and CV death (41.1% vs. 41.8%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.88–1.04). No significant difference was found in the composite outcome between PARAGLIDE‐HF non‐eligible and eligible groups (36.7% vs. 38.6%; aHR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.90–1.04). Conclusions: Using trial criteria, only 31.3% of AHF patients were eligible for sacubitril–valsartan. Yet, non‐eligible patients demonstrated similar outcomes to eligible patients, indicating a need for further evaluation of sacubitril–valsartan benefits in non‐eligible AHF patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation proctopathy (RP) is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence. RP accompanies by microbial dysbiosis. However, how the gut microbiota affects the disease remains unclear. Here, metabolomics reveals that the fecal and serous concentrations of microbiota‐derived 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB) are significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients. Moreover, the concentration of 3HB is negatively associated with the expression of proinflammatory IL6 that is increased along with the severity of radiation damage. 3HB treatment significantly downregulates IL6 expression and alleviates IL6‐mediated radiation damage. Irradiated cell‐fecal microbiota co‐culture experiments and in vivo assays show that such a radioprotection of 3HB is mediated by GPR43. Microbiome analysis reveals that radiation leads to a distinct bacterial community compared to untreated controls, in which Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients and is associated with lower 3HB concentration. Gavage of A. muciniphila significantly increases 3HB concentration, downregulates GPR43 and IL6 expression, and ameliorates radiation damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiota, including A. muciniphila, induce higher concentrations of 3HB to block GPR43‐mediated IL6 signaling, thereby conferring radioprotection. The findings reveal a novel implication of the gut‐immune axis in radiation pathophysiology, with potential therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the multidisciplinary team of the Taiwan Academy of Tumor Ablation, who have expertise in treating lung cancer, present their perspectives on percutaneous image‐guided thermal ablation (IGTA) of lung tumors. The modified Delphi technique was applied to reach a consensus on clinical practice guidelines concerning ablation procedures, including a comprehensive literature review, selection of panelists, creation of a rating form and survey, and arrangement of an in‐person meeting where panelists agreed or disagreed on various points. The conclusion was a final rating and written summary of the agreement. The multidisciplinary expert team agreed on 10 recommendations for the use of IGTA in the lungs. These recommendations include terms and definitions, line of treatment planning, modality, facility rooms, patient anesthesia settings, indications, margin determination, post‐ablation image surveillance, qualified centers, and complication ranges. In summary, IGTA is a safe and feasible approach for treating primary and metastatic lung tumors, with a relatively low complication rate. However, decisions regarding the ablation technique should consider each patient's specific tumor characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene therapy based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a promising strategy for treating the monogenic fragile skin disorder recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). With this approach problematic wounds could be grafted with gene edited, patient‐specific skin equivalents. Precise gene editing using homology‐directed repair (HDR) is the ultimate goal, however low efficiencies have hindered progress. Reframing strategies based on highly efficient non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair aimed at excising dispensable, mutation‐harboring exons offer a promising alternative approach for restoring the COL7A1 open reading frame. To this end, we employed an exon skipping strategy using dual single guide RNA (sgRNA)/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) targeted at three novel COL7A1 exons (31, 68, and 109) containing pathogenic heterozygous mutations, and achieved exon deletion rates of up to 95%. Deletion of exon 31 in both primary human RDEB keratinocytes and fibroblasts resulted in the restoration of type VII collagen (C7), leading to increased cellular adhesion in vitro and accurate C7 deposition at the dermal‐epidermal junction in a 3D skin model. Taken together, we extend the list of COL7A1 exons amenable to therapeutic deletion. As an incidental finding, we find that long‐read Nanopore sequencing detected large on‐target structural variants comprised of deletions up to >5 kb at a frequency of ~10%. Although this frequency may be acceptable given the high rates of intended editing outcomes, our data demonstrate that standard short‐read sequencing may underestimate the full range of unexpected Cas9‐mediated editing events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redox mediated photoelectrochemical (PEC) or electrochemical (EC) alkene oxidation process is a promising method to produce high value‐added epoxides. However, due to the competitive reaction of water oxidation and overoxidation of the mediator, the utilization of the electricity is far below the ideal value, where the loss of epoxidation's faradaic efficiency (FE) is ≈50%. In this study, a Br−/HOBr‐mediated method is developed to achieve a near‐quantitative selectivity and ≈100% FE of styrene oxide on α‐Fe2O3, in which low concentration of Br− as mediator and locally generated acidic micro‐environment work together to produce the higher active HOBr species. A variety of styrene derivatives are investigated with satisfied epoxidation performance. Based on the analysis of local pH‐dependent epoxidation FE and products distribution, the study further verified that HOBr serves as the true active mediator to generate the bromohydrin intermediate. It is believed that this strategy can greatly overcome the limitation of epoxidation FE to enable future industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The previous studies on brand attachment (BA) are relatively limited to exploring the relation between the customer's BA and loyalty from the enterprise's perspective. This study employs a hybrid fuzzy