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Aims Hyperglycaemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state) are medical emergencies in people with diabetes. We aimed to determine their incidence, recurrence and economic impact. Methods An observational study of hyperglycaemic crises cases using the database maintained by the out-of-hospital emergency service, the Healthcare Emergency Public Service ( EPES) during 2012. The EPES provides emergency medical services to the total population of Andalusia, Spain (8.5 million inhabitants) and records data on the incidence, resource utilization and cost of out-of-hospital medical care. Direct costs were estimated using public prices for health services updated to 2012. Results Among 1 137 738 emergency calls requesting medical assistance, 3157 were diagnosed with hyperglycaemic crises by an emergency coordinator, representing 2.9 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes [95% confidence intervals ( CI) 2.8 to 3.0]. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 2.5 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes (95% CI 2.4 to 2.6) and the incidence of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state was 0.4 cases per 1000 persons with diabetes (95% CI 0.4 to 0.5). In total, 17.7% ( n = 440) of people had one or more hyperglycaemic crisis. The estimated total direct cost was €4 662 151, with a mean direct cost per episode of €1476.8 ± 217.8. Conclusions Hyperglycaemic crises require high resource utilization of emergency medical services and have a significant economic impact on the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Hypoglycaemia is a serious medical emergency. The need for emergency medical service care and the costs of hypoglycaemic emergencies are not completely known. Methods This was a retrospective observational study using Public Company for Health Emergencies ( EPES) data for hypoglycaemia in 2012. The EPES provides emergency medical services to the entire population of Andalusia, Spain (8.5 million people). Data on event type, onsite treatments, emergency room visits or hospitalization were collected. Medical costs were estimated using the public rates for healthcare services. Results From a total of 1 137 738 emergency calls that requested medical assistance, 8683 had a primary diagnosis of hypoglycaemia (10.34 per 10 000 person-years). The incidence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring emergency treatment in the estimated population with diabetes was 810 episodes per 10 000 person-years. A total of 7479 episodes (86%) required an emergency team to visit the patient's residence. The majority of cases (64%) were addressed in the residence, although 1784 (21%) cases were transferred to hospital. A total of 5564 events (65%) involved patients aged > 65 years. Overall mortality was 0.32% (28 cases). The total annual cost of attending a hypoglycaemic episode was €6 093 507, leading to an estimated mean direct cost per episode of €702 ± 565. Episodes that required hospital treatment accounted for 49% of the total costs. Conclusions Hypoglycaemia is a common medical emergency that is associated with high emergency medical service utilization, resulting in a significant economic impact on the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to acrylates may give rise to rhinitis and asthma in both industrial and domestic environments. The mechanisms underlying these respiratory conditions caused by acrylates remain largely unknown. Methods: We studied two assembly operators exposed to cyanoacrylate glue who developed rhinitis and asthma symptoms. The causal relationship of these symptoms to cyanoacrylate glue exposure was investigated by serial peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring at work and off work. Moreover, inhalation testing was performed by asking the patients to mimic exposure at work with the cyanoacrylate glue in a 7-m3 challenge chamber. Results: Serial PEF monitoring at work and away from work was consistent with occupational asthma in both patients. The methacholine inhalation test was negative in patient 1 (off work) and showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patient 2. After 20-min exposure to cyanoacrylate, the patients had late and progressive asthmatic reactions, respectively, and the methacholine test became positive in patient 1. Induced-sputum samples obtained 3 and 24 h after the cyanoacrylate challenge showed a marked increase in sputum eosinophils. Conclusions: Exposure to cyanoacrylate in these patients provoked not only variable airflow limitation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but also pronounced eosinophilia in sputum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents two cases of fish allergy in children, in which the symptoms reappeared after a temporary tolerance in Spain. Result of the skin prick test performed on a child who suffered several episodes of maculoerythematous facial exanthema and facial angioedema after eating sole and hake; Fish-free diet recommended to a child who suffered several episodes of perioral erythema, lips edema and dysphonia after eating sole and hake; Suggestion to monitor the children with prick test and specific immunoglobulin E determinations for a few years during the tolerance period.

Examines the systemic allergic reaction by a human insulin analog. Symptoms of allergic reaction by human insulin; Application of desensitization protocol to regular human insulin.

Discusses the case of a 71-year-old female patient presenting with pigmented purpuric dermatosis due to pseudoephedrine. Clinical signs and symptoms; Disease background; Results of patch testing.

The article discusses on clinical cases involving patients who reported for contact dermatitis moments after applying an ointment called Furacin® in Madrid, Spain. It provides information on the elements that composed the ointment such as nitrofural. It emphasizes that nitrofural can cause serious allergic contact dermatitis, especially in patients with stasis eczema and other shin diseases.

Discusses results of a study investigating the food allergy of children to grapes or grape juice. Demographics of participants; Identification of an immunoglobulin E binding grape protein; Placebo; Oral allergy syndrome; Urticaria; Angioedema.

Reports a case of generalized contact dermatitis caused by Colposeptina, a chlorquinaldol vaginal ovule. Skin complications caused by the chlorquinaldol; Patch tests conducted on the patient to determine the cause of allergy; Examples of halogenated hydroquinolines which are used as topical antiseptic agents; Analysis on the occurrence of clioquinol contact allergy.

The article discusses on clinical cases involving patients who reported for contact dermatitis moments after applying an ointment called Furacin® in Madrid, Spain. It provides information on the elements that composed the ointment such as nitrofural. It emphasizes that nitrofural can cause serious allergic contact dermatitis, especially in patients with stasis eczema and other shin diseases.