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Background: The incidence of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is increasing in the last decades. NOAF is associated with worse long‐term prognosis. The C2HEST score has been recently proposed to stratify the risk of NOAF. Pooled data on the performance of the C2HEST score are lacking. Methods: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies reporting data on NOAF according to the C2HEST score. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar databases without time restrictions until June 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines. Meta‐analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a sensitivity analysis according to setting of care and countries were performed. Results: Of 360 studies, 17 were included in the analysis accounting for 11,067,496 subjects/patients with 307,869 NOAF cases. Mean age ranged from 41.3 to 71.2 years. The prevalence of women ranged from 10.6 to 54.75%. The pooled analysis gave an AUC of.70 (95% CI.66–.74). A subgroup analysis on studies from general population/primary care yielded an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.64–0.75). In the subgroup of patients with cardiovascular disease, the AUC was.71 (.69–.79). The C2HEST score performed similarly in Asian (AUC.72, 95% CI.68–.77), and in Western patients (AUC.68, 95% CI.62–.75). The best performance was observed in studies with a mean age <50 years (n = 3,144,704 with 25,538 NOAF, AUC.78, 95% CI.76–.79). Conclusion: The C2HEST score may be used to predict NOAF in primary and secondary prevention patients, and in patients across different countries. Early detection of NOAF may aid prompt initiation of management and follow‐up, potentially leading to a reduction of AF‐related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of managing multi‐service applications on top of Cloud‐Edge networks in a quality of service (QoS)‐aware manner has been thoroughly studied in recent years from a decision‐making perspective. However, only a few studies addressed the problem of actively enforcing such decisions while orchestrating multi‐service applications and considering infrastructure and application variations. In this article, we propose a next‐gen orchestrator prototype based on Docker to achieve the continuous and QoS‐compliant management of multiservice applications on top of geographically distributed Cloud‐Edge resources, in continuity with CI/CD pipelines and infrastructure monitoring tools. Finally, we assess our proposal over a geographically distributed testbed across Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a new set of N‐(2‐((4‐(1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine sulfonamide derivatives was synthesized. Final target compounds were tested against JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms. Compounds 8f and 8d showed the highest activity over both JNK isoforms. They showed submicromolar activity over JNK1 (IC50 0.90 µM and 0.96 µM, respectively). They also showed excellent activity over JNK2 (IC50 0.62 µM and 1.07 µM, respectively). Moreover, the final target compounds were tested over HL‐60 and K‐562 cell lines for assessing the in vitro anticancer activity using sorafenib as a positive control. Compound 8f showed the highest potency at IC50 values of 6.21 and 7.43 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 8e and 8g exhibited strong effects on both acute leukemia cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 13.83 and 10.02 µM, respectively, as well as chronic leukemia cancer cell line with IC50 of 12.65 and 9.51 µM, respectively. Compound 8f was also tested to examine its effect on the cell cycle. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to understand the plausible binding modes of the most active compounds 8d and 8f within the JNK1 and JNK2 binding sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ordos Basin is the main tight gas‐producing basin in China. Under the background of strong heterogeneous physical property, there is still high porosity and permeability "sweet spot" in tight reservoirs. Feldspar dissolution exerts a significant effect on porosity/permeability, while its genetic mechanism is unclear, which restricts the prediction of effective reservoir. In this paper, genesis of feldspar dissolution and its effect on reservoir heterogeneity were studies. Carboniferous‐Permian Formation, which is the main gas‐producing strata in northeast margin of Ordos Basin, is taken as the target. Based on the methods of thin section observation, physical property test, inclusion, isotope and productivity analysis, mechanism of feldspar dissolution, and its positive modification to tight sandstone reservoir are studied. The results show that the target sandstone is dominantly made up of litharenite and feldspathic litharenite. About 98.6% of the samples possess permeability less than 1 mD, while 89.7% of the samples possess porosity less than 10%. The high porosity/permeability space within tight reservoirs is dominated by dissolved pores, accounting for more than 80% of the total pore space. The dissolution minerals are mainly associated with feldspar, and the amount of feldspar dissolution is positively correlated with porosity and permeability. According to the fluid chemical information of quartz overgrowth and ankerite (related to feldspar dissolution), feldspar dissolved pores are caused by organic acid derived from the thermal maturity of organic matter. According to production data, no daily production can be achieved in single well, when the porosity and permeability are less than 7% and 0.1 mD, respectively. However, once it exceeds this porosity/permeability threshold value, the production capacity is exponentially improved. Furthermore, when surface porosity of feldspar dissolution exceeds 7%, most values of the porosity and permeability exceed the threshold values of the allowable productivity, indicating that extensive feldspar dissolution is favorable factor for effective reservoir space development in tight reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Radial sclerosing lesions (RSLs) are benign breast lesions composed of glandular and epithelial proliferations with stellate architecture and fibro‐elastotic stroma, which can mimic invasive carcinoma on imaging. Surgical management following a core biopsy diagnosis of RSLs remains controversial. Methods and results: We retrospectively identified core biopsies with RSLs without atypia who underwent subsequent surgical excision between 2015 and 2021. All core biopsy slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging was reviewed to determine radiological–pathological concordance. An upgrade was defined as invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the excision. The final cohort consisted of 130 core biopsies from 124 women (median age = 52 years, range = 27–76). The imaging modality was mammogram in 52 (40%) cases, MRI in 52 (40%) and ultrasound in 26 (20%). One hundred and seven (82%) core biopsies were vacuum‐assisted and 23 (18%) were ultrasound‐guided without vacuum assistance. The median lesion size on imaging was 9 mm (range = 2–41). Overall, two (1%) cases were upgraded at excision, including one microinvasive lobular carcinoma and one 2 mm focus of invasive mammary carcinoma with associated DCIS. In both cases, the upgraded foci of carcinoma were not closely associated with the biopsy site and were considered incidental upgrades. Conclusions: This