multicriteria decision‐making model with a quality function deployment (QFD) and a fuzzy association matrix is used to explore customer BA and the corresponding BA management strategies for enhancing brand loyalty. Results indicate the integration strategy, which comprises the personality, expertise, and kindness of the brand's salespersons and the development of intelligent automobile technology, is used to signal brand value and thereby stimulate customer resonance with the brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common cellular hallmark in both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), is assumed to play a significant role in pathologic development and progression of the disease. Teaghrelin, a unique bioactive compound in some oolong tea varieties, has been demonstrated to protect SH‐SY5Y cells against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium induced neurotoxicity by binding to the ghrelin receptor to activate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α pathway. In this study, an animal model was established using a neurotoxin, 1‐methyl‐4phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a byproduct of a prohibited drug, to evaluate the oral efficacy of teaghrelin on PD by monitoring motor dysfunction of mice in open field, pole, and bean walking tests. The results showed that MPTP‐induced motor dysfunction of mice was significantly attenuated by teaghrelin supplementation. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein were found reduced in the striatum and midbrain of MPTP‐treated mice, and significantly mitigated by teaghrelin supplementation. Furthermore, teaghrelin administration enhanced mitophagy and mitochondria biogenesis, which maintained cell homeostasis and prevented the accumulation of αSyn and apoptosis‐related proteins. It seemed that teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP‐treated mice by increasing PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α‐mediated mitochondria biogenesis, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in maintaining dopaminergic neurons function in PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common cellular hallmark in both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), is assumed to play a significant role in pathologic development and progression of the disease. Teaghrelin, a unique bioactive compound in some oolong tea varieties, has been demonstrated to protect SH‐SY5Y cells against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium induced neurotoxicity by binding to the ghrelin receptor to activate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α pathway. In this study, an animal model was established using a neurotoxin, 1‐methyl‐4phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a byproduct of a prohibited drug, to evaluate the oral efficacy of teaghrelin on PD by monitoring motor dysfunction of mice in open field, pole, and bean walking tests. The results showed that MPTP‐induced motor dysfunction of mice was significantly attenuated by teaghrelin supplementation. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein were found reduced in the striatum and midbrain of MPTP‐treated mice, and significantly mitigated by teaghrelin supplementation. Furthermore, teaghrelin administration enhanced mitophagy and mitochondria biogenesis, which maintained cell homeostasis and prevented the accumulation of αSyn and apoptosis‐related proteins. It seemed that teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP‐treated mice by increasing PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α‐mediated mitochondria biogenesis, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in maintaining dopaminergic neurons function in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM) is a common metric for estimating PM toxicity and linking PM exposure to adverse health effects. Organic aerosol (OA), a dominant fraction of ambient PM worldwide, may significantly contribute to PM toxicity. Here, we investigated the source‐based OA components contributing to the OP of PM in the urban (Beijing, summer and winter) and rural (Gucheng, winter) environments of the North China Plain (NCP). Various OA components as identified by the aerosol mass spectrometer/aerosol chemical speciation monitor (AMS/ACSM), transition metals, and black carbon were compared with the OP of PM measured by dithiothreitol assays. The results consistently demonstrate the importance of OA as a contributor to PM's OP in both urban and rural NCP environments. Higher intrinsic OP was observed in winter Beijing than in summer, possibly due to OA being predominantly from anthropogenic sources in winter. Furthermore, different OA components were found to drive the response of OP in the two environments. More‐oxidized oxygenated OA (MO‐OOA), cooking OA, and oxidized primary OA (during winter) are the OA contributors to OP in the urban environment, with a dominant contribution from MO‐OOA. In contrast, biomass burning OA (BBOA) and OOA play a major role in the OP in the rural environment, with BBOA making the largest contribution. Overall, this work highlights the significance of OA in determining PM's OP and calls for more work to reveal the sources and characteristics of OA components contributing to OP across different regions. Plain Language Summary: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a top risk factor for human health. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 is widely used to estimate PM2.5 toxicity and link PM2.5 exposure with its adverse health effects. Organic aerosol (OA) constitutes a major fraction of PM2.5 and can contribute substantially to the OP of PM2.5. But OA is also a complex mixture comprised of thousands of compounds each with widely different health effects. Here, we reveal the key OA components driving the OP in the urban and rural environments of the NCP. We find that more‐oxidized oxygenated OA, which is highly oxidized and can be formed from multiple atmospheric processes, is a dominant contributor to the OP in the urban environment. In contrast, biomass burning OA makes the largest contribution to the OP in the rural environment. In sum, different OA components are found to be the main drivers of the OP in the two environments. More studies are warranted to further our understanding of the causes, sources, and characteristics of the PM2.5 OP over a wide range of geographical regions. Key Points: Seasonal and