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This research investigates the impact of algorithmic management on worker behaviors, focusing on workers' commitment to service quality and referral tendencies. Drawing upon the job demands‐resources model, we argue that high levels of algorithmic management could create hindrance demands that impede service quality and demotivate referral behaviors. We propose that high workload, as a challenge demand, buffers the negative effects of algorithmic management on worker outcomes. We find support for our proposed research model in an experiment with a sample of 1362 platform‐based food‐delivery riders. We also conduct a qualitative study with 21 riders, which provides a more nuanced understanding of how algorithmic management affects workers' attitudes, behaviors, and referral tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Geographic range shifts are a common species' response to climate change. While occurrence data are commonly used to estimate species' geographical range shifts, ongoing debate suggests that local abundance data may be increasingly important for the estimates, but few studies have investigated differences between the above two types of data. We aimed to explore whether occurrence and abundance data would result in different patterns of geographic range shifts for marine fishes. Location: Northeast US Continental Shelf, North Sea, and East Bering Sea. Methods: We used bottom trawl datasets since 1968 in the three large marine communities to assess whether data types would affect estimated shifts in marine fish species. The range centroids of individual species were first estimated every year and linear regressions were fitted to estimate shift rates in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions. The average range centroids of the last 5 years were used to compare differences between the data types in species' shifts. We then grouped species by traits to overview species compositions. Results: Significant differences in shift trends between regressions based on annual occurrence‐ and abundance‐based range centroids were found in species' longitudinal shifts, particularly in the Northeast US Continental Shelf and North Sea. Approximately 38.5%–45.9% of fish species in the large marine communities had inconsistent shift directions when estimated by different data types. In comparison with the average range centroids of the last 5 years between the two data types, large changes were identified in the magnitudes of the shift distances towards the east and west. Fish species with inconsistent shifts between the two data types were mostly composed of commercial and demersal species. Main Conclusions: The results provide observed differences over decades and suggest caution on the estimation of species' geographic range shifts using occurrence and abundance data and highlight the differences for future assessments of marine species shifts under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The microneedle fractional radiofrequency system (MFRS) is able to rejuvenate facial appearance by heating and coagulating certain depth of skin tissue. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel vacuum‐assisted MFRS for facial contour tightening. Methods: This prospective, randomized, split‐face study included 21 patients who underwent three treatments with a vacuum‐assisted MFRS at 1‐month intervals. Half of the face was treated with the MFRS; the other half was untreated (control). Facial volume changes and wrinkles were objectively measured using a three‐dimensional imaging system and VISIA‐CR. Results: Volume changes of the treated midface were −0.24 ± 0.75, −0.59 ± 0.92, and −0.55 ± 0.65 mL at 1, 3, 6 months follow‐up; however, measurements of the control side were 0.08 ± 0.70, −0.08 ± 0.53, and − 0.10 ± 0.86 mL, indicating significant reductions (p < 0.05). The number of facial wrinkles on the treated side was significantly reduced to 12.44 ± 4.85 at 3 months and sustained at 6 months (11.11 ± 4.100) compared to the control side (14.89 ± 5.26 and 13.22 ± 4.44, respectively; p < 0.05). No long‐term side effects occurred. Conclusion: The vacuum‐assisted MFRS is safe and effective and is recommended for improving facial tightening and reducing wrinkles. This technology is sufficient to ensure the insertion depth, thus helping to improve the treatment accuracy and safety. The MFRS provides sustained effects for at least 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Many industries are plagued by economic losses and product failures caused by counterfeit goods. Therefore, advanced anti‐counterfeiting techniques are continuously needed. In this study, we constructed a series of acid‐base sensitive cyclic chalcone dyes A—F by modifying different electron‐donating groups. Differences in acid sensitivity of different structures are well rationalised by NMR and theoretical calculations. Aniline is difficult to protonate than fatty amines, so there is a difference in fluorescence. Hiding and anti‐counterfeiting of information is achieved by this phenomenon. Powder X and Y are the anti‐counterfeit fluorescent powder containing montmorillonite and cyclic chalcone, which have orange fluorescence and the very similar appearance. However, under the influence of acid the Powder X containing triphenylamine modified cyclic chalcone shows red shifted fluorescence and Powder Y containing morpholino and diethylamino groups modified cyclic chalcone shows blue shifted fluorescence. Therefore, the anti‐counterfeiting strategy based on cyclic chalcone is not only limited to UV‐irradiated fluorescence development, but also has more colorization and pattern variations with the aid of acid developer. Data encryption and decryption of numbers, English alphabets and Chinese characters have been realized using A—F, which have great potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although MoS2 quantum dots with abundant edge sites have been regarded as promising eletrode materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), their electrocatalytic capacity still requires improvements in actual applications. Herein. we demonstrate a controllable and robust bottom‐up approach to build 3D crosslinked graphene‐Ti3C2Tx MXene frameworks decorated with MoS2 quantum dots (MQD/RGO‐MX) via a convenient co‐assembly process. The novel structural design gives the MQD/RGO‐MX nanoarchitectures a series of superior textural attributes, including 3D interconnected networks, continuous meso‐ and macropores, well‐dispersed quantum dots, ameliorative electronic configuration, and excellent electrical conductivity. Accordingly, the resulting hybrid nanoarchitectures express superior electrocatalytic properties in terms of a low onset potential of only 45 mV, a small Tafel slope of 61 mV dec−1 as well as a long service life towards the HER, which make it quite competitive against bare MoS2 quantum dots, MXene as well as binary MQD/RGO and MQD/MXene electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2,7‐fluorenone‐linked bis(6‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium) salt H2‐1(PF6)2 reacts with Ag2O in CH3CN to yield the [2]catenane [Ag4(1)4](PF6)4. The [2]catenane rearranges in DMF to yield two metallamacrocycles [Ag2(1)2](PF6)2. 