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Summary: Background: The association between physical activity and adiposity in preschool‐aged children is unclear. Objective: To assess the cross‐sectional association between objectively measured physical activity and body fat in preschool‐aged children. Methods: In the preschool review in an Australian birth cohort study (n = 1074), mean duration and time accumulated in ≥1‐min bouts of physical activity at light‐intensity (LPA), moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity (MVPA) and light‐ to vigorous‐intensity (LMVPA) were computed from accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) data. Percent body fat was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Associations between physical activity and percent body fat were examined by multiple regression, adjusted for accelerometer wear time, MVPA (in analyses of LPA), maternal body mass index (BMI) and maternal education. Results: A total of 450 participants (n = 450) had valid data. There was evidence of associations between physical activity and adiposity: each additional hour of LVPA was associated with 0.6% (CI95 –0.2%, 1.3%) higher body fat; ≥1‐min bouts of LPA was associated with 1.0% (CI95 0.1%, 1.9%) higher body fat; each additional hour of MVPA was associated with −0.8% (CI95 −1.6%, −0.1%) less body fat; and ≥1‐min bouts of MVPA was associated with −1.3% (CI95 −2.5%, −0.1%) body fat. Conclusions: Among a cohort of preschool‐aged children, there was evidence that more intensive physical activity assessed by an accelerometer is associated with reduced body fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Continuous outcome monitoring studies have been conducted by one group of researchers in the United States, mainly in university counselling clinics. We completed a systematic review of continuous outcome monitoring and feedback during psychological therapy and assessed the quality and methodological rigour of existing studies to examine if the findings might be applicable to psychological therapy settings in the United Kingdom. Methods An electronic database literature search was carried out on studies on or after 1990 to June 2013 using strict research criteria. Independent ratings of the quality of existing studies were undertaken. Results Ten studies with original data met inclusion criteria and two meta-analyses. Feedback improves outcomes for clients who are at risk of treatment failure but effect sizes diminish with more severe psychiatric populations. No study has followed up patients to assess maintenance of gains. Study quality is highly variable. Few studies included diagnostic information and details of randomization. Clinical Support Tools are thought to be helpful but how these were used was not described. Conclusions Although research in continuous monitoring and feedback of clinical outcomes shows promising results in counselling settings, study quality, and methodological issues set limitations on the generalizability of the findings. Practitioner points Feedback improves the outcome of therapy for young people with mild problems for those who are at risk of not improving with therapy., Feedback improves outcomes for those with more severe mental health problems but with reduced effect sizes., We do not know if improved outcomes are sustained., The generalizability of the findings may be limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores some of the practical issues likely to be faced by emergency physicians who seek to work in Great Britain. Advantages and disadvantages of working in the nation; Process of specialist registration.