spatial variations of oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter are foundOrganic aerosol (OA) is an important contributor to the oxidative potential in both urban and rural environmentsMore‐oxidized oxygenated OA and biomass burning OA have a dominant contribution to the OP in urban and rural environments, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly active, reusable catalysts for aqueous‐phase reactions is challenging. Herein, metallic nickel is encapsulated in a nitrogen‐doped carbon–silica composite (SiO2@Ni@NC) as a catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of vanillin in aqueous media. The constructed catalyst achieved 99.8% vanillin conversion and 100% 4‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐methoxyphenol selectivity at room temperature. Based on combined scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman analyses, the satisfactory catalytic performance is attributed to the composite structure consisting of an active metal, carbon, and silica. The hydrophilic silica core promoted dispersion of the catalyst in aqueous media. Moreover, the external hydrophobic NC layer has multiple functions, including preventing oxidation or leaching of the internal metal, acting as a reducing agent to reduce the internal metal, regulating the active‐site microenvironment by enriching the concentrations of H2 and organic reactants, and modifying the electronic structure of the active metal via metal–support interactions. Density functional theory calculations indicated that NC facilitates vanillin adsorption and hydrogen dissociation to promote aqueous‐phase hydrogenation. This study provides an efficient strategy for constructing encapsulated Ni‐based amphiphilic catalysts to upgrade biomass‐derived compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser devices produced via solution‐processed perovskite quantum dots (QDs) offer broad spectral tunability as well as ease of fabrication. Utilizing quasi‐bound states in the continuum (quasi‐BIC) modes, solution‐processed QD laser devices have been demonstrated with a nanostructure coated in a thin‐film gain media configuration. However, light leakage through thin‐film guiding from the cavity side edges becomes more pronounced when shrinking the cavity size, posing challenges for the miniaturization of quasi‐BIC‐based lasers. Here, the fabrication of well‐defined patterns of QDs via a solution process allows them to take advantage of the pattern edges to reduce losses through the cavity edges. A single‐mode BIC laser is reported by using CsPbBr3 QDs with a narrow linewidth of ≈0.1 nm. Importantly, a miniaturized quasi‐BIC laser is realized with a device size as small as 10 × 10 µm2, making it the smallest among existing solution‐processed BIC lasers. This work provides a strategy for developing ultra‐compact BIC lasers via solution‐processed gain media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous batteries employing Zinc metal anodes (ZMAs) are considered to be promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the severe interfacial side reactions and dendrite growth restrict the practical application of ZMAs in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a water‐insoluble dual‐ionic electrolyte additive of yttrium 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylacetate (YTFPAA) is developed to stabilize the aqueous ZMAs. Notably, the ethanol‐solvated TFPAA− can capture H+ and thus buffer the decreased electrolyte pH caused by the hydrolysis of Y3+. Furthermore, the ethanol‐solvated TFPAA−  can dynamically adsorb onto the surface of ZMAs through a reversible oxidation‐reduction reaction, effectively suppressing the interfacial side reactions by forming a water‐poor interface, and enhancing the reversibility of Zn2+ deposition/stripping by redistributing the Zn2+ flux. These favorable effects of TFPAA− combined with the dynamic electrostatic shielding effect of Y3+ ultimately enable uniform and dense Zn2+ deposition. As a result, the Zn/Zn cells assembled with 0.25YTFPAA electrolyte exhibit an impressive cycle life of 2100 h at 0.5 mA cm−2–0.25 mAh cm−2. More importantly, the assembled V2O5/Zn full cell shows an ultra‐long cycle life of up to 18000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1.  This work highlights the rational design of multifunctional ionic additives for stabilizing aqueous ZMAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical self‐assembly represents a powerful strategy for the fabrication of functional materials across various length scales. However, achieving precise formation of functional hierarchical assemblies remains a significant challenge and requires a profound understanding of molecular assembly interactions. In this study, we present a molecular‐level understanding of the hierarchical assembly of sequence‐defined peptoids into multidimensional functional materials, including twisted nanotube bundles serving as a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. By employing synchrotron‐based powder X‐ray diffraction and analyzing single crystal structures of model compounds, we elucidated the molecular packing and mechanisms underlying the assembly of peptoids into multidimensional nanostructures. Our findings demonstrate that incorporating aromatic functional groups, such as tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE), at the termini of assembling peptoid sequences promotes the formation of twisted bundles of nanotubes and nanosheets, thus enabling the creation of a highly efficient artificial light harvesting system. This research exemplifies the potential of leveraging sequence‐defined synthetic polymers to translate microscopic molecular structures into macroscopic assemblies. It holds promise for the development of functional materials with precisely controlled hierarchical structures and designed functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kikuchi‐Fujimoto Disease (KFD), also known as Kikuchi disease or Kikuchi histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare and self‐limiting condition characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, primarily affecting young Asian adults. The aetiology of KFD remains unknown, although various infectious agents have been suggested as potential triggers. With the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, cases of post‐COVID‐19 KFD and post‐COVID‐19 vaccine KFD have been reported. In this article, we