study adds to the body of literature supporting observation, rather than routine excision of radial sclerosing lesions without atypia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation strongly influences land‐atmosphere processes from regional to global scale. Therefore, an accurate representation of irrigation is crucial to understand these interactions and address water resources issues. While irrigation schemes are increasingly integrated into land surface models, their evaluation and further development remains challenging due to data limitations. This study assessed the representation of field‐scale irrigation using the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) through comparison of observed and simulated soil moisture, transpiration and crop yield. Irrigation was simulated by (a) adjusting the current irrigation routine and (b) by implementing a novel irrigation data stream that allows to directly use observed irrigation amounts and schedules. In a following step, the effect of different irrigation scenarios at the regional scale was simulated by using this novel data stream. At the plot scale, the novel irrigation data stream performed better in representing observed SM dynamics compared to the current irrigation routine. Nonetheless, simplifications in crop and irrigation representation and uncertainty in the relation between water stress and yield currently limit the ability of CLM5 for field‐scale irrigation scheduling. Still, the simulations revealed valuable insights into model performance that can inform and improve the modeling beyond the field scale. At regional scale, the simulations identified irrigation priorities and potential water savings. Furthermore, application of LSMs such as CLM5 can help to study the effects of irrigation beyond water availability, for example, on energy fluxes and climate, thus providing a powerful tool to assess the broader implications of irrigation at larger scale. Plain Language Summary: Irrigation impacts how land and atmosphere interact, both locally and globally. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of irrigation practices and improve how water resources are managed. Advanced models such as land surface models now include irrigation. However, developing these models is difficult due to limited data. This study used the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to compare observed and simulated soil moisture, plant water use, and crop yield. Two methods were used: an updated irrigation routine and a new data stream that uses actual irrigation amounts and schedules. The new data stream more accurately represented soil moisture. Simplifications in how the model handles crops and irrigation, and uncertainty about the link between water stress and yield, limit CLM5's effectiveness for precise irrigation planning. Still, the simulations provided valuable insights into the model's performance. At a regional level, the simulations highlighted key areas for irrigation and potential water savings. Models like CLM5 can help study the effects of irrigation on water availability, energy fluxes, and climate, making them useful tools for improving water management and allocation. Key Points: The CLM5 irrigation routine is tested at different scales and enhanced with the option to prescribe irrigation amounts and schedulesSoil moisture dynamics were simulated well but model simplifications limit the ability of CLM5 for field‐scale irrigation schedulingRegional simulations using different irrigation scenarios identified priorities and water savings for improved irrigation management [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture is an essential climate variable of the Earth system. Understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for predicting weather patterns and climate variability, monitoring and mitigating the effects and occurrence of droughts and floods, improving irrigation in agricultural areas, and sustainably managing water resources. Here we review in depth how soils can remember information on soil moisture anomalies over time, as embedded in the concept of soil moisture memory (SMM). We explain the mechanisms underlying SMM and explore its external and internal drivers; we also discuss the impacts of SMM on different land surface processes, focusing on soil‐plant‐atmosphere coupling. We explore the spatiotemporal variability, seasonality, locality, and depth‐dependence of SMM and provide insights into both improving its characterization in land surface models and using satellite observations to quantify it. Finally, we offer guidance for further research on SMM. Plain Language Summary: Our review paper takes an in‐depth look at soil moisture memory, which is how soil records its moisture history over time and space. Analogous to human psychology, which seeks to understand how a person's/society's memory influences his/her present and future behavior, understanding soil moisture memory encourages consideration of how such memory determines present state and might determine future behavior of soils exposed to environmental disturbances. Soil moisture memory can be affected by a variety of factors, both external (e.g., weather extremes) and internal (soil's unique properties). It affects everything from the air to the way our landscapes respond to disasters like droughts, wildfires, and floods. We also studied how this phenomenon affects the balance of water and energy in our environment, the health of our plants, and even how it communicates with the atmosphere. We show how it can change depending on where you are on the planet, the time of year, and how deep you dig into the soil. We offer scientists insights into how weather and land surface models can become more accurate by accounting for soil moisture memory. Its understanding not only helps us predict and manage our environment, but also provides opportunities for exciting scientific discoveries. Key Points: Atmospheric forcings, land use and management, and soil processes and mechanisms explain how and why soil moisture memory emerges in ecosystemsNonlocality of moisture memory, its spread across different regions, and its interaction with large‐scale climate phenomena are underexploredFurther advances in land surface models and closer integration of model simulations and observations are needed to better characterize moisture memory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‐Innovation (EI) emerges as an enabler of Circular Economy (CE). A shift to the CE is a powerful opportunity for companies to create significant financial and economic value for business and society: the so‐called "circular advantage". Companies have a crucial role as accelerators of the CE transition, although the identification and exploitation of CE opportunities that derive from trasformative EI being essential. With the aim to develop a multidimensional and multi‐actor approach to innovation in CE the present paper proposes an integrated Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making (MCDM) method based on fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interval‐Valued Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Additive Ratio ASsessment (IVTFN‐ARAS). The proposed method is conceived as a tool to evaluate the ability of Eco‐Innovative solutions to trigger company adoption of CE business models, the exploitation of disruptive technologies, and the enforcement of dynamic capabilities, which are all recognized as drivers of CE advantage. An illustrative