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Relationship‐oriented human resource management (HRM) contributes to organizational functioning by promoting employee relationships, coordination, and cooperation. We propose unit‐level positive affective climate as a motivational mechanism through which relationship‐oriented HR systems can positively influence unit service quality and relationships with beneficiaries, and prevent individual emotional exhaustion. Moreover, we propose collective occupational calling serves as an alternative motivational source that can substitute for the positive effects of positive affective climate. In analyzing a sample composed of 742 nurses from 48 nursing units of two hospitals in China with data collection at three time points before and after the COVID‐19 outbreak, our results supported the substituting effects of unit‐level collective occupational calling on positive affective climate stemmed from relationship‐oriented HR systems. Our study connects strategic HRM and motivation research by shedding light on an affective mechanism from relationship‐oriented HR systems and the contingencies involving employees' various sources of motivation, such as occupational calling. We further discuss theoretical and practical implications of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal patches utilized for the transduction of biopotentials and biomechanical signals are pivotal in wearable health monitoring. However, the shortcomings, such as inferior conformal ability, deficient adhesion, and motion artifacts, severely impede the bioelectrodes from perceiving stable and superior‐quality physiological signals. Herein, a polymer epidermal patch possessing a spontaneous Janus structure is facilely prepared through itaconic acylhydrazine (IAH) induced gradient polymerization. The solubility discrepancy of the monomers in IAH authorized the Janus structure with distinct adhesion properties on each side. Moreover, the hydrogen bond network constructed by IAH confers the polymer with a high degree of skin compliance, enabling dynamic and stable mechanical properties to withstand complex monitoring environments. By integrating skin‐like softness (Young's modulus ≈0.16 MPa), robust adhesion (35 kPa), and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (32 dB), this epidermal patch displays exceptional elasticity within the physiological activity spectrum, provides swift electrical and mechanical self‐recovery capabilities, and resists interference in dynamic signal monitoring (deformation, compression, humidity, etc.). By demonstrating multifaceted applications for Electrocardiogram recording under diverse disturbances, the epidermal patch profiles a promising noninvasive, enduring wearable bioelectronic interface with immunity to interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A meta‐analysis study was conducted to determine how to predict the effect of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Hypothesis: Long‐term mortality and cardiovascular morbidity are linked to postoperative atrial fibrillation. Method: Until August 2024, a comprehensive literature study was completed, and 3486 connected studies were revised. The 38 selected studies included 241 299 cardiac surgery participants at the beginning of the study. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to look at the effect of atrial fibrillation after heart surgery using two‐sided methods and either a fixed or random model. Results: Individuals with cardiac surgery with postoperative atrial fibrillation had significantly higher mortality at 1 year (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12–1.72, p < 0.001), mortality at 5 years (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.33–1.94, p < 0.001), mortality at 10 years (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39–1.87, p < 0.001), and overall stroke (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.34–1.94, p < 0.001) compared to without postoperative atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Individuals with cardiac surgery with postoperative atrial fibrillation had significantly higher mortality at 1 year, mortality at 5 years, mortality at 10 years, and overall stroke compared to those without postoperative atrial fibrillation. To validate this discovery, more research and caution must be implemented when interacting with its values. Summary: Postoperative atrial fibrillation is the most frequent side effect following heart surgery. Although postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs in 20%–40% of individuals following heart surgery, its effect on long‐term results following heart surgery is not fully established.Individuals with cardiac surgery with postoperative atrial fibrillation had significantly higher mortality at 1 year, mortality at 5 years, mortality at 10 years, and overall stroke compared to those without postoperative atrial fibrillation.To validate this discovery, more research and caution must be implemented when interacting with its values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superplastic deformation behavior of 2 mm Ti60 sheet is studied, and the constitutive equation of superplastic deformation is established. The results show that when the strain rate is 5.00 × 10−3 s−1 and the temperature is 950 °C, the maximum superplastic elongation reaches 400%. Through the analysis of the true strain–true stress curve, it is found that the average apparent activation energy (Q) is 490.783 kJ mol−1 and the average strain rate sensitivity (m) is 0.49. Dynamic spheroidization (DG) promotes the transformation of lath α phase to equiaxed α phase. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) promotes the generation of high‐angle grain boundaries (θ > 15°). After deformation, the strength of R‐type textures changes significantly. From the grip to the tip, the strength of R‐type texture gradually weakens, which is mainly caused by the rotation of grains during deformation. The deformation mechanism of Ti60 sheet is dominated by grain boundary sliding, and is coordinated by grain growth, DG, DRX, dislocation motion, and grain rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence imaging (FI) employing near‐infrared (NIR) light within the range of ~750–1350 nm enables biomedical imaging several millimeters beneath the tissue surface. More recent investigations into the short‐wave IR (SWIR) transparency windows between ~1550–1870 and 2100–2300 nm highlight their superior capabilities. This research presents a comparison of IR‐FI of PbS quantum dots, emitting at 990, 1310, and 1580 nm, through the mouse scalp skin, skull, and brain. The SWIR fluorescence is the most effectively transmitted signal, showing particularly significant enhancement when passing through the skull, which causes high light scattering. For the analysis of the imaging results and light propagation through the organs, their spectra of attenuation, absorption, and scattering coefficients are measured. In view of biomedical imaging, attenuation due to light scattering is a more destructive factor. Hence, the spatial resolution and imaging contrast can be improved by operating in SWIR due to decreased light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Flaxseed lignans, types of polyphenolic compounds, primarily consist of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Natural plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as feed for ruminant animals. An underutilized plant bioactive component, SDG shows promising benefits for young ruminant production. