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Introduction: Global public health recommendations advise limiting the intake of red and processed meats. There is a need for more comprehensive information on meat consumption in Australia, specifically usual intake of meat from a nationally representative sample. The aim of this study was to use the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to examine usual meat intakes in the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS). Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the cross‐sectional 2011–12 NNPAS, which contains observations for 12 153 respondents (9341 adults and 2812 children/adolescents). Usual consumption of all meat, red and processed meats was calculated using the NCI method. Consumption of meat was explored by age and gender groups, as well as by household type. Results: Amongst adults and children/adolescents, consumption of all meat was significantly higher in males (adults: 187.1 g day−1; children/adolescents: 125.0 g day−1) than females (adults: 125.5 g day−1; children/adolescents: 95.4 g day−1). Similar patterns were observed for red (males: adults 85.5 g day−1, children/adolescents 42.9 g day−1; females: adults 57.1 g day−1, children/adolescents 34.9 g day−1) and processed meat, although intakes of processed meats in children and adolescents (males: 26.5 g day−1; females: 16.8 g day−1) were found to be similar to those of adults aged ≥19 years (males: 28.3 g day−1; females: 15.3 g day−1). Patterns of meat consumption across household types appeared to differ between genders. Conclusions: The present study suggests that Australians are likely to be exceeding population recommendations for meat intakes, with differing patterns observed across gender and household types. These findings highlight a need for targeted dietetic and population strategies aimed at promoting a healthy consumption of meats within the Australian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of CAT-354, an anti-IL-13 human monoclonal IgG4 antibody, following subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration., Methods: This was a single-dose, randomized, open-label, parallel-group bioavailability study. Healthy male subjects aged 20-54 years were randomly assigned to one of three dose groups (n= 10/group) to receive CAT-354: 150 mg i.v.; 150 mg s.c. or 300 mg s.c. (two 150 mg injections). Serum pharmacokinetics, adverse events (AEs), vital signs, electrocardiograms and laboratory parameters were assessed., Results: CAT-354 showed bioavailability of 62% and 60% after 150 mg and 300 mg s.c. doses, respectively, and linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range tested. Peak serum concentrations in the s.c. groups occurred after 3-9 (median 5) days, with a mean elimination half-life of 19.2 +/- 3.1 days (150 mg) and 19.4 +/- 3.59 days (300 mg) after s.c. and 21.4 +/- 2.46 days after i.v. administration. Volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)) was 4960 +/- 1440 ml kg(-1) after i.v. (slightly greater than plasma volume). Average apparent clearances (CL/F) were 292 +/- 82.3 and 307 +/- 109 ml day(-1) after 150 and 300 mg s.c., respectively; systemic CL of 188 +/- 84.0 ml day(-1) after i.v. dosing was consistent with endogenous IgG and reticuloendothelial elimination. No severe or serious AEs occurred. Among 40 reported AEs, 25 were headache, sinus disorders/respiratory symptoms and changes in body temperature perception., Conclusions: CAT-354 exhibited bioavailability of approximately 60% when given s.c. to healthy male subjects.

Study Objective: To determine the absolute bioavailability of cilomilast, and assess the effects of food, dosing time, and coadministration of antacid agents on its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers., Setting: Clinical pharmacology unit., Design: Five prospective pharmacokinetic studies: one single-blind, dose-escalating, placebo-controlled trial; four open-label, randomized studies., Subjects: Ninety-six healthy adult volunteers who were nonsmokers., Intervention: In the first study, four subjects received intravenous cilomilast 1, 2, and 4 mg. In the second study, 16 subjects received oral cilomilast 15 mg or intravenous cilomilast 4 mg. In the other three studies, a total of 76 subjects were given single oral 15-mg doses; one study compared its effects in fed versus fasted subjects, one looked for differences of morning versus evening dosing, and one examined coadministration with aluminum hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide., Measurements and Main Results: After intravenous administration of cilomilast, plasma concentrations increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner; the half-life, approximately 6.5 hours, was dose independent. Cilomilast clearance and volume of distribution were small. After oral dosing, the absolute bioavailability was consistently close to 100%. Absorption was slower in fed subjects than in fasted (median 2-hr delay in time to reach maximum plasma concentration, average 39% reduction in maximum plasma concentration), but the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (systemic availability) was unaffected. Pharmacokinetic parameters were not influenced by time of dosing or coadministration of antacid., Conclusion: The absolute bioavailability of oral cilomilast was 100%; it was not adversely affected by time of dosing or coadministration with food or antacid.