application to a set of EU‐funded Eco‐Innovative projects is presented to clarify how the method works in practice. Discussion and suggestions for future research offer guidance to use the method as a policy‐making instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, natural compounds from Calotropisprocera were screened according to their antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic microbes selected as E. coli, S. aureus, Traypanosomabrucei, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Leishmaniaamazonensis. A 3D‐QSAR study was performed that evaluated the correlation of the structural parameters for the antimicrobial activity of the natural compounds which were selected based on their antimicrobial in‐vivo and in‐vitro studies previously. The screened active compounds were further studied by molecular docking to analyze the various interactions between the ligands and target proteins. Molecular docking was also performed with the three FDA‐approved antibiotics Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin, and Levofloxacin, having antimicrobial potential, and their results were compared with the docking results of the hit compounds. Results of ADME/T study of the compounds revealed that the two compounds stigmasterol and caryophyllene oxide are the hit compounds having no toxicity, best values of TPSA and average molecular weight. Validation of the docking results was also carried out by re‐docking as well as by molecular dynamic simulation. DFT study was also carried out to explore the stability and chemical properties of active compounds. Results showed that caryophyllene oxide is the hit compound because of the highest Moldock score with 3VOB protein, better than standard drugs and according to dynamic simulation analysis. Therefore, the derived results in these studies provide crucial information for designing antimicrobial drugs by using natural compounds that have better antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a long period of human persecution that led it to extinction in most of its distribution range, the wolf is undergoing a fast recovery. Despite being described as an elusive species only living in remote areas, wolves are recently occupying also human‐dominated landscapes, increasing the frequency of direct contacts with humans. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this situation is only caused by a numerical increase or partially facilitated by a higher tolerance of wolves with respect to human proximity. We focused on a European region offering an abundant, widespread and long‐term monitored wolf population to analyse wolf pack distribution and its relationship with human presence across areas recolonized across four different time periods (1972, 1996, 2005 and 2016). Throughout areas recolonized during different periods, wolves were initially located in mountains and hills, occupying plains only in the recent past. Although they consistently tended to be located as far as possible from urban settlements, especially from those with over 5000 inhabitants, in 2016, 70% of packs included at least one urban settlement within the expected home range. Moreover, the distance kept by wolves from the nearest urban settlement was more constrained in areas of recent recolonization (2005 and 2016) and in the mountainous altitudinal range, likely due to a reduced availability of territories. We showed that wolves tend to keep as far away as possible from humans, but they can also permanently occupy human‐dominated landscapes to cope with the lower availability of space induced by their remarkably successful recolonization. Our results shed light on an upcoming scenario for the conservation of large carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human‐dominated environments are growing worldwide, forcing animals to adapt to new conditions characterized by increased risks and/or anthropogenic resources availability. While numerous studies have compared behavioural patterns of rural and urban populations, little is known about plastic behavioural responses to temporal variations in human presence. We modelled the behaviour‐specific resource selection of 15 wild boars (Sus scrofa) GPS‐tracked between 2017 and 2019 in a tourist area in Italy characterized by high seasonal variability of human presence. By means of activity sensor data, we differentiated between two behavioural states with different ecological needs: resting (safe shelter) and activity (food intake). We investigated the variability of selection/avoidance of infrastructures and beaches, across seasons and behavioural states. We expected human‐built landscape features to be avoided for resting and selected for activity, with a strength proportional to the seasonal level of human presence. Instead, wild boars selected locations near infrastructures and away from beaches, both for resting and while being active. We showed that the similarity of behavioural patterns exhibited during the resting and active phases was accountable to the wild boar activities being spatially constrained by the proximity with their previous resting location. As expected, the selection for infrastructure proximity and avoidance of beaches peaked in summer (maximum human presence) and was negligible in winter (least human presence), showing that a variable human presence elicits intra‐individual plastic responses in animal populations. Our results suggest the behavioural flexibility of wild boars as a key factor enabling them to rapidly colonize human‐dominated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐temperature geothermal areas are often characterized by widespread surficial manifestations, whose location is strictly controlled by sets of faults of regional relevance. The geochemical and isotopic signature of the discharged fluids can reveal key information on the geothermal fluids pathway, shedding light on the sources and fluid‐rock interaction within the geothermal reservoirs. In this paper, a geochemical and structural data set from the Larderello geothermal area and surroundings is presented and discussed. We constrain the role of transfer and normal faults in controlling the geothermal circulation enhanced by a cooling magmatic intrusion underneath the Lago area (SW of Larderello). The structural control on the fluids circulation is highlighted by both the location of the CO2 emissions along the fault segments, where permeability is enhanced, and their degassing rates, which increase moving away from the core of the Larderello geothermal system. The main results unravel the presence of deep regional pathways along which endogenous fluids circulate before being discharged in the investigated areas. The peripheral zone emissions are affected by interaction with shallow aquifers and condensation processes whereas the CO2 emitted from the central areas, located near the core of the geothermal system, was accompanied by high amounts of steam, and suffers intense shallow fractionation processes. The latter areas emit medium‐to‐low normalized‐CO2‐degassing rates (<270 t d−1 km−2) when compared to the extremely high values occurring in the peripheral sectors (up to 1,300 t d−1 km−2) of the Larderello geothermal systems, possibly suggesting an incipient propagation of such a system, likely wider than previously thought. Plain Language Summary: High‐temperature geothermal areas are specific zones on Earth where the geothermal gradient is greater than the average global value (∼30°C km−1). This is due to the existence