present the first case of post‐COVID‐19 KFD in Hong Kong. A 24‐year‐old man developed fever and painful neck swelling 1 month after recovering from COVID‐19. Diagnostic evaluation, including ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), confirmed the diagnosis of KFD. The patient's symptoms resolved spontaneously with supportive care. This case underscores the importance of considering KFD as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever following COVID‐19 recovery or vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Impaired lung function has been observed in patients following COVID‐19 infection, with studies reporting persistent lung volume and diffusing capacity impairments. Some studies have demonstrated significantly higher small airway resistance in COVID‐19 positive cases. This retrospective study aims to examine impulse oscillometry (IOS) data of patients with persistent symptoms after COVID‐19 infection, focusing on the relationship between time and symptoms. Material and Method: The study analyzed data from adult patients with persistent symptoms who underwent IOS testing within and after 84 days from the diagnosis date. Result: The results showed that patients within 84 days and those between 31 and 84 days had higher small airway resistance values, indicating peripheral airway disease. Patients with dyspnea exhibited higher IOS values compared to those with cough symptoms, suggesting more significant impairment in the peripheral airways. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of using comprehensive diagnostic tools like IOS to assess respiratory impairments in post‐COVID‐19 patients, particularly in the small airways. Understanding the relationship between time and symptoms can provide valuable insights for the treatment of peripheral airway dysfunction in post‐COVID‐19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The count data arise in many scientific areas. Our concerns here focus on spatial count responses with an excessive number of zeros and a set of available covariates. Estimating model parameters and selecting important covariates for spatial zero‐inflated count models are both essential. Importantly, to alleviate deviations from model assumptions, we propose a spatial zero‐inflated Poisson‐like methodology to model this type of data, which relies only on assumptions for the first two moments of spatial count responses. We then design an effective iterative estimation procedure between the generalized estimating equation and the weighted least squares method to respectively estimate the regression coefficients and the variogram of the data model. Moreover, the stabilization of estimators is evaluated via a block jackknife technique. Furthermore, a distribution‐free model selection criterion based on an estimate of the mean squared error of the estimated mean structure is proposed to select the best subset of covariates. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by simulation studies under various scenarios, and a real dataset regarding the number of maternal deaths in Mozambique is analyzed for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the latest advancements in Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (3D ED/MicroED), as discussed during a symposium at the National Center for CryoEM Access and Training housed at the New York Structural Biology Center. This snapshot describes cutting‐edge developments in various facets of the field and identifies potential avenues for continued progress. Key sections discuss instrumentation access, research applications for small molecules and biomacromolecules, data collection hardware and software, data reduction software, and finally reporting and validation. 3D ED/MicroED is still early in its wide adoption by the structural science community with ample opportunities for expansion, growth, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) systems exist heightened sensitivity to the domain distribution. The top‐down crystallization mode will lead to a vertical gradient distribution of quantum well (QW) structure, which is unfavorable for deep‐blue emission. Herein, a thermal gradient annealing treatment is proposed to address the polydispersity issue of vertical QWs in quasi‐2D perovskites. The formation of large‐n domains at the upper interface of the perovskite film can be effectively inhibited by introducing a low‐temperature source in the annealing process. Combined with the utilization of NaBr to inhibit the undesirable n=1 domain, a vertically concentrated QW structure is ultimately attained. As a result, the fabricated device delivers a narrow and stable deep‐blue emission at 458 nm with an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.82 %. Green and sky‐blue PeLEDs with remarkable EQE of 21.83 % and 17.51 % are also successfully achieved, respectively, by using the same strategy. The findings provide a universal strategy across the entire quasi‐2D perovskites, paving the way for future practical application of PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a methylammonium‐free (MA‐free) composition, the uncontrollable crystallization process between Cs and formamidine (FA) currently hinders its efficiency enhancement, especially in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a dual‐interface modification of perovskite films is proposed by simultaneously introducing additives and surface passivators. In particular, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMP) is introduced into the precursor solution to balance crystallization by inducing the preferential crystallization of FA through the specific formation of strong hydrogen bonds with FA. In addition, AMP spontaneously sinks and anchors to the buried interface to fill the voids of the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) via the covalent bonds formed by ─PO3H2 and FTO. Subsequently, by the sequential modification of perovskite surface with 2‐(3‐fluorophenyl)ethylamine iodide (mF‐PEAI) and piperazine diiodide (PDI), a uniform surface potential is achieved and recombination losses at the interface are minimized. Notably, the dual‐interface‐modified inverted MA‐free PSCs achieve a state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.35% (certified: 24.87%) with a satisfactory Voc of 1.17 V based on the bandgap of 1.52 eV. Importantly, the unencapsulated devices maintain 92.8% and 91.7% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power