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Objective: Homicide is the extreme endpoint along the continuum of interpersonal violence. Violence in healthcare settings and directed toward healthcare workers has been a growing concern. Analysis of health professionals' homicides is needed to inform prevention interventions. Methods: Decedent numbers, age, and sex in the National Violent Death Reporting System are reported for 10 types of health professionals: advance practice registered nurses, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physicians, physician assistants, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and veterinarians. Results: Between 2003 and 2020, 944 homicides of these professionals were reported to the NVDRS. Nearly 80% of victims were women; 53% of homicides involved guns. Nurses, social workers, physicians, and pharmacists comprised the most victims. In 2020, nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and psychologists had the highest homicide rates relative to their workforce size. Few of these homicides were related to professionals' work. The number of homicides within these professions correlated highly with the size of professions' workforces. Conclusions: Health professionals' homicides constitute a small proportion of US homicides generally at lower rates than seen in the general population. Age is likely one of the protective factors. Future, more comprehensive data will provide greater insights into emerging trends to inform strategies to mitigate homicide risk in health professionals. Prevention needs to go beyond healthcare settings and address societal roots of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Individuals seeking weight loss treatment have diverse pretreatment weight trajectories, and once enrolled, individuals' response to weight loss treatments also varies greatly and may be influenced by the presence of binge‐eating disorder (BED). Reported average weight losses may obscure these considerable differences. This study examined whether BED status and different weight‐related change variables are associated with successful weight loss treatment outcomes in a controlled treatment study. Method: Participants (N = 89) with overweight/obesity, with and without BED, participated in a 3‐month weight loss trial in primary care with 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. We tested the prognostic significance of four weight‐related change variables (the last supper, early weight loss, pretreatment weight trajectory, weight suppression) on outcomes (weight loss‐overall, weight loss‐“subsequent,” weight loss during second half of treatment). Results: Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss‐overall at post‐treatment, and at 3‐month and 12‐month follow‐up. Early weight loss was positively associated with weight loss‐subsequent at post‐treatment only. No other weight‐related variables were significantly associated with weight loss. Models including BED status and treatment condition were not significant. Discussion: Participants with early weight loss were more likely to continue losing weight, regardless of BED status or treatment condition. The results highlight the importance of early dedication to weight loss treatment to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Weight loss interventions have begun to receive increasing attention in primary care. Motivational interviewing (MI) is compatible with primary care because it requires relatively limited time and resources. Few studies, however, have examined the long-term impact of MI for weight loss in primary care, and none have used attention-control comparisons. This study was the first randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up of two Web-supported interventions: motivational interviewing and internet condition (MIC) and nutrition psychoeducation and internet condition (NPC).Methods: Fifty-nine patients with overweight or obesity, with and without binge-eating disorder (BED), were randomized to treatments and assessed at 12-month follow-up after completing 3-month treatments in primary care (15 months total).Results: Mixed models examining weight loss at 12 months revealed a group and time interaction effect trend (P = 0.054; d' = 0.57). Secondary end point analysis showed a decrease (-1.7%) versus an increase (1.3%) in weight at 12 months among NPC and MIC patients, respectively (P = 0.056; d' = 0.57). Overall, 5 of 44 (11.4%) participants lost or maintained 5% weight losses; differences between treatments were not significant. BED status did not impact weight loss.Conclusions: Two brief and scalable weight loss interventions resulted in small effect sizes for weight loss 12 months following treatment conclusion. Because MIC required significantly more resources for adequate implementation, NPC may be more cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined racial differences in eating-disorder psychopathology, eating/weight-related histories, and biopsychosocial correlates in women ( n = 53 Caucasian and n = 56 African American) with comorbid binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity seeking treatment in primary care settings. Caucasians reported significantly earlier onset of binge eating, dieting, and overweight, and greater number of times dieting than African American. The rate of metabolic syndrome did not differ by race. Caucasians had significantly elevated triglycerides whereas African Americans showed poorer glycaemic control (higher glycated haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and significantly higher diastolic blood pressure. There were no significant racial differences in features of eating disorders, depressive symptoms, or mental and physical health functioning. The clinical presentation of eating-disorder psychopathology and associated psychosocial functioning differed little by race among obese women with BED seeking treatment in primary care settings. Clinicians should assess for and institute appropriate interventions for comorbid BED and obesity in both African American and Caucasian patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Primary-care (PC) settings may be an opportune place to deliver obesity interventions. Scalable interventions utilizing motivational interviewing (MI), supported by Internet resources, may overcome obstacles to effective obesity treatment dissemination. This study was a randomized controlled trial testing two