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Geographical place, socioeconomic status and citizenship matter in the context of climate change. The most vulnerable members of society are frequently the ones hardest hit by climate‐induced extreme events. Vulnerable communities often live in climate‐exposed locations, and have access to fewer resources to prepare for and respond to disasters. This is the case for Haitian migrants in The Bahamas—vulnerable communities located within a climate‐vulnerable country. Haitian communities were the locus of the majority of deaths and missing people attributed to the 2019 Hurricane Dorian and faced a series of distributional, procedural and recognition injustices. We investigate the historical factors and contemporary conditions of Haitian communities in The Bahamas that resulted in significant inequities, disproportional impacts and infractions of human rights by the Bahamian government. We show how this experience complexifies discourse on loss and damage and climate‐induced migration in small island developing states and exemplifies the need for human rights approaches to loss and damage that incorporate multi‐scalar dimensions of climate justice. We investigate the historical factors and contemporary conditions of Haitian communities in The Bahamas that resulted in significant inequities, disproportional impacts and infractions of human rights by the Bahamian government. We show how this experience complexifies discourse on loss and damage and climate‐induced migration in small island developing states and exemplifies the need for human rights approaches to loss and damage that incorporate multi‐scalar dimensions of climate justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, climate change vulnerability and loss and damage have been conceptualized as a narrow and linear pathway—with geographic and socioeconomic vulnerability leading to increasing incidents of loss and damage. However, this conceptualization falls short of considering how evolving and cumulative loss and damage affects the stability and economic security of island nations, contributes to development rollbacks and increases vulnerability to future climate impacts. We highlight the limitations of how relationships between vulnerability, loss and damage and development have been understood and applied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and consequently in the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to address these multi‐scalar, systemic and cumulative impacts. Other approaches consider relationships between climate change, vulnerability and larger developmental impacts, including the concept of a multidimensional vulnerability index (MVI). But experiences with MVI in other international forums have not been positive and may in fact put more pressure on developing countries to compete for limited financial resources. Introducing MVI into the UNFCCC system, may, therefore, be detrimental to Small Island Developing States and marginalize other developing countries. Instead, more pressure should be placed on developed countries to broaden their understanding of loss and damage and make more climate finance available to developing countries that are bearing the brunt of climate impacts. There may now be greater opportunity within the UNFCCC framework to address these cyclical and systemic aspects of loss and damage with new and enhanced financial arrangements for loss and damage, as well as the establishment of a loss and damage fund. We argue that these new institutional developments should include broader and cyclical concepts of loss and damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the issue of loss and damage within the international climate regime, examining its contemporary implications from the perspective of vulnerable countries. Topics include the impacts of climate change, the historical and contemporary perspectives of loss and damage at climate negotiations, and the challenges and potential solutions in operationalizing the loss and damage fund and funding arrangements.

The summer of 2017 can be characterized as the 'summer of loss and damage' for Caribbean small island developing States (SIDS) and other vulnerable countries. High‐profile extreme events such as Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated the Caribbean region. The summer saw some of the most powerful hurricanes ever recorded in the Atlantic hurricane season. The impacts of loss and damage have developmental impacts as they can lead to death, insecure livelihoods, conflict, degradation of natural resources, and can compound existing developmental vulnerabilities and negate prior development gains. As a result, loss and damage is jeopardizing existing development gains in vulnerable countries, leading to what the authors call an unvirtuous cycle of climate‐induced erosion of development and resilience in these States. The 23rd Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and related meetings provided an opportunity to focus on island States and their climate‐related vulnerability. Given the highly topical nature of loss and damage in 2017, it was anticipated that significant movement on loss and damage would occur. However, as a result of the sensitive and political nature of the issue of loss and damage, and evolving negotiation dynamics, only incremental and procedural progress was made by negotiators on this front, perhaps understandably given the restrictions of the Paris Agreement and its related COP decision. The three key 'asks' of developing countries on this topic were not addressed by the COP decision. As a result, SIDS may be left with limited options to fund and cope with increasingly debilitating impacts of loss and damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP; Moos and Lemke, 1984) was used to assess three long-stay settings within a geriatric hospital, one of which is a non-nursing unit committed to the philosophy of residents viewing the setting as their own home. Findings suggest positive outcomes for residents on the non-nursing unit, and support the view that types of care fostering independence and personal responsibility of elderly residents in their setting may be associated with increased mental functioning and activity. The lack of trained nursing staff had no detrimental effect on any measure of resident life, and some specific caring practices on the unit may be interpreted as having a positive outcome for residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of stressful event frequencies among different long-stay settings within a hospital for the elderly showed that staff with higher-ranking roles, regardless of their training, experienced certain stressful events more frequently than other staff members. Stressful event frequencies for a unit with only untrained care staff did not differ from frequencies for wards of trained nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study linked to the examination of the 'MEAP' as a measure of environments for the dementing, a procedure for measuring stress in the care of the dementing was designed and administered to staff caring for the dementing in three different facilities. Stress was attributed primarily to staff, resident, or environmental characteristics. Events were identified to which care staff of the dementing attributed their stress, and variables including type of staff training and experience, levels of dementia in residents and staff levels were discussed as possible contributors to the perception of events as stressful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP; Moos and Lemke, 1984) was used to assess a British sample of specialized environments for the dementing and elderly. Results supported the utility of the MEAP as a measurement tool, Shortcomings in the planning for such environments were identified, for example in the provision of adequate safety, prosthetic and orientational aids, and some assumptions about care priorities were challenged, such as the cruciality of 'integration' and the necessity for proximity to community facilities of units for the dementing. Comparisons with American normative data were made, with the most consistent finding being a more satisfactory provision of physical environment features in the American sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]