output (MPP) tracking and >800 h of heating at 85 °C, respectively, confirming excellent operational and thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of functionalized 3‐arylazoindoles were prepared in good to excellent yields through an iron(III)‐catalyzed C−H azolation of 2‐substituted indoles with arylhydrazines under mild reaction conditions. The reaction underwent an initial TBN‐mediated nitrosation, 1,5‐hydrogen migration, intramolecular condensation, and 1,5‐hydrogen migration over four steps in one pot. A paracyclophane‐derived 3‐phenylazoindole could be prepared in 25% yield over three steps and some prepared 3‐arylazoindoles showed a different fluorescence emission wavelength and existed obvious pH conditions response. The present method highlights broad substrate scope of easily available starting materials, wide range of functional group compatibility, gram scalable preparations, high atom economy, avoidance of unstable and explosive azolation reagents, and simple purification operations by extraction, washing, and recrystallization without flash column chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We described a base‐promoted O‐arylation of N3‐hydroxyl quinazolinones with diaryliodonium salts and sequential BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light‐controlled [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements of quinazolinone N−O aryl moieties to prepare a variety of 2‐(quinazolin‐4‐yloxy)phenols and atropisomeric 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)quinazolin‐4‐ones in 44%‐75% yields and 28%‐70% yields, respectively. Mechanistic studies showed that HBF4 generated in situ from BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water served as the catalyst in this process and aryloxyquinazolinium salts are vital intermediates promoting the [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements. The N−O aryl moieties of aryloxyquinazolinium salts were found to undergo solely [3,3]‐rearrangement with heating whereas [1,3]‐rearrangement occurred via a radical process under irradiation of visible light. This method highlights the formation of aryloxyquinazolinium salts based on the use of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light to prompt [1,3]‐rearrangement generating atropisomeric quinazolinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density‐functional theory (DFT) is pivotal in the advancement of photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. Its capability to explore electronic structures of materials contributes significantly to clarifying the mechanisms of photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) processes. DFT calculations enable a deeper understanding of how these processes work at a molecular level, which is essential for designing versatile photocatalysts and photoelectrodes and optimizing reaction pathways. In this perspective, key PC and PEC applications, such as H2 production, CO2 reduction, dye degradation, and N2 reduction, where DFT is instrumental in optimizing materials designs and reaction pathways, are highlighted. Exploration on the synergy between experimental research and DFT calculations is highlighted, which is crucial for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly energy solutions. The discussion further extends to challenges and future directions, emphasizing the need for incorporating factors, including discrepancy in scale, light illumination, electrolyte presence, and applied bias, into DFT calculations, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of PC and PEC systems. In this perspective, it is aimed to provide a holistic view of the current state and potential advancements in photocatalyst and photoelectrode modeling, thereby guiding future research toward more effective and sustainable energy and chemical production processes in PC and PEC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐Methoxyethanol (2ME), as a more environmentally friendly solvent with a lower boiling point compared to dimethylformamide, is ideal for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, when 2ME is used for antisolvent‐free deposition of perovskite films, an uncontrolled nucleation process and an easy phase transition to the δ‐phase often occur. Herein, an ultrafast nucleation process is developed using methylamine chloride (MACl) and n‐butylammonium chloride (BACl) as dual additives in 2ME without further solvent addition. While MACl can rapidly induce MACl‐based nuclei to initiate the nucleation process for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), the addition of BACl to the precursor with MACl can further increase the nucleation rate and density of nuclei, and bypass the transition from δ‐ to α‐phase during crystal growth to obtain a highly crystalline and pinhole‐free perovskite film. As a result, the FAPbI3 PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.6%. This work provides a new inspiration for controlling the crystal quality of perovskite thin films via nucleation rate suitable for upscaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a protocol for the hydroxyalkenylation of alkenes using an acridinium photoredox catalyst in combination with 1,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene and water. Using the protocol, alkenes could be converted into the corresponding 1‐phenylsulfonyl‐4‐hydroxyalkenes in good yields. The hydroxyalkenylation involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene‐derived radical cations to give β‐hydroxyalkyl radicals, which then undergo a radical addition/β‐elimination sequence. The catalytic cycle is likely sustained by electron transfer from the acridine radical to the benzenesulfonyl radical, which is formed via a radical addition/elimination sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood allergies of asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) involve an overactive T‐cell immune response triggered by allergens. However, the impact of T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoires on allergen sensitization and their role in mediating different phenotypes of asthma and AD in early childhood remains unclear. Methods: A total of 78 children, comprising 26 with asthma alone, 26 with AD alone, and 26 healthy controls (HC), were enrolled. TCR repertoire profiles were determined using a unique molecular identifier system for next‐generation sequencing. Integrative analyses of their associations