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of SDG on rumen fermentation using an in vitro rumen simulation technology. Additionally, we tested the effects of SDG (0.20 g kg−1 body weight) on rumen development and production performance of lambs in a production setting. RESULTS: The in vitro addition of 100 mg L−1 SDG demonstrated significant regulatory effects, with a notable decrease in the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Feeding trials revealed that SDG significantly increased average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain (P < 0.05), and reduced the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.05). This led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium (P = 0.038) and Butyrivibrio (P = 0.002). Furthermore, it promoted rumen development and upregulated the relative expression of mRNA of Cyclin E1 and CDK2 in rumen epithelial cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The SDG extract optimizes the composition of rumen microbiota and the development of rumen epithelial cells, promoting the growth of pre‐weaning lambs. The SDG additive exhibits potential as a novel growth promoter for ruminant animals, offering a promising solution for sustainable livestock production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal faults occur in the continuous operation of electrical equipment. This poses a threat to the stable operation of power systems. However, existing detection methods do not apply to large‐scale temperature measurement scenarios due to high cost and poor stability. To solve the above problems, a reversible thermochromic microcapsule is proposed in this work. Silicone rubber composite can be endowed with thermal sensing capability by doping an appropriate amount of thermochromic microcapsules inside the silicone rubber matrix. The test results showed that the color of the obtained thermochromic composites changed sensitively with the change in external temperature. The material undergoes a sudden color change at about 50°C achieving a reversible color change from blue to colorless. The color difference before and after the color change can be up to 37.24. In addition, the color difference shows an exponential decay trend with time. When the dopant concentration of the microcapsules is 1.5 wt%, the composite material shows excellent color‐changing performance, and the insulation strength is increased by 6.92% compared with the pure silicone rubber. Meanwhile, the water contact angle of the composite is 115.3°, which proves that it has good hydrophobicity. Notably, the thermochromic composite also showed excellent weathering properties in thermal aging experiments. The thermochromic microcapsule proposed in this work can realize the visualization of the local overheating state of the electrical equipment, which provides a new idea for the application of thermal fault prewarning of the electrical equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that regulates the clearance of paternal substrate at the early embryogenesis stage of animals. However, its mode of action is likely different in plants, which can regenerate through apomixis without fertilisation.Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a unique plant process widely used for plant propagation and germplasm utilisation. Here, we studied citrus as an example and found a higher autophagic activity after SE initiation. Interestingly, amyloplasts were frequently found inside autophagosomes, whereas the inhibition of autophagy blocks amyloplasts/starch degradation and hinders somatic embryo formation.Furthermore, the consumption of storage lipids was faster in autophagy mutants, suggesting lipid metabolism is activated when starch utilisation is blocked. Exogenous application of autophagy‐inducing chemicals (e.g. spermidine) significantly promoted the formation of autophagosomes and increased SE efficiency, indicating a positive correlation between autophagy, energy metabolism, and somatic embryo formation in citrus.Taken together, our study unveils a pathway for the degradation of plant‐specific organelles and provides an effective approach for plant propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern transportation systems, network‐wide traffic flow estimation is crucial for informed decision making, strategic infrastructure planning, and effective traffic management. While the limited availability of observed road‐segment traffic flow data presents a significant challenge, the emerging collection of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) speed data across the entire network provides an alternative method for estimating the missing traffic flow information. To this end, this paper introduces a novel approach to estimating network‐wide road‐segment traffic flow. This approach takes advantage of the abundantly available GNSS speed data, coupled with only sparsely observed traffic flow samples. By integrating the principles of dynamic traffic assignment models with sparse recovery techniques, we formulate the problem of traffic flow estimation as a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) optimization task. The efficacy and practical applicability of our proposed method are validated through evaluations using both hypothetical and real‐world case studies. The experimental findings exhibit a close alignment between the estimated and ground‐truth link flows across different time periods. Additionally, the method consistently produces low mean estimation errors for the majority of road segments, underlining the potential for our approach in effectively managing traffic flow estimation for large‐scale road networks, particularly in situations characterized by data scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The dispersion and interfacial compatibility of carbon nanotubes, as inorganic nonpolar materials, within the organic polar polyamide matrix are crucial for the performance of composite materials. This article reviews the surface modification of carbon nanotubes, common methods for fabricating carbon nanotube/polyamide composites, and their impact on composites properties. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the field of carbon nanotube/polyamide research. CNTs' van der Waals forces and aspect ratio cause agglomeration, hindering dispersion. Inorganic CNTs' nonpolar nature weakens affinity and interfacial bonding with polar PA. Nonpolar CNTs reduce affinity and weaken bonding with polar PA. The interface enables PA‐CNT interaction, crucial for load transfer in composites. Surface‐modified CNTs introduce functional groups, enhancing interfacial bonding with PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional polymer materials are extensively applied to regulate the crystallization process of perovskite films. However, a comprehensive understanding of the correlations among spatial structure of polymers, crystallization modulation, and device performance is still lacking. Here, a restricted assembly strategy is proposed to prepare high‐quality perovskite films by systematically studying the effect of space configurations of polymers on modulating the crystallization of cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite. The results confirm the importance of high backbone coplanar space configurations in promoting nucleation, accelerating phase transitions, and enhancing crystalline orientation. The polymer with the high backbone coplanar structure not only facilitates the formation of uniform and dense nucleation sites by precisely controlling the spatial distribution of colloidal particles but also enhances the crystal orientation through the orientational growth induced by the coplanar structure. As a result, the efficiency of the CsPbI3 solar cells increases from 17.84% to 20.39%. Additionally, the unencapsulated devices show excellent storage and operational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has explored the associations between anxiety, depression, and academic burnout primarily from a variable‐level perspective. However, there is limited understanding of which symptoms might play a significant role in anxiety, depression, and academic burnout among adolescents at different stages. Methods: This study included 7,286 adolescents aged 10 to 18. Questionnaires assessed participants' anxiety, depression, and academic burnout. Network analysis was conducted on the overall sample and segmented by early, middle, and late adolescence to explore relationships between symptoms and variations in symptom expression across these stages, aiming to propose effective interventions targeting anxiety, depression, and academic burnout symptoms in early, middle, and late adolescence. Results: The study found that "feeling that studying is meaningless" emerged as a core symptom in the overall sample. Additionally, "acting or speaking slowly" emerged as a core symptom in early adolescence, while "the thought of dying or hurting" and "feeling bad about yourself, letting your family down" were prominent in middle adolescence, and "easily annoyed or irritable" and "feeling tired" may be prioritized in late adolescence. The varying central symptoms across different adolescent stages suggest the need for targeted interventions. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of interventions tailored to specific symptoms to meet the unique needs of adolescents at different developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the microarchitecture and crystalline composition of sialoliths and to explore their formation mechanisms.Sixty‐six sialolith samples (51 from the submandibular glands and 15 from the parotid glands) were retrospectively collected. Their diameter and quality were measured. Micro‐computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and polycrystalline X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) were utilized to determine their microstructure and crystalline composition.Stone diameter and weight averaged at 9.6 mm and 0.31 g, respectively. Submandibular stones showed larger size and weight than parotid stones. Microstructurally, the main stones were concentric (n = 51) or mixed (n = 15). Most concentric stones occurred at submandibular glands, while 80% of the mixed stones were parotid stones. Stone surface exhibited three microscopic structures: lamellar, grape‐like, and porous, indicating their differences in mineralization process and composition. XRD revealed that all stones contained hydroxyapatite, with 57 containing whitlockite. Concentration of hydroxyapatite in concentric stones was significantly higher than that in mixed stones (p = 0.036) and correlated positively with stone diameter (p = 0.001). The microstructure and crystalline composition of multiple and recurrent stones were similar to that of single stones.Sialoliths display pronounced diversity in microarchitecture and crystalline composition, reflecting the differences in mineralization process and local microenvironments among stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic periodontitis in individuals with diabetes can exacerbate the destruction of local periodontal soft tissues and accelerate the resorption of hard tissue. Currently, effective strategies to simultaneously restore both soft and hard periodontal tissues remain insufficient. To address this challenge, a multifunctional dual‐layer microneedles (d‐MNs) design is proposed to regenerate both periodontal soft and hard tissues in diabetic patients. The d‐MNs substrate is composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) infused with nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA), which facilitates the differentiation of osteogenic cells into osteoblasts, thereby promoting alveolar bone regeneration. The tips of the d‐MNs, on the other hand, are primarily made of hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with a magnesium‐based metal‐organic framework (Mg‐MOF) loaded with glucose oxidase (GOX). This composition creates a hypoglycemic, angiogenic, and anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, which supports soft tissue repair. When implanted at the site of periodontitis, the synergistic interaction between the d‐MNs substrate and tips effectively promotes the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, as demonstrated in diabetic rat models of periodontitis. These innovative d‐MNs have the potential to revolutionize traditional approaches to treating diabetic periodontitis and can see broad application in dental clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two heats of steel are melted using a vacuum induction furnace in the laboratory, with one heat undergoing magnesium treatment and the other being subjected to a combined magnesium–calcium treatment. The precipitation and agglomeration behaviors of inclusions of these two steel samples are observed using a high‐temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy. MnS precipitates form around oxide cores and undergo rapid growth during the solidification process of molten steel, and these MnS precipitates with oxide cores react with the cores, resulting in the transformation of the MnS into complex sulfides. In comparison with Al2O3 inclusions, MgO·Al2O3 inclusions have a lower critical velocity (Vc), making them more susceptible to being engulfed by the solid–liquid interface. As the size of colliding inclusions increases, the coalescence–collision frequency (E0) initially decreases until it reaches a minimum value. After that, with further size increments, the frequency starts to increase. During the inclusions growth process through collision, there is a distinct zone where coalescence–collision frequency is low. Inclusions that reach this zone struggle to grow further due to reduced collision coalescence, consequently leading to a predominance of inclusions with diameters in this zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensional engineering is promising for achieving a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, insulated organic spacers in 2D perovskites often severely hinder carrier transport between the internal layers of devices. Herein, the "protonation‐induced localized transformation of 2D perovskites" is proposed to overcome the low carrier transport and conductivity of 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions. Metformin, with its multiple amine groups and a substantial difference between its pKa value and perovskites, is protonated in an acidic environment or directly converted into the hydrochloride salt for the surface passivation of methylammonium lead iodide. This leads to the transformation of disorderedly oriented layered 2D perovskite into vertically oriented ones at grain boundaries. Consequently, the PCE of a carbon‐based PSC treated by protonated metformin increased considerably, reaching an optimal level of 14.13%. Additionally, applying this passivation strategy to a planar device (ITO/4PADCP/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag) increased PCE from 20.82% to 22.09%, confirming the applicability of the strategy. To demonstrate the practical stability, an integrated PSC–supercapacitor device is assembled, which shows good cycling stability. This article introduces a novel method to improve carrier transport in 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions, promoting the extensive utilization of dimensional engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The chafer beetle, Holotrichia parallela, causes damage to numerous economically significant crops worldwide. Adult beetles exhibit aggregation behavior likely mediated by a male‐produced pheromone. Advancements in biological research technology have facilitated the identification of insect aggregation pheromones and promoted their applications as bait for trapping and monitoring pests. Currently, only a few active components of aggregation pheromones from Holotrichia species have been identified. However, the specific components of aggregation pheromones produced by H. parallela remain unknown. RESULT: In this study, we initially observed from Y‐tube olfactometer assays that both male and female H. parallela were significantly attracted to volatiles emitted by males, but not to those from females. We then collected hindgut crude extracts of male adults and carried out gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis to identify potential aggregation pheromone components. Pentadecyl acetate, cis‐13‐docosenol, and behenic acid were identified as male‐specific compounds in comparison to female extracts, serving as components of the aggregation pheromone in H. parallela. We further evaluated their attractiveness to H. parallea in both laboratory and field experiments. In laboratory settings, pentadecyl acetate, cis‐13‐docosenol, and behenic acid evoked significant responses to both males and females at specific concentrations, as evidenced by both electroantennography tests and behavioral bioassays. Under field conditions, traps baited with these three compounds captured significantly more H. parallela adults compared to control traps. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that pentadecyl acetate, cis‐13‐docosenol, and behenic acid are specifically present in male H. parallela, serving as aggregation pheromones. Both laboratory and field‐trapping experiments suggest their potential as monitoring and controlling tools against H. parallela adults. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era of ongoing biodiversity, it is critical to map biodiversity patterns in space and time for better‐informing conservation and management. Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely applied in various types of such biodiversity assessments. Cross‐validation represents a prevalent approach to assess the discrimination capacity of a target SDM algorithm and determine its optimal parameters. Several alternative cross‐validation methods exist; however, the influence of choosing a specific cross‐validation method on SDM performance and predictions remains unresolved. Here, we tested the performance of random versus spatial cross‐validation methods for SDM using goatfishes (Actinopteri: Syngnathiformes: Mullidae) as a case study, which are recognized as indicator species for coastal waters. Our results showed that the random versus spatial cross‐validation methods resulted in different optimal model parameterizations in 57 out of 60 modeled species. Significant difference existed in predictive performance between the random and spatial cross‐validation methods, and the two cross‐validation methods yielded different projected present‐day spatial distribution and future projection patterns of goatfishes under climate change exposure. Despite the disparity in species distributions, both approaches consistently suggested the Indo‐Australian Archipelago as the hotspot of goatfish species richness and also as the most vulnerable area to climate change. Our findings highlight that the choice of cross‐validation method is an overlooked source of uncertainty in SDM studies. Meanwhile, the consistency in richness predictions highlights the usefulness of SDMs in marine conservation. These findings emphasize that we should pay special attention to the selection of cross‐validation methods in SDM studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How many species of life are there on Earth? This is a question that we want to know but cannot yet answer. Some scholars speculate that the number of species may reach 2.2 billion when considering cryptic diversity and that each morphology‐based insect species may contain an average of 3.1 cryptic species. With nearly two million described species, such high estimates of cryptic diversity would suggest that cryptic species are widespread. The development of molecular species delimitation has led to the discovery of a large number of cryptic species, and cryptic biodiversity has gradually entered our field of vision and attracted more attention. This paper introduces the concept of cryptic species, how they evolve, and methods by which they may be discovered and confirmed, and provides theoretical and methodological guidance for the study of hidden species. A workflow of how to confirm cryptic species is provided. In addition, the importance and reliability of multi‐evidence‐based integrated taxonomy are reaffirmed as a way to better standardize decision‐making processes. Special focus on cryptic diversity and increased funding for taxonomy is needed to ensure that cryptic species in hyperdiverse groups are discoverable and described. An increased focus on cryptic species in the future will naturally arise as more difficult groups are studied, and thereby, we may finally better understand the rules governing the evolution and maintenance of cryptic biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depletion or permanent quiescence of the hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) pool underlies pathogenesis in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Reactivation of quiescent HFSCs is considered an efficient treatment strategy for hair loss. The retinoic acid (RA) is critical to ensure stem cell homeostasis and function. However, little is known about whether RA regulates HFSC homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the impact of RA on HFSC homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms, in order to provide new potential targets for medical therapies of AGA. Methods: Microdissected hair follicles from the occipital and frontal scalp in AGA were obtained for RNA sequencing analysis and test. The C57BL/6 mice model in telogen was established to investigate the effect of exogenous RA. Miniaturized hair follicles from frontal scalp were incubated with or without RA in hair follicle organ culture to test the effects on hair shaft elongation, hair cycling and HFSC activities. A strategy to characterize the effect of RA on HFSC in primary culture was developed to identify novel mechanisms that control HFSC activation. A clinical study was performed to test the efficacy of RA treatment in AGA patients. Results: RA signalling was inhibited in the course of AGA pathogenesis along with HFSC dysfunction. Hair regeneration was retarded in AGA miniaturized hair follicles with RA deficiency, but they tended to recover after treatment with RA. In addition, RA treatment during the telogen phase facilitated HFSC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, RA promoted hair growth by stimulating stem cells via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and accelerating the transition from a dormant to an activated state. Furthermore, a clinical study suggested that RA has obvious advantages in the early intervention of AGA by reactivating HFSCs. Conclusions: Our study provides insights into the reactivation of HFSCs in AGA and provides potential targets for medical therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make the amphibious robot have a lot of functions while keeping the overall structure relatively simple, this paper proposes a multimodule bionic amphibious robot (MMBAR) inspired by the movement mode of jellyfish. The MMBAR consists of four modules, which are connected by snaps, and can be assembled quickly. The wing–leg structure suitable for swimming in the water is designed, which combines the legs and wings using a flexible hinge. Meanwhile, the integrated design principle is adopted to combine the wing–leg structure with the wheel structure to design a deformable wheel suitable for land movement. The overall structure of the MMBAR is simple, and the wing–legs can be deformed to perform a variety of functions, such as acting as a wheel for land movement, as a claw for grasping objects, and as a propulsion mechanism to power the MMBAR for swimming. Theoretical modeling and simulation analyses are conducted separately for the MMBAR on land and in water, which helps understand the movement characteristics of the MMBAR and to obtain more optimized movement parameters. In addition, we conducted experiments on the MMBAR, such as climbing slopes, climbing steps, walking on snow, swimming in water, grasping objects, and so forth, which confirm that the MMBAR possesses a strong ability to adapt to the environment. These research results add new content to the research of amphibious robots, which are expected to replace humans to fulfill more dangerous jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether disruptive technologies are more likely to emerge at the margin or the core of industry has been a long‐debated issue. We theorize the relationship between technological niches and the generation of disruptive innovations. Introducing the main path analysis, we develop a novel indicator to depict firms' technological niche in a focal industry's technological landscape and link it to their performance of disruptive innovation. Further, we investigate its boundary condition by taking firms' recombinant capabilities into consideration. A sample of 29,655 USPTO patents of the electric communication industry (H04W/L) for the period 1995–2019 is used to test our hypotheses. Our research reveals an inverted U‐shaped relationship between a firm's technological niche and its disruptive innovation performance. Besides, firms' recombinant capability could moderate the relationship by steepening the curvilinear. This paper helps reconcile the long debated question of 'Are Outliers More Disruptive' by providing a contingency perspective and identifying a non‐monotonic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: DT‐678 is a novel antiplatelet prodrug, capable of releasing the antiplatelet active metabolite of clopidogrel (AM) upon exposure to glutathione. In this study, we investigated factors responsible for clopidogrel high on‐treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and evaluated the capacity of DT‐678 to overcome HTPR. Experimental Approach: A total of 300 consecutive ACS patients naive to P2Y12 receptor inhibitors were recruited and genotyped for CYP2C19 alleles. Blood samples were drawn before and after administration of 600‐mg clopidogrel. Platelet reactivity index (PRI) and plasma AM concentrations were determined and grouped according to their CYP2C19 genotypes. DT‐678 was applied ex vivo to whole blood samples to examine its inhibitory effects. To further examine the antiplatelet effectiveness of DT‐678 in vivo, 20 healthy human subjects were recruited in a Phase I clinical trial, and each received a single dose of either 3‐mg DT‐678 or 75‐mg clopidogrel. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in different CYP2C19 genotype groups were compared. Key Results: Statistical analyses revealed that CYP2C19 genotype, body mass index, hyperuricaemia, and baseline PRI were significantly associated with a higher risk of clopidogrel HTPR in ACS patients. The addition of DT‐678 ex vivo decreased baseline PRI regardless of CYP2C19 genotypes, overcoming clopidogrel HTPR. This observation was further confirmed in healthy volunteers receiving 3 mg of DT‐678. Conclusion and Implications: These results suggest that DT‐678 effectively overcomes clopidogrel HTPR resulting from genetic and/or clinical factors in Chinese ACS patients, demonstrating its potential to improve antiplatelet therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), aggressive with poor prognosis, and lacks reliable MRI diagnosis. Purpose: To develop a diagnostic model for proliferative HCC using liver imaging reporting and data system (LI‐RADS) and assess its prognostic value. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: 241 HCC patients underwent hepatectomy (90 proliferative HCCs: 151 nonproliferative HCCs), divided into the training (N = 167) and validation (N = 74) sets. 57 HCC patients received combination therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0 T, T1‐ and T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, in‐ and out‐phase, T1 high resolution isotropic volume excitation and dynamic gadoxetic acid‐enhanced imaging. Assessment: LI‐RADS v2018 and other MRI features (intratumoral artery, substantial hypoenhancing component, hepatobiliary phase peritumoral hypointensity, and irregular tumor margin) were assessed. A diagnostic model for proliferative HCC was established, stratifying patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Follow‐up occurred every 3–6 months, and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in different groups were compared. Statistical Tests: Fisher's test or chi‐square test, t‐test or Mann–Whitney test, logistic regression, Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards. Significance level: P < 0.05. Results: The diagnostic model, incorporating corona enhancement, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, infiltrative appearance, intratumoral artery, and substantial hypoenhancing component, achieved a C‐index of 0.823 (training set) and 0.804 (validation set). Median follow‐up was 32.5 months (interquartile range [IQR], 25.1 months) for postsurgery patients, and 16.8 months (IQR: 13.2 months) for combination‐treated patients. 99 patients experienced recurrence, and 30 demonstrated tumor nonresponse. Differences were significant in RFS and OS rates between high‐risk and low‐risk groups post‐surgery (40.3% vs. 65.8%, 62.3% vs. 90.1%, at 5 years). In combination‐treated patients, PFS rates differed significantly (80.6% vs. 7.7% at 2 years). Data Conclusion: The MR‐based model could pre‐treatment identify proliferative HCC and assist in prognosis evaluation. Level of Evidence: 4. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium oxides are widely used for microsupercapacitors (MSCs) due to their multiple‐valence and high theoretical capacitance. A conceptually new approach of electric discharge machining (EDM) with computer‐aided control is developed to one‐step fabricate Mo‐doped VO0.2‐based electrodes and devices with designable geometry. The results demonstrate that the Mo@VO0.2 integrated interdigital MSCs (IIMSCs) with the narrowest electrode distance of 300 μm show the best capacitive performance, which is furtherly manifested by the electric field simulation. Moreover, this work concentrates on expounding the relationships between the EDM machining current, surface morphology of Mo@VO0.2, and the capacitive behavior of Mo@VO0.2 IIMSCs. Compared to the machining current of 2 and 3 A, the machining current of 1 A facilitates synthesizing smaller Mo@VO0.2 particles with more porosity and higher surface area and thus achieving a larger capacitance value for Mo@VO0.2 IIMSCs device, which is achieving 32 mF cm−2 at 1 mV s−1, working well up to an ultrahigh scan rate of 30 V s−1, and obtaining a good cyclic stability of 88.61% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, this innovative EDM approach opens a new avenue for one‐step synthesis of various ceramic metal oxides for various microdevices such as microbatteries and microsensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The chloroplast genome has considerable potential to enhance crop productivity, but it remains underutilized in breeding because it is difficult to modify. This study elucidates the potential of recently developed chloroplast‐targeted C‐to‐T base editors in facilitating the use of the chloroplast genome for crop breeding. The herbicide metribuzin interferes with photosynthesis by binding to the D1 protein of photosystem II, encoded by the chloroplast genome. Naturally occurring D1 mutants with V219I or A251V substitutions are known to have resistance to some herbicides including metribuzin. Here, using the base editors, we introduced these substitutions and showed that the A251V single mutation and the V219 & A251V double mutations conferred significant metribuzin resistance to Arabidopsis thaliana. The V219I & A251V double mutants exhibited increased metribuzin resistance and grew better than the A251V single mutants. Furthermore, the double mutants grew as well as wild‐type plants in the absence of metribuzin. The single and double mutants, which are a challenge to obtain through traditional mutagenesis and crossbreeding methods, can be relatively easily generated using C‐to‐T base editors. In view of the conservation of V219 and A251 across numerous species, C‐to‐T base editing can potentially confer metribuzin resistance to a wide range of crops. Compared to nuclear genes, chloroplast genes are also less likely to spread into wild populations. Our findings suggest that chloroplast‐targeting C‐to‐T base editors will find many roles in future crop breeding efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To discuss the characteristics of anterior corneal elevation asymmetry in myopic eyes and clarify which kind of asymmetry most influenced lens position. Methods: In this retrospective study of 199 consecutive myopic participants, corneal topography was used to analyse asymmetry in anterior corneal elevation. Amongst them, 65 participants (65 eyes) who underwent orthokeratology (31 and 34 with spherical and toric lenses, respectively) were re‐evaluated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the contributing factors that influenced lens decentration. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was employed to assess how the corneal asymmetry vector could predict decentration. Results: There were no significant differences in treatment zone decentration (TZDec) between participants wearing toric and spherical lenses (p = 0.60 and 0.64 for 1 week and 1 month of wear, respectively). Amongst the underlying factors, the magnitude of TZDec was only correlated with the amount of corneal asymmetry vector (standardised β = 0.44, 0.48, p < 0.001 for all) after 1 week and 1 month of wear, and the direction of TZDec after 1 month of lens wear was associated with the angle of the asymmetry vector (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). ROC analysis showed that the magnitude of corneal asymmetry vector produced accurate discrimination between non‐severe and severe decentration for 1 week and 1 month of wear (area under the curve was 0.93 ± 0.04 and 0.89 ± 0.05, respectively, p < 0.001). Amongst participants whose corneal asymmetry vector exceeded 41.06 μm and was oriented inferiorly, 35.29% showed severe decentration after 1 month of lens wear. Conclusions: In myopic participants, corneal asymmetry existed in the 8.0 mm chord diameter. If the asymmetry vector >41.06 μm and the direction was oriented inferiorly, then practitioners must be vigilant about severe decentration which would not be alleviated by a toric design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College