Web-supported interventions, motivational interviewing (MIC) and nutrition psychoeducation (NPC), an attention-control intervention, in comparison with usual care (UC). Methods Eighty-nine overweight/obese patients, with and without binge eating disorder (BED), were randomly assigned to MIC, NPC, or UC for 3 months in PC. Patients were assessed independently at post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. Results Weight, triglyceride levels, and depression scores decreased significantly in NPC when compared to UC but not MIC; UC and MIC did not differ significantly. Weight loss results maintained at 3-month follow-up: approximately 25% MIC and NPC patients achieved at least 5% weight loss which did not differ by BED status. Fidelity ratings were high and treatment adherence was associated with weight loss. Conclusions This is the first randomized controlled trial in PC testing MI for weight loss to include an attention-control intervention (NPC). NPC, but not MIC, showed a consistent pattern of superior benefits relative to UC. BED status was not associated, but treatment adherence was associated, with weight loss outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We conducted a systematic review to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on ulcer healing compared to usual treatment and/or sham stimulation. This systematic review also aimed to investigate the effect of different types of electrical stimulation on ulcer size reduction. Materials and Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL) were searched from inception to October 2013 on randomised controlled trials ( RCTs), in English and on human subjects, which assessed the effect of electrical stimulation on ulcer size as compared to standard care and/or sham stimulation. Data from included RCTs were pooled with use of fixed and random effects meta-analysis of the weighted mean change differences between the comparator groups. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 statistic. Results Twenty-one studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In six trials ( n = 210), electrical stimulation improved mean percentage change in ulcer size over total studies periods by 24·62%, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 19·98-29·27, P < 0·00001 with no heterogeneity. In three trials ( n = 176), electrical stimulation insignificantly improved mean weekly change in ulcer size by 1·64%, 95% ( CI) −3·81 to 7·09, P = 0·56 with significant heterogeneity ( I2 = 96%, P < 0·00001). In six trials ( n = 266), electrical stimulation decreased ulcer size by 2·42 cm2, 95% ( CI) 1·66-3·17, P < 0·00001, with significant heterogeneity. In one trial ( n = 16), electrical stimulation also insignificantly improved the mean daily percentage change in ulcer size by 0·63%, 95% ( CI) −0·12 to 1·37, P = 0·10, with significant heterogeneity. Conclusions Electrical stimulation appears to increase the rate of ulcer healing and may be superior to standard care for ulcer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine weight changes in obese patients with binge-eating disorder (BED) during the year before seeking treatment and to explore correlates of weight changes. Method: Seventy-eight consecutive, treatment-seeking, obese BED patients were assessed with structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. Results: Overall, participants reported a mean weight gain of 15.1 pounds during the 12 months before treatment. This overall weight gain comprised remarkable heterogeneity, ranging from a 30- pound loss to a 53-pound gain. The subgroup of participants who reported gaining weight (76% of sample) reported gaining an average of 22.2 pounds during the 12 months before treatment. Weight change was associated with significantly more frequent binge eating and overeating during breakfasts. Discussion: Treatment-seeking obese patients with BED reported having gained substantial amounts of weight during the previous year. These findings provide an important context for interpreting the modest weight losses typically reported by treatment studies of BED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Given the prevalence and health significance of binge eating disorder (BED) it is important to determine if time-efficient self-reports can adequately assess BED and its features in primary care settings. We compared the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Questionnaire for Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R), administered to obese patients with BED in primary care setting to the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Method: Sixty-six participants completed the questionnaires and were interviewed. Results: The EDE interview was significantly correlated with the EDE-Q (binge eating, four subscales, and global score) and the QEWP-R (binge eating, distress, and body image). The EDE-Q yielded significantly lower estimates of binge eating and significantly higher scores on the EDE subscales. The QEWP-R yielded significantly higher scores on the behavioral indicators and distress about binge eating and body image variables. Discussion: These findings suggest that these two self-report measures have potential utility for identifying BED in obese patients in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess a single dose of intraoperative beta radiation used to enhance the success rate of trabeculectomy in a population of low-risk glaucoma patients in whom antimetabolites might not be indicated. Methods: A prospective randomized trial of 65 eyes was designed, with 31 eyes receiving 750 rads of intraoperative beta radiation (group 1), and 34 eyes receiving no supplementation (group 2). Results: Mean follow-up time was 24 months. Mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 12.2 mmHg in group 1, and 13.7 mmHg in group 2 (P = 0.16). Mean decrease in intraocular pressure was 10.3 mmHg in group 1, and 9.3 mmHg in group 2 (P = 0.49).The two groups were not significantly different in terms of surgical complications. Conclusion: For this population of low-risk patients, there was no significant difference in outcome after applications of a single intraoperative dose of beta radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as featured in previous publications of "Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology." Economic impact of the disease; Efforts expended in research treatments; Prevalence of the disease in elderly.