with allergen‐specific IgE levels and allergies were performed. Results: The diversity in TCR alpha variable region (TRAV) genes of TCR repertoires and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) clonality in TRAV/TRBV (beta) genes were significantly higher in children with AD compared with those with asthma and HC (p <.05). Compared with HC, the expression of TRAV13‐1 and TRAV4 genes was significantly higher in both asthma and AD (p <.05), with a significant positive correlation with mite‐specific IgE levels (p <.01). In contrast, TRBV7‐9 gene expression was significantly lower in both asthma and AD (p <.01), with this gene showing a significant negative correlation with mite‐specific IgE levels (p <.01). Furthermore, significantly higher TRAV8‐3 gene expression, positively correlated with food‐specific IgE levels, was found in children with AD compared with those with asthma (p <.05). Conclusion: Integrated TCR repertoires analysis provides clinical insights into the diverse TCR genes linked to antigen specificity, offering potential for precision immunotherapy in childhood allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclizine, an over‐the‐counter and prescription antihistamine, finds widespread application in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness, encompassing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, along with its effectiveness in managing vertigo. However, the overuse or misuse of cyclizine may lead to hallucinations, confusion, tachycardia, and hypertension. The molecular mechanisms underlying cyclizine‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis remain unclear. During the 24 h incubation duration, RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of cyclizine. Cytotoxicity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Flow cytometry employing annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide was utilized to evaluate apoptosis and necrosis. Caspase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated through a fluorogenic substrate assay and JC‐1 dye, respectively. Flow cytometry employing fluorogenic antibodies was utilized to evaluate the release of cytochrome c and expression of death receptor, including tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor and Fas receptor. Western blotting was utilized to evaluate the expression of the Bcl2 and Bad apoptotic regulatory proteins. The findings unveiled from the present study demonstrated that cyclizine exerted a concentration‐dependent effect on RAW264.7 macrophages, leading to the induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. This compound further activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, Bcl2/Bad exchange expression, cytochrome c liberation, and activation of caspases contained caspase 3, 8, and 9. Moreover, the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was observed as cyclizine induced the upregulation of death receptors and increased caspase activities. Based on our investigations, it can be inferred that cyclizine prompts cytotoxicity and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner by triggering both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages play an important role in defending the body against invading pathogens. In the face of pathogens, macrophages become activated and release toxic materials that disrupt the pathogens. Macrophage overactivation can lead to severe illness and inflammation. Wogonin has several therapeutic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. No studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with wogonin, which, at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM, had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the RAW264.7 cells, leading to apoptosis and necrosis. Further, wogonin at concentrations of more than 0.1 mM induced caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction and death receptor expression. These results suggest that wogonin induces apoptosis through upstream intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of semiconductor photocatalystshas become an important research area. 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is recognized as a promising catalyst for photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic (PC) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, owing to its 2D nature of low optical cross‐section, the effective light absorption needs to be further boosted. Herein, we dramatically amplify the light‐matter interaction by hybridizing these photocatalysts with plasmonic materials that present strong electromagnetic field confinement and with nanowires that offer efficient light management. Such a system is designed in the heterostructure of silicon nanowires (SiNW)/ gold nanoparticles (AuNP)/ MoS2 nanofilms (SiNW/AuNP/MoS2), which demonstrates excellent PC HER. The absorption frequency of 2D‐MoS2, the resonance frequency of the 0D‐AuNP, and the antireflection frequency of 1D‐SiNW match with the visible range, enabling this heterostructure to effectively utilize solar energy. Additionally, an optimal MoS2 nanofilm that is a mixture of 1 T and 2 H phases was prepared with high reproducibility using facile pyrolysis. Moreover, the SiNW substrate validates high antireflection properties, achieving 95% visible light absorption. In addition, SiNW forms a p–n junction with the MoS2 to facilitate charge separation. The synergetic hybrid of 1D‐SiNW/0D‐AuNP/2D‐MoS2 nanofilms exhibits the highest hydrogen generation rate of 246 mmol g−1 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti‐pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty‐one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask‐wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID‐19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic‐prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWNTs) have arisen a growing interest in field‐effect transistors (FETs) due to their advantages, such as lower fabrication temperature, flexibility, and solution processing applicability, compared to traditional silicon‐based FETs. In this study, diversifying the functionality of s‐SWNT‐based FETs is focused on, particularly emphasizing their use in nonvolatile photomemory applications. By selectively wrapping s‐SWNT with n‐type conjugated polymers (CPs), electron‐trapping and photoresponsive capabilities are endowed in the device. After optimizing the structure and aggregating