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Purpose To show how failure to diagnose correctly uveitis with micro‐granulomatous keratic precipitates and vitritis can have potentially severe and even deadly consequences. Methods Case presentations. Results Illustrative cases will show how important it is to diagnose an ubiquitously occurring granulomatous uveitis and crucial elements will be given to avoid to miss the diagnosis. Conclusion A meticulous clinical examination is the key to a successful uveitis practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose It is not always known that Interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) tests can also react with some non‐tuberculous atypical strains of mycobacteria (NTM). The aim of this work was to review the cross‐reactivity of IGRA tests and its consequences in a case of with a positive IGRA test associated with of a non‐tuberculous mycobacterium (M. kansasii). Methods Report of a 66 year old male uveitis patient with cystoid macular oedema and occult bilateral indocyanine green angiography‐detected choroiditis resistant to inflammation suppressive therapy. A QuantiFERON®‐TB Gold test was positive indicating exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Before starting antibiotic treatment cultures from bronchial aspirates was performed yielding the agent Mycobacterium kansasii. A review of cross‐reactivity of IGRA tests with non‐tuberculous atypical mycobacteria was performed. Results Drug‐sensitivity of Mycobacterium kansasii was found to be equal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis although a longer duration of therapy is recommended. The patient was treated with anti‐tuberculous drugs for 18 months. Uveitis responded to treatment within three months. A review showed that there are at least 7 NTM strains that cross‐react with IGRA tests some of which do not respond to classical anti‐tuberculous therapy. Conclusion A positive IGRA test is a support for diagnosing tuberculous uveitis. However, these tests cross‐react with NTM atypical strains, some of which do not respond to classical anti‐tubercultuberculous therapy with deleterious consequences if an adequate therapy is not given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To evaluate an describe vitreo‐retinal interactions by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Fuchs' uveitis. Methods Retrospective study including 29 patients (31 eyes) with Fuchs' uveitis who underwent OCT evaluation. Vitreo‐retinal interface was analyzed and morphological changes described and compared to the normal controlateral eye (except 2 bilateral cases). Results Vitreo‐retinal modifications were seen on OCT in 90% of Fuchs' uveitis patients. The main vitreo‐retinal interactions that could be described were : retinal surface fibrosis (43.3%), epiretinal membrane (33.3%), vitreo‐retinal traction (23.3%), foveal vitreous opacity (23.3%). Conclusion Vitreous involvement is a characteristic feature of Fuchs' uveitis with cellular infiltration and/or vitreous opacification, moreover, these OCT findings show that there is a high prevalence of vitreoretinal abnormalities in Fuchs' uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To assess the potential of ICGA in the monitoring of treatment of acute Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease by detecting early recurrences. Methods Retrospective/prospective study including patients in the initial acute phase of VH disease treated early with high dose inflammation suppressive therapy who were followed by indocyanine green angiography. (ICGA) at regular intervals. Results The angiographic characteristics of ICGA in VKH in acute phase include hypofluorescent dark dots, fuzzy leaking choroidal vessels in the early and intermediate angiographic phase followed by diffuse choroidal hypperfluorescence in the late phase, and in very severe inflammation disc hyperfluorescence and pinpoints with subretinal fluid can be seen. All those signs disappear with early and intensive anti‐inflammatory therapy. ICGA was effective in objectively detecting recurrence in apparently controlled disease by showing re‐appearence of choroidal lesions (mainly dark dots) before biomicroscopy or fluorescein angiography manifestations, allowing early and fine adjustement of treatment during tapering period. Conclusion By detecting subclinical choroidal inflammatory lesions ICGA allows detection of subtle recurrent lesion and refine therapeutic adjustement in order to avoid evolution toward chronic form and prevent sunset glow fundus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To relate patterns of progression and role of tuberculosis (TB) infection in serpiginous choroiditis (SC) by reviewing a series of cases of SC seen at Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Lausanne, Switzerland and at the Ophthalmology Department of Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy. Methods Retrospective review of clinical data, visual field (VF), fluorescein angiographic (FA), indocyanine green angiographic (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and TB infectious status in cases of SC. Results In the time span of 9 years 16 SC cases were seen in the two centres. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) revealed positivity for latent tubercular infection in 11 out of 16 patients. Patterns of evolution under immunosuppressive therapy differed between the TB positive and TB negative cases Conclusion Even in non endemic areas TB infection, as a cause of SC has to be excluded. Typical behaviour of TB related SC is relentless progression despite immunosuppressive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]