student mental health has been a critical concern for professional counselors. Anxiety and depressive disorders have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. Utilizing machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), we developed predictive models (i.e., eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression) to identify US college students at heightened risk of diagnosable anxiety and depressive disorders. The dataset included 61,619 students from 133 US higher education institutions and was partitioned into a 90:10 ratio for training and testing the models. We employed hyperparameter tuning and cross‐validation to optimize model performance and examined multiple measures of predictive performance (e.g., area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], accuracy, sensitivity). Results revealed strong discriminative power in our machine learning predictive models with AUC of 0.74 and 0.77, indicating current financial situation, sense of belonging on campus, disability status, and age as the top predictors of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study provides a practical tool for professional counselors to proactively identify students for anxiety and depressive disorders before these conditions escalate. Application of machine learning in counseling research provides data‐driven insights that help enhance the understanding of mental health determinants, guide prevention and intervention strategies, and promote the well‐being of diverse student populations through counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) combining functional fillers with polymer matrices hold promise for high‐efficiency separation. However, it remains a great challenge to enhance the loading to fully harness the capabilities of the fillers. Herein, we introduced RUB‐15 nanosheets as fillers for MMMs to approach parallel alignment of nanosheets within the matrix, thus achieving a high‐loading rate of up to 55 wt% and constructing fast and continuous mass transfer channels. The parallel orientation reduced the occurrence of defects, which played a critical role in enhancing separation. An optimized membrane with a 50 wt% loading rate exhibited exceptional H2/CO2 gas separation performance with H2 permeability of 1934 Barrer and selectivity of 44.5, maintaining a separation factor of 16.7 at 125°C. This study maximizes the performance of porous functional fillers within the membrane by enhancing gas separation capabilities through the ordered alignment of nanosheets and provides valuable insights for future membrane development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights In this paper, UiO‐66 nanoparticles were synthesized through the hydrothermal synthesis technique. Subsequently, a series of metal‐organic framework/polyvinylidene fluoride (MOF/PVDF) composite films were produced via a solution‐casting approach. The dielectric properties of UiO‐66/PVDF (U/P) composite are improved with the addition of UiO‐66. The dielectric constant (ɛr) of 20 wt% U/P composite film at 102 Hz is 11.20, 1.44 times that of pure PVDF film (ɛr = 7.78). However, the breakdown strength (Eb) was only 95 kV mm−1. To solve the problem of sharp decline in Eb, TiO2 with a wide band gap was introduced to form an insulating layer on the surface of UiO‐66. This reduces the difference in electrical properties between the filler and PVDF, hinders the formation of the conductive path within the composite, reduces leakage current, and increases Eb. Compared with the U/P composite, the ɛr and Eb of TiO2@UiO‐66/PVDF (T@U/P) composite film are increased, and the dielectric loss (tanδ) and leakage current density (J) are decreased. The energy storage density (Ue) of 10 wt% T@U/P composite film is 4.51 J cm−3 and the charge and discharge efficiency (η) is 84.61% at 150 kV mm−1. These results indicate that the dielectric properties of UiO‐66 can be significantly enhanced by using titanium dioxide as an insulating layer. By introducing UiO‐66, the ɛr of PVDF material is improved. Modifying UiO‐66 with TiO2 can improve its breakdown strength significantly. The Ue of the T@U/P‐10 composite modified with UiO‐66 is 4.51 J cm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible wavelength tunability is a critical specification for second‐harmonic generation (SHG) light sources. In the evolving landscape of future technologies, the photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity emerges as a promising platform for developing ultracompact SHG devices. However, the reduced size of PhC vertical cavities necessitates a departure from conventional tuning methodologies rooted in traditional phase‐matching frameworks. In this study, an SHG tuning strategy is presented that exploits the relationship between the resonance properties of the cavity and its SHG response. By systematically adjusting the incident angle of fundamental light, we demonstrate the precise tuning of cavity resonance, consequently tuning the SHG conversion efficiency spectra across a spectral bandwidth of about 30 nm. This research contributes to profound understanding of the physical process for flexible wavelength tunability at the nanoscale beyond conventional phase‐matching frameworks, offering insights for the development of tunable SHG sources in integrated photonics and nanoscale optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Anterior disc displacement (ADD) is the most common type of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and may lead to condylar resorption (CR) during the adolescence period, but the specific malocclusion associated with ADD and CR remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion associated with TMJ ADD and CR in adolescents.This cross‐sectional study included a clinical examination of adolescent patients aged 11–19 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose both TMJ ADD and CR. Occlusal measurements were obtained and analysed using 3D scanning models.A total of 242 adolescent patients (53 males and 189 females) underwent TMJ MRI examination and dental occlusion scanning. The prevalence of anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) was higher in females than that in males (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Deep overbite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), while Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with ADDwoR (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Adolescents with excessive overjet and anterior open bite were at a higher risk of CR (OR > 1, p < 0.05), whereas those with deep overbite and individual crossbite had a lower risk of CR (OR < 1, p < 0.05).Our study offers valuable insights into the association between deep overbite, posterior scissor bite, Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite, excessive overjet and the ADD and CR in adolescents. Orthodontic treatment for adolescent patients should prioritise the health of the TMJ, particularly for these types of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental investigations of silica under high pressure and temperature offer crucial insights into modeling of Earth and super‐Earths' interiors. Despite extensive studies on Hugoniots of silica polymorphs like fused‐silica (2.20 g/cm3), quartz (2.65 g/cm3) and stishovite (4.29 g/cm3) up to a terapascal, unexplored region of melting and liquid of silica at high pressures is leaved because of the Hugoniots dependence on ambient density. This emphasizes the urgence to supplement the phase diagram to constrain silica properties under extreme conditions. Here, the Hugoniot and shock temperature of coesite (2.92 g/cm3) were studied by laser shock compression experiments up to 950 GPa. Our findings confirm shock‐induced superheating in coesite, revealing a higher Grüneisen parameter and lower electrical conductivity compared to those of fused‐silica and quartz along an isothermal line (<2 × 104 K). These results suggest unique properties of shocked coesite, which imply a warmer and longer‐lived silica magma ocean of earlier rocky‐planets. Plain Language Summary: Silica is a critical mineral in Earth's interior. Studying its behavior under extreme conditions offers essential insights into planetary processes, enhancing our understanding of Earth and other rocky worlds in our solar system and beyond. In our research, we focused on a particular form of silica called coesite, compressing it to extraordinarily