behavior of n‐type CPs, a favorable supramolecular network comprising s‐SWNT and CPs is formed and applied in phototransistor memory. Accordingly, the device exhibits a high memory ratio and window of 105 and 75.7 V, representing its remarkable charge‐storage capabilities. In addition, the device demonstrates decent long‐term stability over 104 s and multilevel memory behavior driven by the varied gate bias or accumulated light‐gating periods. The proposed memory mechanism involves electrical writing and photoerasing processes with the existence of n‐type CPs on s‐SWNT, revealing the underlying principles of charge transfer between their heterojunction interfaces. Herein, this research contributes to developing advanced phototransistor memory, offering a promising avenue for future electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs) hold immense potential as renewable energy sources, but the performance‐stability conundrum remains a major obstacle on the road to OSC commercialization. To address this, in this study, molecular packing behaviors of representative state‐of‐the‐art Y‐series non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are studied, focusing on their terminal group symmetries. Utilizing grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, the distinct crystalline packing structure of these NFAs is revealed. Remarkably, NFAs with asymmetric terminals exhibited excellent additive insensitivity and thermal stability for their crystalline structure, unlike their symmetric counterparts. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stable and robust crystalline feature of asymmetric NFAs and attributed to their large molecular dipole moments. These findings showed the great potential of asymmetric NFAs in fabricating efficient and intrinsically stable additive‐free OSC devices for real applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have attracted significant research interest due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, TPSCs with ideal bandgap suffer from substantial current losses, necessitating the development of innovative interface engineering strategies to enhance device performance. In this study, an unprecedented approach constructing charge transfer path is presented by a simple post‐growth treatment of 3‐Aminomethylbenzo[b]thiophene (3‐AMBTh) on the perovskite film. The selective reaction of 3‐AMBTh with exposed FA+ on the perovskite surface suppresses the formation of iodine vacancy defects, leading to a reduction in trap density. Additionally, the residual aromatic rings on the surface form an effective π–π stacking interaction system with subsequently deposited ICBA, facilitating enhanced charge transfer at the interface. By harnessing the potential of the charge transfer path, the TPSCs exhibit remarkable device efficiency of up to 14.53%, positioning them among the top‐performing TPSCs reported to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a condition caused by a disruption or damage to the femoral head's blood supply, which causes the death of bone cells and bone marrow components and prevents future regeneration. Ferroptosis, a type of controlled cell death, is caused by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we identified ferroptosis‐related genes and infiltrating immune cells involved in ONFH and predicted the underlying molecular mechanisms. The GSE123568 dataset was subjected to differential expression analysis to identify genes related to ferroptosis. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, as well as protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, were conducted. Hub genes involved in ferroptosis were identified using machine learning and other techniques. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis and lncRNA–miRNA‐mRNA network prediction analysis were performed. Finally, we determined whether ferroptosis occurred by measuring iron content. The hub genes were validated by ROC curve analysis and qRT–PCR. Four ferroptosis‐related hub genes (MAPK3, PTGS2, STK11, and SLC2A1) were identified. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis revealed a strong correlation among ONFH, hub genes, and various immune cells. Finally, we predicted the network relationship between differentially expressed lncRNAs and hub genes in the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network. MAPK3, PTGS2, STK11, and SLC2A1 have been identified as potential ferroptosis‐related biomarkers and drug targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of ONFH, while some immune cells, as well as the interaction between lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA, have also been identified as potential pathogenesis markers and therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform a meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) and cyclocryotherapy (CCT) in the treatment of intractable glaucoma. Systemic searches of the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases yielded experimental and observational comparative studies. TSCPC and CCT efficacy and safety outcomes were compared. Subgroup analyses of participant ethnicity, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) level, and underlying causes of glaucoma were conducted. The pooled effects were computed using the random‐effects model. The meta‐analysis included nine studies totalling 668 eyes. There was no statistically significant difference between the TSCPC and CCT groups in the IOP reduction (IOPR%), decrease in antiglaucoma medications, the operative success rate with or without medications, or retreatment rate in the efficacy analysis. In the subgroup analysis, CCT had a better IOP‐lowering effect among non‐Asian participants and a non‐inferior IOPR% to TSCPC among Asian participants. TSCPC and CCT were associated with similar rates of deterioration in visual acuity, postoperative visual analog scale, and other analysed postoperative complications in the safety analysis. In both groups, severe complications were uncommon. Diode laser TSCPC and CCT had nearly equivalent clinical efficacy in treating intractable glaucoma, while CCT demonstrated a better IOP‐lowering effect in non‐Asian. Both cyclodestructive procedures have a comparable safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency loss caused by area scaling is one of the key factors hindering the industrial development of perovskite solar cells. The energy loss and contact issues in the