of cooling magma source(s) at depth, providing heat that is transmitted to fluid reservoir(s) located at intermediate levels continuously and naturally fed by recharging fluids, and sealing rock(s) at shallower levels that maintain reservoir temperature and pressure. These geothermal areas commonly show steam‐dominated manifestations at the surface, accompanied by relevant degassing of carbon dioxide likely originated from different feeding systems (biogenic, thermometamorphic, and mantellic). Defining sources, processes, and transport mechanisms governing the CO2 emissions from soils is challenging but pivotal to understand the geothermal fluid origin, dynamics, and relation with the geological structures. To unravel these processes, we combined geochemical and structural measurements performed at the Larderello‐Travale‐Radicondoli (LTR) geothermal field (Italy). Distinct geothermal sectors were investigated according to their geochemical characteristics, CO2 degassing rates, and geological‐structural features, to understand how CO2 is transported and modified during its journey from the deep geothermal reservoir(s) to the surface, exploiting the permeability of fault zones and/or fractured rocks. Results suggest that the LTR geothermal system might be wider than previously thought, indicating a higher geothermal potential. Key Points: Extensive CO2 soil degassing measurements and carbon isotopic composition in the Larderello geothermal system were carried outHydrothermalized hot‐ and cold‐degassing areas are controlled by structural settingRegional transfer zones enhance the circulation of deep‐seated geothermal fluids [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the added value of three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction models and artificial intelligence for preoperative planning in complex perianal Crohn's disease. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis of complex perianal fistulas and abscess due to its high sensitivity, but it lacks high specificity values. This creates the need for better diagnostic models such as 3D image processing and reconstruction (3D‐IPR) with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Method: This is a prospective study evaluating the utility of 3D reconstruction models from MRI in four patients with perineal Crohn's disease (pCD). Results: Four pCD patients had 3D reconstruction models made from pelvic MRI. This provided a more visual representation of perianal disease and made possible location of the internal fistula orifice, seton placement in fistula tracts and abscess drainage. Conclusion: Three‐dimensional reconstruction in CD‐associated complex perianal fistulas can facilitate disease interpretation, anatomy and surgical strategy, potentially improving preoperative planning as well as intraoperative assistance. This could probably result in better surgical outcomes to control perianal sepsis and reduce the number of surgical procedures required in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current histological classification of in‐situ and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) includes different morphological variants, some of which have been recently described. In this review, we will focus upon: (i) the diagnostic criteria of non‐invasive lobular neoplasia and treatment implications across different countries; (ii) utility and limitations of immunohistochemistry; (iii) recently described variants of ILC; and (iv) the significance of lobular differentiation in invasive carcinoma for clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into credit risk assessment is the new frontier for credit risk management as regulators and investors increasingly require banks to channel loans to "sustainable" borrowers and ultimately foster sustainable growth. Our findings show that higher ESG awareness is strongly associated with better creditworthiness (proxied by the Altman Z‐score). We apply a two‐step methodology to 3331 companies from various industries and geographies in the 2000–2016 period which reveals that high ESG awareness scores are strongly and very significantly associated with a reduction in firm credit risk. We check the robustness by using the Probability of Default as a dependent variable and an instrumental variable constructed with a factor analysis. Our results support the appropriateness of the introduction of ESG awareness parameters in the creditworthiness assessment of borrowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmotic computing encompasses emerging Cloud‐Internet of Things (IoT) computing paradigms, by featuring the possibility for application services to adapt into different functionally equivalent flavours, depending on the contextually available resources and on specific requirements of running applications. This article proposes a fully decentralised declarative framework that enables both application and infrastructure operators to declare management policies for the service instances and the nodes they manage, respectively. Policies are composed of a simple and well‐defined set of management operations, declared in Prolog, which trigger based on locally available contextual information on application requests and infrastructure resources. A prototype implementation of the framework is showcased and assessed via simulation over a lifelike Smart Campus use case with multiple applications, at increasing infrastructure sizes and number of mobile users. Experimental results show that the proposed management framework scales to large infrastructure sizes and suits the needs of multiflavoured Osmotic applications in dynamic deployment conditions, by improving the trade‐off between their response times and suitable service usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria are increasingly important in all fields of economics. However, despite increasing interest from policy makers and financial regulators, literature relating to the insurance industry is still scarce. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the interaction between a set of financial ratios and environmental social governance scores of 107 large, listed US insurance companies for the period 2010–2018 for the purpose of identifying the determinants of ESG awareness. Larger, more profitable, and more solvent insurance companies show the highest level of ESG awareness. Our model contributes to shed light on the unfolding of ESG practices in the insurance industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article Radial sclerosing lesions found on core needle biopsy: excision can be safely avoided by Anne Grabenstetter et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15233..By Anne Grabenstetter; Sandra B Brennan; Maxine S Jochelson; Edi Brogi; Monica Morrow; Lee K Tan and Timothy M D'AlfonsoReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Travertine mounds are common spring‐constructed landforms with highly variable geometries, but factors controlling their development have not yet been fully understood. To investigate processes linked with their lateral and vertical growth, this study investigated travertine mounds at Heinitang (China) and compared them with typical mounds around the world. Calcium concentration variation modelling and height evaluation of travertine mounds were also performed. The lateral extent of travertine mounds was found to be mainly controlled by Ca2+ and HCO3‐ concentrations and water discharge: relatively small metre‐scale mounds, like those from