2,7‐Fluorenone‐bridged bis‐(imidazolium) salts H2‐L(PF6)2 (L=2 a, 2 b) react with Ag2O in CH3CN to yield metallamacrocycles [Ag2(L)2](PF6)2 with interplanar distances between the fluorenone rings too small for [2]catenane formation. Intra‐ and intermolecular π⋅⋅⋅π interactions between the fluorenone groups were observed by X‐ray crystallography. The strongly kinked 2,7‐fluorenone bridged bis(5‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium) salt H2‐4(PF6)2 reacts with Ag2O to yield [Ag2(4)(CN)](PF6), while the tetranuclear assembly [Ag4(4)2(CO3)](PF6)2 was obtained in the presence of K2CO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Coexistence of chest wall hypomobility and lung hyperinflation compromises respiratory muscle function and respiratory efficiency in people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of chest wall mobilization on functional exercise capacity, respiratory muscle activity and respiratory muscle tissue oxygen saturation for people with severe COPD.Thirty male adults (age: 75 ± 6) diagnosed with severe COPD completed a 6‐week programme (twice/week) according to intervention randomization (chest wall mobilization group, CWMG, n = 15; control group, CG, n = 15). Both groups received standardized education and walking exercise, while CWMG also received chest wall and thoracic spine mobilization. Electromyography of the essential and accessory respiratory muscles and tissue oxygen saturation of the intercostal muscle (StO2, measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy) during incremental cycle exercise test were measured and compared between the two groups at pre‐programme, post‐programme and 3‐month follow‐up.Patients in CWMG demonstrated a significant increase in exercise tolerance from <3 METS to 4–6 METS (p = 0.000) after intervention. A significant decrease in activity of scalene, sternocleidomastoids and intercostal muscle during exercise test (p < 0.01) was found in CWMG, as compared to CG. A significant decrease in StO2 (p < 0.05) and greater decline in the slope of oxygenation dissociation (p = 0.000) were seen in CWMG during exercise test. These positive results were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up in CWMG.Improvements in exercise tolerance, respiratory muscle efficiency and oxygenation extraction ability in CWMG suggest a potential clinical benefit of integrating chest wall and thoracic spine mobilization for rehabilitation of people with severe COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC 811) cathode offers high voltage and high specific capacity, making it promising for high energy density batteries. However, large‐scale manufacturing of aqueous‐processed NMC 811 electrodes remains challenging due to proton exchange causing material decomposition and capacity loss. This work addresses this issue by constructing an in situ nanocellulose protective layer for NMC 811 particles via electrostatic interactions during the slurry preparation. For the first time, the interatomic spacing between inter‐chains of nanocellulose is measured through wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and demonstrate the ability to effectively confine interlayer water using atomistic simulations. Moreover, this nanocellulose coverage simultaneously minimizes Li+ surface segregation and mitigates water infiltration. Owing to less material decomposition during the aqueous processing, nanocellulose‐protected NMC electrodes exhibit higher initial coulombic efficiency (83% vs 62% at 0.1C) and capacity (133 vs 59 mAh g−1 at 6C) than unprotected electrodes. Additionally, optimized aqueous‐processed NMC electrodes offer comparable or even superior electrochemical properties compared to the electrodes fabricated using the conventional toxic organic solvent, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Consequently, the developed approach enables affordable, sustainable aqueous processing for Nickel‐rich NMC 811 cathodes with excellent electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy. By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis Vps9b is a pollen‐preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with Vps9a. Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles. Functional loss of Vps9a and Vps9b results in the mis‐targeting of Rab5‐dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post‐Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism and function of the expression of Schwann characteristics by nevus cells in the mature zone of the dermis are unknown. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) induces Schwann cell‐like differentiation of melanoma cells by simulating the process of nevus maturation, which leads to a strong phenotypic transformation of the cells, including the formation of long protrusions and a decrease in cell motility, proliferation, and melanin production. Meanwhile, EGR3 regulates the levels of myelin protein zero (MPZ) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) through SRY‐box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)‐dependent and independent mechanisms, by binding to non‐strictly conserved motifs, respectively. Schwann cell‐like differentiation demonstrates significant benefits in both in vivo and clinical studies. Finally, a CD86‐P2A‐EGR3 recombinant mRNA vaccine is developed which leads to tumor control through forced cell differentiation and enhanced immune infiltration. Together, these data support further development of the recombinant mRNA as a treatment for cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Teratozoospermia is the main pathogenic factor of male infertility. However, the genetic etiology of teratozoospermia is largely unknown. This study aims to clarify the relationship between novel variations in TENT5D and teratozoospermia in infertile patients. Materials and methods: Two infertile patients were enrolled. Routine semen analysis of patients and normal controls was conducted with the WHO guidelines. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify pathogenic variants in the two patients. Morphology and ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa in the two patients was determined by Papanicolaou staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional effect of the identified variants was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The expression of TENT5D in different germ cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Two new hemizygous variations, c.101C > T (p.P34L) and c.125A > T (p.D42V), in TENT5D were detected in two patients with male infertility. Morphology analysis showed abnormalities in spermatozoa morphology in the two patients, including multiple heads, headless, multiple tails, coiled, and/or bent flagella. Ultrastructure analysis showed that most of the spermatozoa exhibited missing or irregularly arranged '9+2' structures. Further functional experiments confirmed the abrogated TENT5D protein expression in patients. In addition, both p.P34L and p.D42V substitutions resulted in a conformational change of the TENT5D protein. We precisely analyzed the subcellular localization of TENT5D in germ cells in humans and mice. And we found that TENT5D was predominantly detected in the head and flagellum of elongating spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa. Conclusions: Our results showed further evidence of a relationship between TENT5D mutation and human male infertility, providing new genetic insight for use in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the structure, functional and physicochemical properties of lotus seed protein (LSP) under different pH environments. The structures of LSP were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, particle size distributions, free sulfhydryl and rheological properties. The functional and physicochemical properties of LSP were characterized by color, foaming property, emulsification property, solubility, oil holding capacity, water holding capacity, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and surface hydrophobicity. RESULTS: LSP was mainly composed of eight subunits (18, 25, 31, 47, 51, 56, 65 and 151 kDa), in which the richest band was 25 kDa. FTIR results showed that LSP had high total contents of α‐helix and β‐sheet (44.81–46.85%) in acidic environments. Meanwhile, there was more β‐structure and random structure in neutral and alkaline environments (pH 7.0 and 9.0). At pH 5.0, LSP had large particle size (1576.98 nm), high emulsion stability index (91.43 min), foaming stability (75.69%) and water holding capacity (2.21 g g−1), but low solubility (35.98%), free sulfhydryl content (1.95 μmol g−1) and surface hydrophobicity (780). DSC analysis showed the denaturation temperatures (82.23 °C) of LSP at pH 5.0 was higher than those (80.10, 80.52 and 71.82 °C) at pH 3.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The analysis of rheological properties showed that LSP gel had high stability and great strength in an alkaline environment. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study are anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for the implementation of LSP in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that enable the coexistence of closely related species remain a major question in ecology, particularly in human‐disturbed habitats. The effects of anthropogenic disturbance and interspecific competition can exacerbate the decline in populations of competing species. The adoption of different strategies in responding to anthropogenic disturbances and competitive avoidances may create opportunities for competing species to coexist. However, few studies have explored how disturbance and competition interact to shape species coexistence. In this study, we conducted long‐term and large‐scale camera trap surveys comprising 540 sampling sites from 2017 to 2021 at Xishuangbanna, southwestern China, and deployed a spatiotemporal analysis framework to determine the effect of anthropogenic disturbances and competitive avoidances on the coexistence of three sympatric macaque species: Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis; MA), northern pig‐tailed macaque (M. leonina; ML), and rhesus macaque (M. mulatta; MM). Macaque species exhibited diverse responses to different types of anthropogenic disturbances. The occurrence probability of MM was positively associated with distance to road and relative abundance of human occurrence, and negatively associated with distance to cropland, which reduces the likelihood of sympatry between MM and the other two species due to their opposing responses to road, cropland, and human occurrence. Conversely, the similar responses to road and cropland increase the sympatry between MA and ML. Three macaque species did not avoid each other through shifting space use or their overall daily activity pattern. However, they delayed using the shared site after other species used it to avoid confrontation. We provide evidence that (1) the spatial co‐occurrence pattern of sympatric macaque species was determined by anthropogenic disturbances rather than by competitive spatial avoidance and (2) fine‐scale temporary avoidance is the strategy to alleviate their interspecific competition. These results enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to species coexistence of nonhuman primates in human‐disturbed habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, a novel frozen pasta product (direct‐fried yeast‐fermented frozen youtiao, DFYF‐frozen youtiao) was developed, and its quality deterioration mechanism was explored from gluten. The comprehensive quality assessment revealed that DFYF‐frozen youtiao essentially satisfied consumers' expectations. However, after 10 freeze–thawed cycles (FTc), its specific volume dropped, accompanied by an 83.3% reduction in gas production capacity. Meanwhile, FTc treatment resulted in a noticeable decrease in springiness and resilience, and increased the hardness and springiness by 32.8% and 44.5% respectively. The deterioration of rheological properties for DFYF‐frozen youtiao dough during FTc was attributed to the loose gluten network, as evidenced by glutenin macropolymer depolymerisation, high hydrophobicity and weak thermal stability of gluten proteins. This study aims to offer technical guidance for producing palatable frozen youtiao with enhanced health attributes and understand the intricate relationships between the characteristics of gluten proteins and quality of DFYF‐frozen youtiao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can minimize the risk of birth defects. However, the accuracy and applicability of routine PGT is confounded by uneven genome coverage and high allele drop‐out rate from existing single‐cell whole genome amplification methods. Here, a method to diagnose genetic mutations and concurrently evaluate embryo competence by leveraging the abundant mRNA transcript copies present in trophectoderm cells is developed. The feasibility of the method is confirmed with 19 donated blastocysts. Next, the method is applied to 82 embryos from 26 families with monogenic defects for simultaneous mutation detection and competence assessment. The accuracy rate of direct mutation detection is up to 95%, which is significantly higher than DNA‐based method. Meanwhile, this approach correctly predicted seven out of eight (87.5%) embryos that failed to implant. Of six embryos that are predicted to implant successfully, four met such expectations (66.7%). Notably, this method is superior at conditions for mutation detection that are challenging when using DNA‐based PGT, such as when detecting pathogenic genes with a high de novo rate, multiple pseudogenes, or an abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats. Taken together, this study establishes the feasibility of an RNA‐based PGT that is also informative for assessing implantation competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export protein that facilitates the transportation of various substances. XPO1 promotes tumor development as a poor prognostic factor in a variety of tumors and is a therapeutic target for screening inhibitors. However, the role of XPO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has yet to be determined. Methods: The expression patterns of XPO1 mRNA in OSCC were investigated using bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of XPO1 protein in OSCC specimens were confirmed by immunohistochemical assays. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of XPO1 on prognosis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were utilized to uncover the signaling pathways mediated by XPO1. Additionally, we examined the association between XPO1 and AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1 and immune infiltration. Results: XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly enhanced in OSCC and associated with OSCC severity. Enhanced XPO1 expression was indicative of poor survival. Functional analysis showed that XPO1 mediated pathways associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and reduced immune infiltration in OSCC. Additionally, XPO1 mRNA and protein expression levels had significant positive relationships with AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1. Conclusions: XPO1, as a marker of poor prognosis in OSCC, can promote OSCC through AKT/MAPK/TGFBR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐drug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of cancer therapy failure. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality that can circumvent MDR and synergize with chemotherapies, based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by photosensitizers. However, overproduction of glutathione (GSH) by cancer cells scavenges ROS and restricts the efficacy of PDT. Additionally, side effects on normal tissues are unavoidable after PDT treatment. Here, to develop organic systems that deliver effective anticancer PDT and chemotherapy simultaneously with very little side effects, three GSH‐sensitive photosensitizer‐drug conjugates (CyR‐SS‐L) are designed and synthesized. CyR‐SS‐L localized in the mitochondria then is cleaved into CyR‐SG and SG‐L parts by reacting with and consuming high levels of intracellular GSH. Notably, CyR‐SG generates high levels of ROS in tumor cells instead of normal cells and be exploited for PDT and the SG‐L part is used for chemotherapy. CyR‐SS‐L inhibits better MDR cancer tumor inhibitory activity than indocyanine green, a photosensitizer (PS) used for PDT in clinical applications. The results appear to be the first to show that CyR‐SS‐L may be used as an alternative PDT agent to be more effective against MDR cancers without obvious damaging normal cells by the combination of PDT, GSH depletion, and chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semitransparent organic photodetectors (ST‐OPDs) show immense promise for integration into optoelectronic devices, offering adjustable absorption and see‐through functionalities. However, achieving high‐performance ST‐OPDs remains challenging, necessitating a delicate balance of low dark current density, high external quantum efficiency, and optimal visible light transmission. Here, a strategy is presented using anode interfacial materials (AIMs) as the donor and narrow bandgap non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) to formulate the donor: acceptor light‐sensitive layer. Critical to the approach is the incorporation of 1,8‐diiodooctane during film processing, enabling the formation of morphology with an NFA molecular crystal network embedded within the donor polymer matrix. This optimized morphology substantially boosted device external quantum efficiency and reduced dark current under reverse bias, yielding a remarkable special detectivity of over 1013 Jones at 840 nm under a bias of −0.1 V. ST‐OPDs are achieved with detectivity surpassing 1012 Jones and notable average visible transmittance of over 50%. These findings highlight the potential of AIM:NFA combinations for high‐efficiency ST‐OPDs by finely controlling morphology through multiple length scales, opening doors for various applications in transparent electronics and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have shown a fact that phase transformation and/or reconstruction are likely to occur and play crucial roles in electrochemical scenarios. Nevertheless, a decisive factor behind the diverse photoelectrochemical activity and selectivity of various copper/silicon photoelectrodes is still largely debated and missing in the community, especially the possibly dynamic behaviors of metal catalyst/semiconductor interface. Herein, through in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope, a model system of Cu nanocrystals with well‐defined facets on black p‐type silicon (BSi) is unprecedentedly demonstrated to reveal the dynamic phase transformation of forming irreversible silicide at Cu nanocrystal‐BSi interface during photoelectrocatalysis, which is validated to originate from the atomic interdiffusion between Cu and Si driven by light‐induced dynamic activation process. Significantly, the adaptive junction at Cu−Si interface is activated by an expansion of interatomic Cu−Cu distance for CO2 electroreduction, which efficiently restricts the C−C coupling pathway but strengthens the bonding with key intermediate of *CHO for CH4 yield, resulting in a remarkable 16‐fold improvement in the product ratio of CH4/C2 products and an intriguing selectivity switch. This work offers new insights into dynamic structural transformations of metal/semiconductor junction and design of highly efficient catalysts toward photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐free metal halide perovskites can potentially be air‐ and water‐stable photocatalysts for organic synthesis, but there are limited studies on them for this application. Separately, machine learning (ML), a critical subfield of artificial intelligence, has played a pivotal role in identifying correlations and formulating predictions based on extensive datasets. Herein, an iterative workflow by incorporating high‐throughput experimental data with ML to discover new lead‐free metal halide perovskite photocatalysts for the aerobic oxidation of styrene is described. Through six rounds of ML optimization guided by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 as a photocatalyst that afforded an 80% yield of benzoic acid under the standard conditions is identified, which is a 13‐fold improvement compared to the 6% with when using Cs2AgBiBr6 as the initial