buried interface are the main reasons. Here, a new self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), Ph‐4PACz, with a large dipole moment (2.32 D) is obtained. It is found that Ph‐4PACz with high polarity can improve the band alignment and minimize the energy loss , resulting in an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.2 V for 1.55 eV perovskite. However, when applied to large‐area devices, the fill factor (FF) still suffered from significant attenuation. Therefore, alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3‐NPs) are introduced to the interface between Ph‐4PACz and rough FTO substrate to further improve the flatness , resulting in a conformal perovskite film with almost no voids in the buried interface, thus promoting low exciton binding energy, fast hot‐carrier extraction and low non‐radiative recombination. The final devices achieved a small‐area power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.60% and a large‐area (1 cm2) PCE of 24.61% (certified at 24.48%), which represents one of the highest PCE for single device ≥ 1 cm2 area. Additionally, mini‐modules and stability testing are also carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buried interface modification can effectively improve the compatibility between interfaces. Given the distinct interface selections in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the applicability of a singular modification material remains limited. Consequently, in response to this challenge, we devised a tailored molecular strategy based on the electronic effects of specific functional groups. Therefore, we prepared three distinct silane coupling agents, and due to the varying inductive effects of these functional groups, the electronic distribution and molecular dipole moments of the coupling agents are correspondingly altered. Among them, trimethoxy (3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)‐silane (F3‐TMOS), which possesses electron‐withdrawing groups, generates a molecular dipole moment directed toward the hole transport layer (HTL). This approach changes the work function of the HTL, optimizes the energy level alignment, reduces the open‐circuit voltage loss, and facilitates carrier transport. Furthermore, through the buffering effect of the coupling agent, the interface strain and lattice distortion caused by annealing the perovskite are reduced, enhancing the stability of the tin‐based perovskite. Encouragingly, tin PSCs treated with F3‐TMOS achieved a champion efficiency of 14.67 %. This strategy provides an expedient avenue for the design of buried interface modification materials, enabling precise molecular adjustments in accordance with distinct interfacial contexts to ameliorate mismatched energetics and enhance carrier dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the paramount importance of maintaining clean and safe environments. Strengthening environmental purification measures is pivotal for better preparedness and resilience against future health crises. Photocatalytic fibers, due to their versatility and adaptability to various application scenarios, play a pivotal role in the field of environmental purification. In this perspective, light is shed on the pivotal advancements in employing photocatalytic fibers to tackle environmental issues encompassing dye degradation, antibiotics decomposition, heavy metal removal, indoor air purification, and microbial disinfection. These applications hold significant promise in promoting cleaner and healthier environments while aligning with sustainability objectives. However, the implementation of photocatalytic fibers in practical scenarios is not without its challenges. Issues, such as near infrared responsiveness, all‐day active capacity, reusability, and scalability, must be addressed to ensure their reliability and long‐term effectiveness. Potential solutions for surmounting these challenges are also delved, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview for researchers and stakeholders. Exploring new avenues and innovative approaches may pave the way for the widespread deployment of photocatalytic fibers in environmental purification, especially in the post‐pandemic era where the need for clean and safe environments is more evident than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological plausibility suggests that fluoroquinolones may lead to mitral valve regurgitation or aortic valve regurgitation (MR/AR) through a collagen degradation pathway. However, available real‐world studies were limited and yielded inconsistent findings. We estimated the risk of MR/AR associated with fluoroquinolones compared with other antibiotics with similar indications in a population‐based cohort study. We identified adult patients who initiated fluoroquinolones or comparison antibiotics from the nationwide Taiwanese claims database. Patients were followed for up to 60 days after cohort entry. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MR/AR comparing fluoroquinolones to comparison antibiotics after 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching. All analyses were conducted by type of fluoroquinolone (fluoroquinolones as a class, respiratory fluoroquinolones, and non‐respiratory fluoroquinolones) and comparison antibiotic (amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam, extended‐spectrum cephalosporins). Among 6,649,284 eligible patients, the crude incidence rates of MR/AR ranged from 1.44 to 4.99 per 1,000 person‐years across different types of fluoroquinolones and comparison antibiotics. However, fluoroquinolone use was not associated with an increased risk in each pairwise PS‐matched comparison. HRs were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.89–1.11) for fluoroquinolones as a class, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.83–1.12) for respiratory fluoroquinolones, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75–1.01) for non‐respiratory fluoroquinolones, compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate or ampicillin/sulbactam. Results were similar when fluoroquinolones were compared with extended‐spectrum cephalosporins (HRs of 0.96, 95% CI, 0.82–1.12, HR, 1.05, 95% CI, 0.86–1.28, and HR, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.75–1.03, respectively). This large‐scale cohort study did not find a higher risk of MR/AR with different types of fluoroquinolones in the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]