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Different types of natural K+ channels share similar core modules and cation permeability characteristics. In this study, we have developed novel artificial K+ channels by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems. All the channels displayed high selectivity for K+ over Na+ and exhibited a selectivity sequence of K+≈Rb+ during the transport process, which is highly consistent with the cation permeability characteristics of natural K+ channels. More importantly, these artificial channels could be efficiently inserted into cell membranes and mediate the transmembrane transport of K+, disrupting the cellular K+ homeostasis and eventually triggering the apoptosis of cells. These findings demonstrate that, by rebuilding the core modules of natural K+ channels in artificial systems, the structures, transport behaviors, and physiological functions of natural K+ channels can be mimicked in synthetic channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique reactivity and synthetic applications of oxime acetate derivatives with N, O and S substituents at the α-position are disclosed for the first time, which leads to 2-substituted fulleropyrrolidines and mono- and disubstituted 1-fulleropyrrolines via copper-catalyzed redox-neutral N-heteroannulation reactions with C60. This transformation is operationally simple and has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Theoretical calculations at the level of B3LYP/6-31G(d) were performed to elucidate the chemoselectivity of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In water/PEG-400 the reactions proceed in nearly quantitative conversions within hours without the need of any additional phase transfer catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of acetoacetamides (I) with almost equimolar amounts of Selectfluor affords monofluorinated β-ketoamides (II), whilst the use of a double amount of Selectfluor for the fluorination of compound (Ib) leads to difluorinated derivative (III) as a single product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]