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Microbial biofilms play a dominant role in the failure of endodontic therapies. Bacterial adhesion is the first step in the establishment of biofilms, activating the host immune response leading to tissue damage. Biosurfactants are microbe‐derived tensioactive molecules with latent anti‐adhesive and anti‐microbial activity. This study reports the extraction and characterization of a biosurfactant from Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum (Lp‐BS) and investigates its anti‐microbial and anti‐adhesive properties compared to rhamnolipid, a commercially available biosurfactant. Lp‐BS, extracted from L. plantarum during the growth phase, was characterized as a glycoprotein, able to reduce surface tension and emulsify non‐polar liquids. Proteomic analysis of Lp‐BS identified three bacterial adhesin‐like proteins, suggesting roles in hindering bacterial adhesion. Lp‐BS did not show significant anti‐microbial activity against endodontic pathogens from the Streptococcus (Strep.) anginosus group or Enterococcus (Ent.) faecalis at 50 mg/ml. However, anti‐adhesive activity on abiotic surfaces was observed against both Strep. anginosus and Strep. intermedius. Rhamnolipid exhibited strong anti‐microbial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.097 mg/ml against Strep. anginosus, and 0.048 mg/ml against Strep. constellatus and Strep. intermedius, in addition to a marked anti‐adhesive activity. These findings offer preliminary evidence for the potential application of biosurfactants as an anti‐microbial and/or anti‐adhesive pharmacotherapy in endodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a study of Sevuparin, a drug that is chemically derived from heparin and in which most of the anticoagulant activity has been removed while retaining the anti-adhesive effect. Topic discusses about drug which blocks adhesion of sickle red blood cells and sickleleucocyte on immobilized L-selectin in a dose dependent manner; and study related to sevuparin dose response of sickle whole blood adhesion and sickle leucocyte dynamic adhesion to L-selectin.

BACKGROUND Surface water possesses numerous microbial pathogens due to domestic disposal and poor sanitation. Most of the available conventional disinfection techniques are cost intensive and energy consuming. Being cost effective and environmentally friendly, membrane separation proves to be a better disinfection technology. However, fouling is the major challenge of this technology reducing its throughput. This study highlights preparation of fouling resistant chitosan coated iron oxide polyacrylonitrile ( PAN) mixed matrix membrane ( MMM) for disinfection of surface water. RESULTS In this work, antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of MMM are explored for disinfection of pond water with high organic load. Significance of incorporating nanoparticles and a coating of chitosan on removal of microorganisms was investigated. Adsorption of Escherichia coli on MMM was quantified and confirmed by FTIR. Improved antimicrobial properties of MMM against Escherichia coli was evident by a wider halo zone (7 cm). Up to 99.9% removal efficiency of microorganisms was attained. The membrane permeability was restored by simple cleaning with distilled water. CONCLUSION The MMM developed not only exhibited strong antimicrobial efficiency but also showed significant anti-adhesive property making it a suitable candidate for purification of surface water. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm matrices formed by irreversibly surface-anchored bacteria cause significant economic damage in the industrial and biomedical environments. The ubiquity of biofilms promotes increased investment in the development of technologies that will impede bacteria-surface association. Certain surface topographical fabrications may aid in preventing colonization. Herein, algal-secreted polysaccharide (Ps) biomaterial patches and metal complex films (MCF) are examined for their anti- Acinetobacter baumannii and anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm properties. Ps moderately reduces biofilm formation; the Cu-MCF coating has significant anti-biofim activity while Zn-MCF had no effect. A mechanistic examination of these effects shows a two-fold greater coverage of the anti-adhesive surface of Cu-MCF than that of the control due to the induction of swarming motility, thus impeding bacterial transformation to the irreversibly attached state. Chemical compositions of the coatings and the interactions between coating components are examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Cu-MCF surface morphology comprises protruding needle-like structures up to 100 nm in height that are lacking in both the Ps and the Zn-MCF. Their presence in an aqueous solution is yet unproven and role in preventing their bacterial attachment open to speculation. The present study highlights the need to generate novel biomaterials that integrate naturally occurring anti-adhesive polymers with specific metal ions to improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of these anti-adhesive surfaces. Cu-MCF complexes fabricated with thermal and pressure stability to prevent metal ion leakage hold promise for a broad spectrum of industrial and medical anti-biofilm applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]