high pressures ‐ up to 950 GPa by using the GEKKO laser's powerful laser drive. Our experiments uncovered unique properties of silica in its liquid state, such as a high Grüneisen parameter and electrical conductivity after melting, indicating potential support for dynamo processes despite retaining semi‐metallic traits. Our findings suggest that magma oceans could have formed earlier and endured longer than previously assumed, where the high Grüneisen parameter accelerates temperature rises during planetary formation processes like accretion or giant impacts. Existence of a conducting mantle of SiO2‐bearing liquid could result in complex magnetic fields on such planets, posing challenges for detecting and modeling exoplanetary magnetic fields. This research significantly advances planetary science, deepening our grasp of planetary evolution and the diverse processes shaping rocky worlds across the cosmos. Key Points: Shocked coesite exhibits superheating before melting, suggesting incomplete crystallization under rapid compressionGrüneisen parameter estimated by coesite‐quartz Hugoniot reveals higher γ, affecting thermodynamic models of rocky planetsHigh conductivity of shocked coesite after melting indicates band gap closure, with a persistent pseudo‐gap in the liquid phase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 demonstrates high energy density owing to its high specific capacity and high discharge voltage, but suffering from rapid performance decay due to severe structural degradation and aggravated surface side reaction during high‐voltage cycling. Herein, a Mg/Zr modified Na0.67Ni0.25Mg0.08Mn0.64Zr0.03O2 cathode is proposed with good structural stability and excellent cycling performance, showing reversible capacity of 123.2 mAh g−1 (0.1 C) and capacity retention of 99.1% after 100 cycles. The cycling stability is outstanding among P2‐type cathodes reported so far. In situ XRD analyses reveal a suppressed P2‐O2 phase transition after Mg modification, further incorporation of Zr greatly stabilizes the layered structure as some Zr ions reside in the Na layer providing a pinning effect to reduce the slide of TMO2 layer. First‐principles calculations suggest that oxygen loss in Na0.67Ni0.25Mg0.08Mn0.64Zr0.03O2 cathode is suppressed as Zr incorporation prevents the formation of oxygen vacancies. XPS analyses verify a Zr─O protective layer self‐segregated on particle surface during material synthesis. The expanded Na+ transport channel confirmed by the XRD analysis well explains the favored Na‐ion mobility verified by a high reversible capacity of 105.5 mAh/g at 20 C. This work sheds new light on providing a practical P2‐structured cathode material for high‐power sodium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe resistance of doxorubicin (DOX) caused by drug efflux and immunosuppression has led to a high treatment failure risk of breast cancer (BC). Compared with the single atom nanozymes, the bi‐single‐atomic nanozymes obtained through sequential single‐atom synthesis strategy in different spaces of the same nanomaterial, can significantly improve the space utilization efficiency and catalytic capacity. In this study, bi‐single‐atom nanozymes (Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs) are designed to reverse BC DOX resistance by causing damage to mitochondria of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and 4T1 cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. In situ H2O2 self‐supply is improved by releasing DOX through activating the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). ROS amplification is triggered by enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of Zn/Cu‐BSAN, which efficiently reverses the DOX resistance by breaking the hyaluronic acid (HA) barrier and DOX efflux. Furthermore, ROS amplification significantly promotes the immune improvement including DCs maturation, T cell activation, and the polarization of M1 macrophage. In summary, as "hexagonal" anti‐tumor warrior, Zn/Cu‐BSAN‐DOX NPs show great potential for multimodal DOX‐resistant BC therapy, which further expands the new preparation strategy and the clinical anti‐tumor application paradigm of single‐atom nanozymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) is a promising anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. To achieve wide practical applications, it is highly desirable to build effective solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) with high stability and high Li+ conductivity. Herein, a novel interface engineering strategy is demonstrated with the assistance of a surfactant and the self‐assembly of chitosan (CS) skin on Si surface. A high coating integrity of the Si particle is obtained compared to that without surfactants. Unlike traditional surface coatings, the positive charge of the applied CS layer enables it to selectively absorb PF6− anions in the electrolyte. The PF6− aggregates in Helmholtz layer lead to the formation of anion‐derived SEI enriched in LiF species. As the result, the prepared CS‐decorated Si anode exhibits a high initial coulombic efficiency of 92.2% and a high rate capability of 2200 mAh g−1 capacity at 10 C rate. After 500 charge–discharge cycles, it is still able to retain a reversible capacity 1621.3 mAh g−1. Furthermore, the excellent electrochemical property is demonstrated in full cells against NCM811 cathode. The novel interface engineering strategy provides a new SEI mechanism and demonstrates a feasible and effective way to develop high‐performance Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite with high Young's modulus is prone to form cracks when subjected to mechanical stresses such as bending, twisting, or impacting, ultimately leading to a permanent decline in the performance of their photovoltaic devices. These mechanical properties pose challenges to the durability of long‐term service of photovoltaic devices and the production of flexible devices. To address this issue, the poly (lipoic acid‐co‐Styrene) elastomer is employed to modulate the modulus of perovskite films. The peak force quantitative nanomechanical atomic force microscopy measurements and nanoindentation tests demonstrated a reduction in modulus, with the lower modulus preventing the formation of cracks and defects during deformation. Moreover, this approach also suppressed the non‐radiative recombination of perovskite solar cells by leveraging the interaction between functional groups and defects. Through this method, the rigid inverted devices attained a power conversion efficiency of 24.42% alongside remarkable stability. Concurrently, flexible inverted devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 22.21%. This strategy offers a promising avenue for fabricating flexible perovskite solar cells and enhancing their mechanical durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi‐artificial photosynthetic system (SAPS) that combines enzymes or cellular organisms with light‐absorbing semiconductors, has emerged as an attractive approach for nitrogen conversion, yet faces the challenge of reaction pathway regulation. Herein, we find that photoelectrons can transfer from the −C≡N groups at the edge of cyano‐rich carbon nitride (g‐C3N4‐CN) to nitrate reductase (NarGH), while the direct electron transfer to nitrite reductase (cd1NiR) is inhibited due to the physiological distance limit of active sites (>14 Å). By means of the directional electron transfer between g‐C3N4‐CN and extracted biological enzymes, the product of the denitrification reaction was switched from inert N2 to usable nitrite with an unprecedented selectivity of up to 95.3 %. The converted nitrite could be further utilized by anammox microbiota and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) microorganisms, doubling the efficiency of total nitrogen removal (96.5±2.3 %) for biological nitrogen removal and ammonia generation (12.6 mg NH4+‐N L−1 h−1), respectively. Thus, our work paves an appealing way for the sustainable treatment and utilization of nitrate for ammonia fuel production by strategically regulating the electron transfer pathway across the biotic‐abiotic interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer‐based composites that exhibit a unique nonlinear response to high‐power electric fields have the potential to serve as intelligent electromagnetic shielding materials. The optimization of switching fields (Eb) and nonlinear coefficient (α) of