Heinitang, are largely the products of Ca2+‐deficiency (<150 mg L−1, commonly <100 mg L−1) or HCO3‐‐deficiency (<500 mg L−1) springs with low discharges (<0.1 L s−1), whereas springs with higher Ca2+ and HCO3‐ concentrations and discharges give rise to the formation of wider mounds. Additional factors affecting mound lateral development include infiltration, evaporation, micro‐organisms, water cooling, CO2 degassing and flow paths. Height of travertine mounds cannot be simply considered to represent the piezometric surface, because the vertical growth of travertine mounds is also influenced by the water table change triggered by tectonic pulses and climate fluctuations, and the closing of conduits induced by self‐sealing. The extinction of travertine mounds at Heinitang is, for example, probably caused by the water table lowering triggered by earthquakes or climate drying after 4 kyr bp. These findings offer new inputs for the better understanding of factors controlling travertine mound development and might assist in the reconstruction of fluid properties, hydrodynamics, tectonics and climate fluctuations in fossil geothermal systems with travertine mounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Radiation‐associated angiosarcomas (RT‐ASs) of the breast are rare tumours with a poor prognosis. MYC gene amplification is considered to be the hallmark of RT‐AS, and is sometimes used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish it from other radiation‐associated vascular lesions. However, a small subset of RT‐ASs lacks MYC amplification, and this may be associated with better outcome. Loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recently postulated as an additional diagnostic marker for RT‐AS. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of MYC amplification as detected by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and/or next‐generation sequencing on clinicopathological features and outcome in a large cohort of RT‐ASs, compare outcome with those of radiation‐associated sarcomas (RT‐Ss) of the breast other than angiosarcoma, and evaluate expression of H3K27me3 IHC in these groups. Methods and results: Eighty‐one RT‐ASs were identified, including 73 that were MYC‐amplified and 8 (10%) that were MYC‐non‐amplified. MYC‐amplified RT‐ASs were diagnosed in older patients (median age, 69 years versus 61 years). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival and 5‐year overall survival rates were 56% and 47%, respectively. Older age, larger tumour size, positive margin and MYC amplification were associated with worse prognosis. None of the RT‐ASs showed complete loss of H3K27me3 IHC expression. All 18 RT‐Ss were MYC‐non‐amplified, and complete loss of H3K27me3 expression was seen in 2 cases. We found no difference in prognosis between RT‐AS and RT‐S. Conclusions: RT‐AS of the breast is associated with a poor prognosis. Older age at diagnosis, larger tumour size, positive margin at excision and MYC amplification are associated with worse prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Exploiting microservices to architect enterprise applications is becoming commonplace. This makes it crucial to provide some support for designing and analyzing microservice‐based applications, for example, for understanding whether a microservice‐based application adheres to the main design principles of microservices and for choosing how to refactor it when this is not the case. To provide such support, in this article we present the μTOSCA toolchain. More precisely, we first introduce the μTOSCA model to represent the architecture of microservice‐based applications with the OASIS standard TOSCA. We then describe a technique to automatically mine the architecture of a microservice‐based application and represent it with μTOSCA, given the Kubernetes deployment of the application. We also present a methodology to analyze the μTOSCA representation of a microservice‐based architecture to systematically identify the architectural smells potentially affecting the corresponding application and to resolve them. Finally, we present two prototype tools, μMiner and μFreshener, implementing our mining solution and the support for identifying and resolving architectural smells in microservice‐based applications, respectively. We then assess —by discussing some case studies— how effectively μMiner, μFreshener, and the μTOSCA toolchain can support researchers and practitioners working with microservices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) are rare aggressive cancers, characterized by an admixture of adenocarcinoma and areas displaying mesenchymal/sarcomatoid differentiation. We sought to define whether MBCs and UCSs harbor similar patterns of genetic alterations, and whether the different histologic components of MBCs and UCSs are clonally related. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data from MBCs (n = 35) and UCSs (n = 57, The Cancer Genome Atlas) were reanalyzed to define somatic genetic alterations, altered signaling pathways, mutational signatures, and genomic features of homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD). In addition, the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components of an additional cohort of MBCs (n = 11) and UCSs (n = 6) were microdissected separately and subjected to WES, and their clonal relatedness was assessed. MBCs and UCSs harbored recurrent genetic alterations affecting TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN, similar patterns of gene copy number alterations, and an enrichment in alterations affecting the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Differences were observed, however, including a significantly higher prevalence of FAT3 and FAT1 somatic mutations in MBCs compared to UCSs, and conversely, UCSs significantly more frequently harbored somatic mutations affecting FBXW7 and PPP2R1A as well as HER2 amplification than MBCs. Genomic features of HRD and biallelic alterations affecting bona fide HRD‐related genes were found to be more prevalent in MBCs than in UCSs. The distinct histologic components of MBCs and UCSs were clonally related in all cases, with the sarcoma component likely stemming from a minor subclone of the carcinoma component in the samples with interpretable chronology of clonal evolution. Despite the similar histologic features and pathways affected by genetic alterations, UCSs differ from MBCs on the basis of FBXW7 and PPP2R1A mutations, HER2 amplification, and lack of HRD, supporting the notion that these entities are more than mere phenocopies of the same tumor type in different anatomical sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare benign mass‐forming lesion occurring in young women, which is histologically characterized by a constellation of proliferative changes and large cysts, giving it the gross appearance of Swiss cheese. A subset of patients with JP report a family history of breast carcinoma and/or coexisting or subsequent breast carcinoma. We performed whole‐exome sequencing of the hyperplastic epithelial component of three JPs, including one with coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC‐NST). JPs harbored clonal somatic PIK3CA hotspot mutations in two cases. In the JP with coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST, these lesions were clonally related to the associated JP, sharing a clonal PIK3CA E542K somatic hotspot mutation. JP showed a paucity of copy number alterations, whereas the associated DCIS and IDC‐NST showed concurrent 1q gains/16q losses, hallmarks of estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. We observed JP to harbor a dominant aging‐related mutational signature, whereas coexisting DCIS and IDC‐NST showed greater exposure to an APOBEC signature. Taken together, our findings suggest that, at least in a subset of cases, JP might constitute the substrate from which DCIS and invasive breast carcinomas develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) updated the testing guideline in 2018 to address issues arising from uncommon human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) results according to the 2013 guideline. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) may be used to better classify patients. The aim of this study was to assess the ERBB2 amplification status of invasive breast carcinoma with equivocal HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results by using NGS, focusing on Group 4 (HER2/CEP17 ratio of <2.0; average HER2 signals/cell of ≥4.0 and <6.0). Methods and results: We retrospectively reviewed HER2 FISH and NGS data of HER2 IHC‐equivocal breast carcinomas at our centre between January 2009 and September 2019, wherein all three assays were performed on the same tissue block, and compared HER2 FISH results, according to the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline, and the ERBB2 amplification status determined with NGS. A total of 52 HER2 FISH and NGS results from 51 patients with HER2 IHC‐equivocal breast carcinomas were reviewed. The cohort included eight cases classified as 2018 ASCO/CAP in‐situ hybridisation Group 1, three classified as Group 2, three classified as Group 3, 14 classified as Group 4, and 24 classified as Group 5. Thirteen of 14 (92.9%) Group 4 (HER2‐negative) cases were classified as ERBB2‐non‐amplified by the use of NGS; the discordant case was later classified as Group 1 with alternative sample FISH testing. NGS revealed no significant difference in somatic mutations or copy number alterations between Groups 4 and 5. Conclusions: Our NGS findings support the reclassification of HER2 FISH‐equivocal cases as HER2‐negative under the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐Cov‐2 demands rapid, safe and effective therapeutic options. In the last decades, the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as modulator of several biological functions and its deficiency has been associated with different disorders. Therefore, many H2S‐releasing agents have been developed as potential therapeutic tools for diseases related with impaired H2S production and/or activity. Some of these compounds are in advanced clinical trials. Presently, the pivotal role of H2S in modulating the inflammatory response and pro‐inflammatory cytokine cascade is well recognized, and the usefulness of some H2S‐donors for the treatment of acute lung inflammation has been reported. Recent data is elucidating several mechanisms of action, which may account for antiviral effects of H2S. Noteworthy, some preliminary clinical results suggest an inverse relationship between endogenous H2S levels and severity of COVID‐19. Therefore, repurposing of H2S‐releasing drugs may be a potential therapeutic opportunity for treatment of COVID‐19. Linked Articles: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the determinants of a "successful" IPO from a corporate governance perspective upon a representative sample of European listings from 2000 to 2015. We use an extensive dataset of market performance, financial data, and corporate governance characteristics to run the investigation. Differently from previous studies, our analysis embraces both a short‐term perspective and a medium–long‐term perspective, where the board of directors seems to perform different tasks, moving from a value creation to a value protection strategy. Among the others, we find that board size, board independence, and their qualifications, together with their experience in other boards, are associated with a positive performance of the IPO in a short‐term horizon and in the medium–long‐term period, although significant differences emerge among those time perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Containers and container‐based orchestrators allow deploying and managing multi‐service applications over cloud platforms, by coupling the lifecycle of each application service to that of its hosting container. In this use case letter, we demonstrate how the OASIS standard TOSCA and Toskose allow overcoming such a coupling by enabling to exploit Docker containers as system containers where to independently deploy and manage application services. More precisely, we show how TOSCA and Toskose enable a fine‐grained, service‐aware management of a third‐party multi‐service application on top of existing Docker‐based container orchestrators (such as Docker Compose and Kubernetes) and independently of whether the application is deployed on premises or on a public cloud (such as MS Azure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Haemophilia (H) is frequently associated with a multifactorial reduction in bone mineral density (BDM), but little is known about possible differences between HA and HB according to their severity. Aim: To evaluate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and bone turnover markers in patients with HA and HB younger or older than 50 years. Methods: In 78 patients <50 years and 33 patients >50 years with severe (S) or moderate (M) HA and HB, BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine and then correlated to annual bleeding rate (ABR), World Federation of Haemophilia orthopaedic joint scale (WFH score), 25(OH)D concentrations, parathyroid hormone (PTH), amino‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx), urinary pyridinolines, osteocalcin and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase. Results: Overall, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed. In patients <50 years, low FN‐BMD was significantly more frequent in HA than in HB, while PTH, pyridinolines, ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity. In patients >50 years, similarly low FN‐BMD was observed in HA and HB, while ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity, being milder in HB. Conclusions: Low bone mass is a frequent comorbidity in haemophilic patients of all ages, apart from those with MHB. Clinical and laboratory assessments confirm a higher bone impairment and faster bone resorption in HA compared with HB. Looking at H type and severity, MHB seems to have a normal bone metabolism and a less severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Enterprise IT is currently facing the challenge of coordinating the management of complex, multicomponent applications across heterogeneous cloud platforms. Containers and container orchestrators provide a valuable solution to deploy multicomponent applications over cloud platforms, by coupling the lifecycle of each application component to that of its hosting container. We hereby propose a solution for going beyond such a coupling, based on the OASIS standard TOSCA and on Docker. We indeed propose a novel approach for deploying multicomponent applications on top of existing container orchestrators, which enables managing each component independently from the container used to run it. We also present prototype tools that implement our approach, and we show how we effectively exploited them to carry out a concrete case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of