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These monoclonal antibodies include casirivimab/imdevimab (previously recommended for mild or moderate COVID-19 and seronegative patients with severe COVID-19), regdanvimab and sotrovimab (previously recommended for mild or moderate COVID-19) and tixagevimab/cilgavimab (previously recommended for mild or moderate COVID-19 and for patients with severe COVID-19 but not mechanically ventilated). Australian National Clinical Evidence Taskforce COVID-19 drug treatment guidelines: challenges of producing a living guideline Keywords: Guidelines as topic; COVID-19 EN Guidelines as topic COVID-19 197 199 3 09/05/23 20230904 NES 230904 The National Clinical Evidence Taskforce (NCET) established coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drug treatment guidelines in March 2020 to provide clinicians with living evidence-based recommendations for the care of patients with COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: CD4+ T cells are critical mediators of immunity to Plasmodium spp. infection, but their characteristics during malarial episodes and immunopathology in naturally infected adults are poorly defined. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs from patients with either P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria revealed a pronounced population of CD4+ T cells co‐expressing very high levels of CD4 and CD38 we have termed CD4hiCD38hi T cells. We set out to gain insight into the function of these novel cells. Methods: CD4+ T cells from 18 patients with P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria were assessed by flow cytometry and sorted into populations of CD4hiCD38hi or CD4norm T cells. Gene expression in the sorted populations was assessed by qPCR and NanoString. Results: CD4hiCD38hi T cells expressed high levels of CD4 mRNA and canonical type 1 regulatory T‐cell (TR1) genes including IL10, IFNG, LAG3 and HAVCR2 (TIM3), and other genes with relevance to cell migration and immunomodulation. These cells increased in proportion to malaria disease severity and were absent after parasite clearance with antimalarials. Conclusion: In naturally infected adults with acute malaria, a prominent population of type 1 regulatory T cells arises that can be defined by high co‐expression of CD4 and CD38 (CD4hiCD38hi) and that correlates with disease severity in patients with falciparum malaria. This study provides fundamental insights into T‐cell biology, including the first evidence that CD4 expression is modulated at the mRNA level. These findings have important implications for understanding the balance between immunity and immunopathology during malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the case of a 24-year old man who was presented with measles after returning from the World Cup in South Africa in July 2010. The patient was advised to be placed in respiratory isolation after measles virus RNA was detected. He reported having vaccinations in measles, mumps, and rubella during childhood but failed to have follow-up vaccinations. The common syndrome presented among travelers from South Africa is the systemic febrile illness. The incubation period usually takes about seven to 10 days.