polymer‐based composites is of great interests for nonlinear conductive performance. Based on literature data, the prediction models for Eb and α are first successfully established using machine learning (ML) methods. A stacking ensemble learning (SEL) strategy was used to combine five base machine learning models, showing superior predictive performance. The research focuses on the effect of key process parameters on nonlinear conducting composites. The feature importance analysis shows that the nonlinear properties of the composites are considerably impacted by the mass fraction, filler size, and sample thickness. The parameter optimization method to improve the performance of the composites was explored by using partial dependence plots analysis. By measuring the nonlinear response of CNT/ZnO composites under high electric fields, the effectiveness of the optimization strategy is experimentally verified. This work establishes the intrinsic relationship between composition and performance, which is helpful in designing intelligent self‐adaptive electromagnetic shielding for switchable electronic devices. Highlights: Prediction models for Eb and α using machine learning.Stacking ensemble learning for superior predictive performanceFocuses on the effect of key process parameters on performance.Optimization strategy validated through experimental testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process modeling is an indispensable tool for establishing a foundation for process optimization and enhancing the quality of products. Analyzing the thermoforming process of polymer matrix composites presupposes the acquisition of accurate thermal histories. This paper introduces a numerical solution based on the finite difference (FD) model to predict the temperature field of angle‐ply composite structures during automated fiber placement (AFP) process along the machining trajectory. The proposed method incorporates three‐dimensional hybrid boundary conditions and considers temperature‐dependent material properties, significantly improving efficiency compared to the finite element (FE) model and overcoming challenges related to complex boundary conditions and anisotropic heat transfer in analytical solutions. Real‐time temperature measurement experiments were conducted to validate predictions, and further a specific temperature control strategy that meets process requirements was explored. In summary, the paper introduces a novel approach to address the temperature field in complex composite structure manufacturing processes. Highlights: A novel 3D finite difference model predicts the temperature field in automated fiber placement.Improved prediction accuracy by managing complex boundary conditions.Effectively handled anisotropic heat transfer in complex composite structures.Superior efficiency over existing numerical methods.Developed a model‐based strategy for optimal temperature control within ±5°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐temperature aqueous zinc batteries have recently garnered significant attention for large‐scale energy storage. However, spontaneous hydrogen evolution and passivation on the Zn metal anode severely affect its cycling stability under elevated temperature conditions. Herein, a facile strategy is employed to construct a bifunctional composite protective layer comprising an insulating ZnF2 layer combined with Zn affinity conductive tin (Sn) metal. This combination optimally distributes Zn ions (Zn2+) and maintains consistent thermal field distribution around Zn anodes. Moreover, the presence of fluorides on the interface efficiently suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction, while the Sn metal serves as nucleation seeds with reversible alloying and dealloying process to endow dendrite‐free morphology and fast reaction kinetics. Specifically, the symmetric cell with the coated electrode exhibits excellent stability at a current density of 3 mA cm−2 over 420 h at 50 °C. When coupled with the modified Zn anode and I2 cathode, the Zn//I2 full cells deliver high areal capacity and substantiate their practical application, exhibiting remarkable high‐temperature resilience over 2000 cycles with 97.8% capacity retained at 50 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a reconfigurable transmitarray unit cell using liquid metal is presented. It consists of three conducting layers where the geometries of the resonators, on the different layers, differ and consist of an arrow shape together with rotated split rings. The arrow‐shaped conducting layer has the capability to convert the polarization of the incoming waves by 90°. The split ring resonators, on the upper and lower conducting layers, have the same dimensions but different orientations (horizontal and vertical polarization). Several fluidic channels are placed beneath/above the conducting layers. The transmission behaviour of the unit cell can be changed by altering the geometrical parameters which is achieved by injecting the liquid metal into the channels. More than 300° phase shift range with a maximum S21 of ∼ −1.5 dB at 3.3 GHz is obtained. It exhibits 3 dB of insertion loss over a bandwidth ranging from 3.2 to 3.43 GHz. It is the first time that a transmitarray unit cell, reconfigured employing liquid metal, provides a combination of low insertion loss and large phase shift range. The proposed prototype was fabricated and measured within an open‐ended waveguide and the measured results agree well with the simulations and verify the effectiveness of the design. The reconfigurable transmitarray unit cell can be used to design beam‐scanning arrays, as well as for applications in wireless communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT With global climate change, understanding how conifers manage seasonal dormancy is increasingly important. This study explores the physiological and molecular processes controlling dormancy transitions in P. tabuliformis, a key species in northern China. Using dormancy simulations and Time‐Ordered Gene Co‐Expression Network (TO‐GCN) analysis, we identified low temperature, rather than photoperiod, as the primary trigger for dormancy release. The PtTFL2 gene functions as both an environmental sensor and dormancy marker, regulated by cold‐dependent and independent pathways involving the photoperiod‐responsive PtCOL1 and PtSVP‐like (SVL) genes. During the autumn‐to‐winter transition, PtSVL controls PtTFL2 transcription, forming a regulatory complex to fine‐tune dormancy. PtCOL1 also directly regulates PtTFL2 and indirectly modulates it by affecting PtSVL expression. The CO‐TFL module controls fall dormancy (ecodormancy), while the SVP‐TFL module manages the shift to endodormancy in winter. These findings reveal dual regulatory pathways governing dormancy in conifers, offering insights into their adaptation to cold environments and laying the foundation for further research into dormancy mechanisms in gymnosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Soil–rock mixture (SRM) slopes consist of soils and rocks and are widely distributed globally. In addition to heterogeneity and discontinuity within SRM slopes, the inherent spatial variability can be observed in soil and rock properties. However, spatial variability in rock and soil properties and layouts has not been well considered in the stability analysis of SRM slopes. Additionally, SRM slopes commonly show a rotated anisotropic fabric pattern, while such fabric has rarely been accounted for in SRM slope stability analysis. In this study, a two‐phase rotated anisotropy random field simulation method is proposed to model these spatial variations simultaneously. The proposed approach is then integrated with the finite element method (FEM) to study the impacts of soil volume fraction and bedding dip angle (i.e., rotated anisotropy) on the probability of failure (pf) and failure mode of SRM slopes. It is found that considering only spatially varying layouts can underestimate pf by up to 97% compared to considering both spatially variable properties and layouts. The increase in soil volume fraction significantly improves pf and the likelihood of deep failure. The bedding dip angle greatly influences pf, yet deep failure remains dominant across different bedding dip angles. Furthermore, the failure mode of SRM slopes is more sensitive to the changes in soil volume fraction than to bedding dip angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]