triple‐negative breast cancer that shows vast histological and genetic heterogeneity. Osseous differentiation can be found in different subtypes of MBC. Whether MBCs with osseous differentiation are underpinned by specific genetic alterations has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the repertoire of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation. Methods and results: Tumour and normal DNA samples from three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation were subjected to whole‐exome sequencing. Somatic mutations, CNAs and mutational signatures were determined by use of a validated bioinformatics pipeline. Our analyses revealed clonal TP53 hotspot mutations associated with loss of heterozygosity of the wild‐type allele coupled with mutations affecting genes related to the Wnt and/or the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in all cases analysed. All cases showed a dominant mutational signature 1, with two cases showing a secondary signature 3 in addition to other features of homologous recombination DNA repair defects. The oncostatin M receptor gene, which plays a role in mesenchymal differentiation and bone formation, was found to be mutated in two MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation and in none of 35 previously published 35 MBCs. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MBCs with osseous differentiation have somatic mutations similar to those of other forms of MBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lawsonite blueschists are important markers of cold subduction zones, subjected to intense fluid circulation. This is because lawsonite preservation in exhumed blueschists and eclogites is typically linked to cold exhumation paths, accompanied by hydration. In the Catena Costiera (Calabria, southern Italy), lawsonite–clinopyroxene blueschists of the Diamante–Terranova Unit, affected by ductile shearing and retrogression, are exposed. Blueschists contain zoned clinopyroxene crystals, showing core–rim compositional variation from diopside to omphacite and hosting primary inclusions of lawsonite and titanite. Thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria in the NCKFMASHTO system revealed peak metamorphic conditions of 2.0–2.1 GPa and 475–490°C for the Alpine subduction in Calabria. The subsequent post‐peak metamorphic evolution mainly proceeded along a decompression and cooling path up to ~1.1 GPa and ~380°C. The final exhumation stages are recorded in the sheared blueschists where a mylonitic to ultramylonitic foliation developed at ~0.7 GPa and 290–315°C. Therefore, the P–T evolution of the Diamante–Terranova blueschists mostly occurred in the stability field of lawsonite, sustained by H2O‐saturated conditions during the exhumation path. The results of this study indicate that the blueschists underwent peak metamorphic conditions higher than previously thought, reaching a maximum depth of ~70 km under a very cold geothermal gradient (~6.6°C/km), during the Eocene subduction of the Ligurian Tethys oceanic crust in Calabria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Breast adenomyoepitheliomas (AMEs) are uncommon tumours. Most oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive AMEs have mutations in phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway genes, whereas ER‐negative AMEs usually harbour concurrent mutations affecting the HRAS Q61 hotspot and PI3K pathway genes. Here, we sought to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RAS Q61R immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for detection of HRAS Q61R mutations in AMEs. Methods and results: Twenty‐six AMEs (14 ER‐positive; 12 ER‐negative) previously subjected to massively parallel sequencing (n = 21) or Sanger sequencing (n = 5) of the HRAS Q61 hotspot locus were included in this study. All AMEs were subjected to IHC analysis with a monoclonal (SP174) RAS Q61R‐specific antibody, in addition to detailed histopathological analysis. Nine ER‐negative AMEs harboured HRAS mutations, including Q61R (n = 7) and Q61K (n = 2) mutations. Five of seven (71%) AMEs with HRAS Q61R mutations were immunohistochemically positive, whereas none of the AMEs lacking HRAS Q61R mutations (n = 17) were immunoreactive. RAS Q61R immunoreactivity was restricted to the myoepithelium in 80% (4/5) of cases, whereas one case showed immunoreactivity in both the epithelial component and the myoepithelial component. RAS Q61R immunohistochemically positive AMEs were associated with infiltrative borders (P < 0.001), necrosis (P < 0.01) and mitotic index in the epithelial (P < 0.05) and myoepithelial (P < 0.01) components. RAS Q61R IHC assessment did not reveal Q61K mutations (0/2). Conclusions: IHC analysis of RAS Q61R shows high specificity (100%) and moderate sensitivity (71%) for detection of HRAS Q61R mutations in breast AMEs, and appears not to detect HRAS Q61K mutations. IHC analysis of RAS Q61R may constitute a useful technique in the diagnostic workup of ER‐negative AMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fog computing aims at extending the cloud towards the Internet of things so to achieve improved quality of service and to empower latency‐sensitive and bandwidth‐hungry applications. The fog calls for novel models and algorithms to distribute multiservice applications in such a way that data processing occurs wherever it is best placed, based on both functional and nonfunctional requirements. This survey reviews the existing methodologies to solve the application placement problem in the fog, while pursuing three main objectives. First, it offers a comprehensive overview on the currently employed algorithms, on the availability of open‐source prototypes and on the size of test use cases. Second, it classifies the literature based on the application and fog infrastructure characteristics that are captured by available models, with a focus on the considered constraints and the optimized metrics. Finally, it identifies some open challenges in application placement in the fog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecosystem models that simulate crop growth as a function of weather conditions and soil characteristics are among the most promising tools for improving crop yield and achieving more sustainable agricultural production systems. This study aims at using spatially distributed crop growth simulations to investigate how field-scale patterns in soil properties obtained using geophysical mapping affect the spatial variability of soil water content dynamics and growth of crops at the square kilometer scale. For this, a geophysics-based soil map was intersected with land use information. Soil hydraulic parameterswere calculated using pedotransfer functions. Simulations of soil water content dynamics performed with the agroecosystem model AgroC were compared with soil water content measured at two locations, resulting in RMSE of 0.032 and of 0.056 cm³ cm-3, respectively. The AgroC model was then used to simulate the growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), silage maize (Zea mays L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in the 1- by 1-km study area. It was found that the simulated leaf area index (LAI) was affected by the magnitude of simulated water stress, which was a function of both the crop type and soil characteristics. Simulated LAI was generally consistent with the observed LAI calculated from normalized difference vegetation index (LAINDVI) obtained from RapidEye satellite data. Finally, maps of simulated agricultural yield were produced for four crops, and it was found that simulated yield matched well with actual harvest data and literature values. Therefore, it was concluded that the information obtained from geophysics-based soil mapping was valuable for practical agricultural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial aims to present the outcome of the Special Issue of Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management titled "Environmental, Social, Governance: implications for businesses and effects for stakeholders" (Engle et al., 2019). New implications for companies and for stakeholders associated with ESG rules and practices as well as suggestions to guide policy making, have been addressed in the Special Issue. BACKGROUND AND FOCUS OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE The number of firms that employ sustainability strategies and disclose Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) information is growing worldwide, as ESG concerns are rapidly increasing (Engle III et al., 2020). PAPERS SELECTED FOR THE SPECIAL ISSUE Two different perspectives were analyzed by the authors that contributed to this special issue: investment performance of ESG based funds, and corporate behavior in implementing ESG factors. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: Secretory carcinoma of the breast (SCB) is a rare histological type of breast carcinoma with a generally indolent clinical behaviour. We aim to elucidate the clinical, pathological and molecular findings of SCB cases and identify characteristics associated with aggressive clinical courses. Methods and results: Fourteen patients with SCB were identified, including 12 women and two men, with a median age of 56 years (range = 8–81 years). Clinical data, histological diagnosis, molecular findings and follow‐up were reviewed. Eight patients presented with palpable masses and four patients with radiographic abnormalities. All cases were unilateral. Surgical procedures included excisional biopsies and ipsilateral mastectomies. In 10 cases, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) results were obtained, with six cases positive for ER and three positive for PR. All cases lacked HER2 overexpression. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 10 cases, and two patients had axillary lymph node metastasis. Follow‐up ranged from 21 to 212 months (median = 70 months). Two patients developed distant metastasis of SCB. Molecular analysis of these aggressive tumours revealed amplification of the 16p13.3 locus, a TERT promotor mutation and loss of 9p21.3 locus. Review of the literature for SCB cases with distant metastasis was performed. Conclusions: Although SCBs are generally associated with a favourable prognosis, our study and review demonstrate that a subset of SCBs may develop distant metastases. Further studies are warranted to identify markers predictive of more aggressive clinical behaviour in this rare breast cancer subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Micropapillary variant of mucinous carcinoma of the breast (MPMC) is a rare histological form of oestrogen receptor (ER)‐positive invasive carcinoma that is characterised by micropapillary clusters of tumour cells in lakes of extracellular mucin. The aims of this study were to determine the genetic alterations underpinning MPMCs, and to determine whether they overlap with those of mucinous carcinomas and/or invasive micropapillary carcinomas. Methods and results: DNA from five MPMCs was subjected to whole‐exome sequencing. Somatic mutations, copy number alterations and mutational signatures were determined with state‐of‐the‐art bioinformatics methods. No mutations in genes significantly mutated in breast cancer, including TP53,PIK3CA,GATA3, and MAP3K1, were detected. We identified copy number alterations that have been reported in invasive micropapillary carcinomas, such as recurrent gains in 1q, 6p, 8q, and 10q, and recurrent losses in 16q, 11q, and 13q, as well as a recurrent 8p12–8p11.2 amplification encompassing FGFR1. Like mucinous carcinomas, three of the five MPMCs analysed lacked PIK3CA mutations, 1q gains, and 16q losses, which are the hallmark genetic alterations of ER‐positive breast cancers, whereas two MPMCs harboured 16q losses and/or a complex pattern of copy number alterations similar to those found in breast‐invasive micropapillary carcinomas. Conclusions: MPMCs are heterogeneous at the genetic level; some tumours show a pattern of somatic genetic alterations similar to those of mucinous carcinomas, whereas others resemble invasive micropapillary carcinomas at the genetic level. These findings suggest that MPMCs may not constitute one histological subtype, but rather a convergent phenotype that can stem from mucinous carcinomas or invasive micropapillary carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the association between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and company profitability, as measured by return on assets (ROA). We first assess a method to indexing the ESG score of a large sample of U.S. listed companies based on MSCI ESG KLD STATS data from 2000 to 2016. The statistical model is run on 17,358 observations and studies the association of ROA and the three different dimensions of ESG score. Significant differences between industrial firms and financial intermediaries emerge. We find a significant and positive association between ESG and that the environmental awareness in banks is strongly related to profitability, providing implications for policy makers and policy takers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the activity of five natural hydroxycinnamic acids and derived compound: caffeic (1), rosmarinic (2), chlorogenic (3), and cryptochlorogenic (4), acids and isoverbascoside (5). All compounds inhibited Leishmania amazonensis arginase with IC50 —in range of 1.5—11 μM. Compounds 2 and 5 also showed activity against promastigotes of L. amazonensis with IC50 = 61 (28–133) μM and IC50 = 14 (9–24) μM, respectively. Further computational studies applying molecular docking simulations were performed on the competitive inhibitors to gain insight into the molecular basis for arginase inhibition and could be exploited to the development of new antileishmanials drug targeting parasite arginase. Cinnamic acids derived compounds inhibited Leishmania arginase. Free binding energies (ΔGbind) indicate higher affinity with the parasite arginase rather than human arginase. Compound 5 showed better result against promastigotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: How to flexibly manage complex applications across heterogeneous cloud platforms is one of the main concerns in today's IT enterprise. The OASIS standard TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) and the Docker ecosystem are two emerging solutions trying to address this problem from different perspectives. In this paper, we propose a solution that tries to synergically combine the pros of both TOSCA and of Docker. More precisely, we propose a TOSCA‐based representation for specifying the software components and the Docker containers forming an application. We also present TosKer, an engine for orchestrating the management of multicomponent applications based on the proposed TOSCA representation and on Docker. Finally, we illustrate how TosKer was fruitfully exploited in a concrete case study based on a third‐party application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]