photocatalyst benchmark that is started. BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 can tolerate various functional groups with 22 styrene derivatives, highlighting the generality of the photocatalytic properties demonstrated. Radical scavenging studies and density functional theory calculations revealed that the formation of the reactive oxygen species superoxide and singlet oxygen in the presence of BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 are critical for photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic back pain affected 619 million people globally in 2020 which accounts for a heavy disease burden causing tremendous productivity losses. Current therapies including ibuprofen, duloxetine, and opioids might cause side effects and even severe drug use disorders. Therefore, a non‐pharmacologic therapy with better or equivalent efficacy and fewer side effects is needed. Methods: We did a multi‐center, single‐blinded, randomized, positive drug controlled, clinical trial. Patients with chronic back pain in moderate severity were randomized into receiving hot stone massage or flurbiprofen plaster group. Both interventions were 2 weeks with a follow‐up of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the score of the Global Pain Scale (GPS) from baseline to week 2. Secondary outcomes included Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form‐36 (SF36) from baseline to week 2 and week 6. Exploratory outcome assessment included the muscle thickness measured by ultrasound. Any adverse event was monitored throughout the study period. Results: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this trial. At 2 weeks GPS decreased significantly in the hot stone massage group compared to the flurbiprofen group (difference between groups = ‐8.1 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐15.8 to ‐0.3, p = 0.047). Moreover, hot stone massage also showed more improvement at 2 weeks compared to flurbiprofen, including NRS (‐0.5 points, 95% CI ‐1.0 to ‐0.1, p = 0.029), PSEQ (5.4 points, 95% CI 0.5 to 10.2, p = 0.030), and mental component of Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) (1.7 points, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.9, p = 0.010), but not in CPAQ (p = 0.131), HADS (p = 0.303 for depression, p = 0.399 for anxiety), or SF‐36 (p = 0.129 for physical component, p = 0.246 for social component, p = 0.076 for fatigue component). A total of two participants in the hot stone massage group reported mild pain on skin surface when receiving the procedure at the first intervention session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: For alternative meat products to gain more traction, it is crucial to determine the differences in sensory and nutritional properties between animal and alternative meat food products currently available in the market. The present work compared 27 food products from poultry, pork, and seafood (i.e. three main categories with nine sub‐groups consisting of one animal‐based and two alternative meat products). Results from both the sensory evaluation and instrumental texture analysis indicate that there were distinct differences between the animal meat and their alternative meat counterparts. The alternative meat products tested in this study were divided into five clusters using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, with various clusters associated with different sensory attributes. Differences in the denseness of structure, ingredient interactions, and moisture content contributed to the varied textural properties. The lysine and methionine content in at least one of the alternative meat products was lower than that of their animal meat counterpart for all meat and seafood categories, except for prawn. Alternative meat products containing higher levels of carbohydrates, fibres, and fats resulted in poorer protein digestibility. These findings provide information on the sensorial (both taste and texture) and nutritional gaps that need to be overcome when developing next‐generation alternative meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: White matter (WM) damage is the main target of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), but mounting evidence indicates that genotype‐specific grey matter (GM) damage is not uncommon. Our aim was to identify and compare brain GM and WM damage patterns in HSP subtypes and investigate how gene expression contributes to these patterns, and explore the relationship between GM and WM damage. Methods: In this prospective single‐centre cohort study from 2019 to 2022, HSP patients and controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging evaluations. The alterations of GM and WM patterns were compared between groups by applying a source‐based morphometry approach. Spearman rank correlation was used to explore the associations between gene expression and GM atrophy patterns in HSP subtypes. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the interplay between GM and WM damage. Results: Twenty‐one spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) patients (mean age 50.7 years ± 12.0 SD, 15 men), 21 spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) patients (mean age 29.1 years ± 12.8 SD, 14 men) and 42 controls (sex‐ and age‐matched) were evaluated. Compared to controls, SPG4 and SPG5 showed similar WM damage but different GM atrophy patterns. GM atrophy patterns in SPG4 and SPG5 were correlated with corresponding gene expression (ρ = 0.30, p = 0.008, ρ = 0.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Mediation analysis indicated that GM atrophy patterns were mediated by WM damage in HSP. Conclusions: Grey matter atrophy patterns were distinct between SPG4 and SPG5 and were not only secondary to WM damage but also associated with disease‐related gene expression. Clinical trial registration no. NCT04006418. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eye fundus diseases, such as retinal degenerative diseases, which lead to blindness in ≈12% of individuals aged >65 years, cause permanent damage to retinal cells. The antioxidant quercetin (QC) is promising for the effective treatment of eye fundus diseases; however, its poor solubility and low retention rate often limit its clinical application. Herein, an in situ ophthalmic tethered gold yarnball (GY) that doubles as an ocular retention agent and QC reservoir to overcome low fundus drug retention is developed. After intravitreal injection, QC@GYs enhance retinal cell leakage and internal limiting membrane permeability, facilitating the partial penetration of QC@GYs into the intraretinal tissue. The combination of retina‐tethered QC@GY and first‐level sustained release reduces macular degeneration in vivo by effectively regulating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the sustained release of QC preserves the viability of retinal pigment epithelium cells, reduces apoptosis, and suppresses drusen formation. This preservation of retinal morphology and function maximizes the therapeutic impact while minimizing the need for frequent intraocular administration. Overall, the ophthalmic tethered GY platform is a versatile tool for retinal drug delivery for the treatment of eye fundus diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have prognostic value in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients. Noninvasive tool to preoperatively evaluate TLSs is still lacking. Purpose: To explore the association between TLSs status of ICC and preoperative MRI radiomics analysis. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: One hundred and ninety‐two patients with ICC, divided into training (T = 105), internal validation groups (V1 = 46), and external validation group (V2 = 41). Sequence: Coronal and axial single‐shot fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging, T1‐weighted, and T1WI fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient‐recall echo LAVA sequence at 3.0 T. Assessment: The VOIs were drawn manually within the visible borders of the tumors using ITK‐SNAP version 3.8.0 software in the axial T2WI, DWI, and portal vein phase sequences. Radiomics features were subjected to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to select the associated features of TLSs and construct the radiomics model. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinical radiological variables associated with TLSs. The performances were evaluated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). Statistical Tests: Logistic regression analysis, ROC and AUC, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Kaplan–Meier method with the log‐rank test, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The AUCs of arterial phase diffuse hyperenhancement were 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.67), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.43–0.61), and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.52–0.80) in the T, V1, and V2 cohorts. The AUCs of Rad‐score were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77–0.92), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67–0.94), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71–0.96) in the T, V1, and V2 cohorts, respectively. In cohort T, low‐risk group showed significantly better median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) than that of the high‐risk group, which was also confirmed in cohort V1 and V2. Data Conclusion: A preoperative MRI radiomics signature is associated with the intratumoral TLSs status of ICC patients and correlate significantly with RFS. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing reliable noninvasive tools to precisely diagnose clinically significant liver fibrosis (SF, ≥F2) remains an unmet need. We aimed to build a combined radiomics‐clinic (CoRC) model for triaging SF and explore the additive value of the CoRC model to transient elastography‐based liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan, TE‐LSM). This retrospective study recruited 595 patients with biopsy‐proven liver fibrosis at two centers between January 2015 and December 2021. At Center 1, the patients before December 2018 were randomly split into training (276) and internal test (118) sets, the remaining were time‐independent as a temporal test set (96). Another data set (105) from Center 2 was collected for external testing. Radiomics scores were built with selected features from Deep learning‐based (ResUNet) automated whole liver segmentations on MRI (T2FS and delayed enhanced‐T1WI). The CoRC model incorporated radiomics scores and relevant clinical variables with logistic regression, comparing routine approaches. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The additive value of the CoRC model to TE‐LSM was investigated, considering necroinflammation. The CoRC model achieved AUCs of 0.79 (0.70, 0.86), 0.82 (0.73, 0.89), and 0.81 (0.72‐0.91), outperformed FIB‐4, APRI (all p < 0.05) in the internal, temporal, and external test sets and maintained the discriminatory power in G0‐1 subgroups (AUCs range, 0.85–0.86; all p < 0.05). The AUCs of joint CoRC‐LSM model were 0.86 (0.79–0.94), and 0.81 (0.72–0.90) in the internal and temporal sets (p = 0.01). The CoRC model was useful for triaging SF, and may add value to TE‐LSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The microbial profiles of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis (PT) are inconclusive. The controversies mainly arise from the differences in sampling sites, targeted gene fragment, and microbiome analysis techniques. The objective of this study was to explore the microbiomes of peri‐implantitis (PI), control implants (CI), PT and control teeth (CT), and the microbial change of PI after nonsurgical treatment (PIAT). Methods: Twenty‐two patients diagnosed with both PT and peri‐implantitis were recruited. Clinical periodontal parameters and radiographic bone levels were recorded. In each patient, the subgingival and submucosal plaque samples were collected from sites with PI, CI, PT, CT, and PIAT. Microbiome diversity was analyzed by high‐throughput amplicon sequencing using full‐length of 16S rRNA gene by next generation sequencing. Results: The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed 512 OTUs in oral microbiome and 377 OTUs reached strain levels. The PI and PT groups possessed their own unique core microbiome. Treponema denticola was predominant in PI with probing depth of 8–10 mm. Interestingly, Thermovirga lienii DSM 17291 and Dialister invisus DSM 15470 were found to associate with PI. Nonsurgical treatment for peri‐implantitis did not significantly alter the microbiome, except Rothia aeria. Conclusion: Our study suggests Treponemas species may play a pivotal role in peri‐implantitis. Nonsurgical treatment did not exert a major influence on the peri‐implantitis microbiome in short‐term follow‐up. PT and peri‐implantitis possess the unique microbiome profiles, and different therapeutic strategies may be suggested in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Hydronidone (HDD) is a novel pirfenidone derivative developed initially to reduce hepatotoxicity. Our previous studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that HDD treatment effectively attenuates liver fibrosis, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether HDD exerts its anti‐fibrotic effect by inducing apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) through the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Methods: The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐ and 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐induced liver fibrosis models were used for in vivo studies. In vitro studies were conducted using the human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2. The apoptotic effect of HDD on aHSCs was examined using TUNEL and flow cytometry assays. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was employed to downregulate the expression of interest genes. Results: HDD treatment significantly promoted apoptosis in aHSCs in both the CCl4‐ and DDC‐induced liver fibrosis in mice and LX‐2 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDD triggered ERS and subsequently activated the IRE1α‐ASK1‐JNK pathway. Furthermore, the influx of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm was increased, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately triggering apoptosis in aHSCs. Notably, inhibition of IRE1α or ASK1 by siRNA partially abrogated the pro‐apoptotic effect of HDD in aHSCs. Conclusions: The findings of both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that HDD induces apoptosis in aHSCs via the ERS‐associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, potentially contributing to the amelioration of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to a financial crisis, many organizations adjust their pay systems to reduce labor costs. In this research, we focus on the use of delayed pay (the postponement of employees' contractual compensation) and examine its effect on employee voluntary turnover outcomes. In a field study (Study 1) with data collected from the executive managers of 129 Chinese hotels experiencing a financial crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we find a positive relationship between delayed pay and the voluntary turnover rate at the organizational level. In addition, this relationship becomes weaker when delayed pay consists of a larger proportion of pay‐for‐performance (PFP). We then conduct an experiment (Study 2) to extend our theoretical framework to the individual level, establish causality, and examine the underlying mechanism. The results show that the perceived negative instrumentality of stay (i.e., expected economic losses associated with staying in an organization) explains why individuals intend to leave organizations adopting delayed base pay but not delayed PFP. We further replicate these findings in a critical incident technique study (Study 3). We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase transitions in molecular solids involve synergistic changes in chemical and electronic structures, leading to diversification in physical and chemical properties. Despite the pivotal role of hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) in many phase‐transition materials, it is rare and challenging to chemically regulate the dynamics and to elucidate the structure‐property relationship. Here, four high‐spin CoII compounds were isolated and systematically investigated by modifying the ligand terminal groups (X=S, Se) and substituents (Y=Cl, Br). S−Cl and Se−Br undergo a reversible structural phase transition near room temperature, triggering the rotation of 15‐crown‐5 guests and the swing between syn‐ and anti‐conformation of NCX− ligands, accompanied by switchable magnetism. Conversely, S−Br and Se−Cl retain stability in ordered and disordered phases, respectively. H‐bonds geometric analysis and ab initio calculations reveal that the electronegativity of X and Y affects the strength of NY‐ap−H⋅⋅⋅X interactions. Entropy‐driven structural phase transitions occur when the H‐bond strength is appropriate; otherwise, the phase stays unchanged if it is too strong or weak. This work highlights a phase transition driven by H‐bond strength complementarity – pairing strong acceptor with weak donor and vice versa, which offers a straightforward and effective approach for designing phase‐transition molecular solids from a chemical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit ripening is associated with the degreening process (loss of chlorophyll) that occurs in most fruit species. Kiwifruit is one of the special species whose fruits may maintain green flesh by accumulating a large amount of chlorophyll even after ripening. However, little is known about the genetic variations related to the fruit degreening process. Here, a graph‐based kiwifruit pangenome by analyzing 14 chromosome‐scale haplotype‐resolved genome assemblies from seven representative cultivars or lines in Actinidia chinensis is built. A total of 49,770 non‐redundant gene families are identified, with core genes constituting 46.6%, and dispensable genes constituting 53.4%. A total of 84,591 non‐redundant structural variations (SVs) are identified. The pangenome graph integrating both reference genome sequences and variant information facilitates the identification of SVs related to fruit color. The SV in the promoter of the AcBCM gene determines its high expression in the late developmental stage of fruits, which causes chlorophyll accumulation in the green‐flesh fruits by post‐translationally regulating AcSGR2, a key enzyme of chlorophyll catabolism. Taken together, a high‐quality pangenome is constructed, unraveled numerous genetic variations, and identified a novel SV mediating fruit coloration and fruit quality, providing valuable information for further investigating genome evolution and domestication, QTL genes function, and genomics‐assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In point‐of‐care diagnostics, the continuous monitoring of sweat constituents provides a window into individual's physiological state. For species like horses, with abundant sweat glands, sweat composition can serve as an early health indicator. Considering the salience of such metrics in the domain of high‐value animal breeding, a sophisticated wearable sensor patch tailored is introduced for the dynamic assessment of equine sweat, offering insights into pH, potassium ion (K+), and temperature profiles during episodes of heat stress and under normal physiological conditions. The device integrates a laser‐engraved graphene (LEG) sensing electrode array, a non‐invasive iontophoretic module for stimulated sweat secretion, an adaptable signal processing unit, and an embedded wireless communication framework. Profiting from an admirable Truth Table capable of logical evaluation, the integrated system enabled the early and timely assessment for heat stress, with high accuracy, stability, and reproducibility. The sensor patch has been calibrated to align with the unique dermal and physiological contours of equine anatomy, thereby augmenting its applicability in practical settings. This real‐time analysis tool for equine perspiration stands to revolutionize personalized health management approaches for high‐value animals, marking a significant stride in the integration of smart technologies within the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an urgent global public health problem. Notably, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in early anti‐TB immune response. Targeted control of them may be an effective method to improve vaccine efficacy and TB treatment. However, the biology and signal regulation mechanisms of MAIT cells in TB patients are still poorly understood. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of reagents to specifically identify MAIT cells. In addition, the use of alternative markers may subsume non‐MAIT cell into MAIT cell populations. In this study, the human MR1 tetramer which can specifically identify MAIT cells was used to further explore the effect and mechanism of MAIT cells in anti‐TB immune response. Our results showed that the tetramer+ MAIT cells in peripheral blood of TB patients were mainly CD8+ or CD4−CD8− cells, and very few were CD4+ cells. After BCG infecting autologous antigen‐presenting cells, MAIT cells in patients produced significantly higher levels of cytokines, lysis and proliferation compared with healthy controls. After suppression of mTORC1 by the mTORC1‐specific inhibitor rapamycin, the immune response of MAIT cells in patients was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that peripheral blood tetramer+ MAIT cells from TB patients have significant anti‐TB immune effect, which is regulated by mTORC1. This could provide ideas and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti‐TB immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both venetoclax plus a hypomethylating agent (VEN/HMA) and cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (CAG) are low‐intensity regimens for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that show good efficacy and safety. It is unknown how VEN/HMA compares with the CAG regimen for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML. Methods: The outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed AML treated with VEN/HMA were compared with those of patients treated with a CAG‐based regimen. Propensity score matching between these two cohorts at a 1:1 ratio was performed according to age at diagnosis, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, state of fitness, and European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2022 risk stratification to minimize bias. Results: A total of 84 of 96 patients in the VEN/HMA cohort were matched with 84 of 147 patients in the CAG cohort. VEN/HMA resulted in a better response than the CAG‐based regimens, as indicated by a higher composite complete remission (CRc) rate (82.1% vs. 60.7%; p =.002) and minimal residual disease negativity rate (88.2% vs. 68.2%; p =.009). In patients with an ELN adverse risk, VEN/HMA was associated with a higher CRc rate compared to CAG (80.5% vs. 58.3%; p =.006). VEN/HMA was associated with longer event‐free survival (EFS) (median EFS, not reached vs. 4.5 months; p =.0004), whereas overall survival (OS) was comparable between the two cohorts (median OS, not reached vs. 18 months; p =.078). Conclusions: The VEN/HMA regimen may result in a better response than CAG‐based treatment in older patients with newly diagnosed AML. Patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia responded better to venetoclax plus a hypomethylating agent than to cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor–based treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence shows that inflammation is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization. Histamine, a proinflammatory factor that is present in almost all mammalian tissues, is synthesized through decarboxylating histidine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Although histamine is known to be essential for decidualization, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In the present study, histamine had no obvious direct effects on in vitro decidualization in mice. However, the obvious differences in HDC protein levels between day 4 of pregnancy and day 4 of pseudopregnancy, as well as between delayed and activated implantation, suggested that the blastocyst may be involved in regulating HDC expression. Furthermore, blastocyst‐derived tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) significantly increased HDC levels in the luminal epithelium. Histamine increased the levels of amphiregulin (AREG) and disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 17 (ADAM17) proteins, which was abrogated by treatment with famotidine, a specific histamine type 2 receptor (H2R) inhibitor, or by TPAI‐1 (a specific inhibitor of ADAM17). Intraluminal injection of urocanic acid (HDC inhibitor) on day 4 of pregnancy significantly reduced the number of implantation sites on day 5 of pregnancy. TNFα‐stimulated increases in HDC, AREG and ADAM17 protein levels was abrogated by urocanic acid, a specific inhibitor of HDC. Additionally, AREG treatment significantly promoted in vitro decidualization. Collectively, our data suggests that blastocyst‐derived TNFα induces luminal epithelial histamine secretion, and histamine increases mouse decidualization through ADAM17‐mediated AREG release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin microbiota is essential for health maintenance. Photoaging is the primary environmental factor that affects skin homeostasis, but whether it influences the skin microbiota remains unclear. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between photoaging and skin microbiome. Methods: A cohort of senior bus drivers was considered as a long‐term unilateral ultraviolet (UV) irradiated population. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to assess skin microbial composition variations on different sides of their faces. The microbiome characteristics of the photoaged population were further examined by photoaging guinea pig models, and the correlations between microbial metabolites and aging‐related cytokines were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Photoaging decreased the relative abundance of microorganisms including Georgenia and Thermobifida in human skin and downregulated the generation of skin microbe‐derived antioxidative metabolites such as ectoin. In animal models, Lactobacillus and Streptobacillus abundance in both the epidermis and dermis dropped after UV irradiation, resulting in low levels of skin antioxidative molecules and leading to elevated expressions of the collagen degradation factors matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐2 and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6. Conclusions: Skin microbial characteristics have an impact in photoaging and the loss of microbe‐derived antioxidative metabolites impairs skin cells and accelerates the aging process. Therefore, microbiome‐based therapeutics may have potential in delaying skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Methods Results Conclusion Herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) with radiculopathy is a common degenerative spine disorder. Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is one of the pain relief treatments for lumbar radiculopathy recommended by evidence‐based guidelines. Adequate contrast distribution is correlated with better pain control, but the best approach has not been confirmed yet.To confirm the distribution of contrast medium injected with a new approach of TFESI, that is, far lateral lateral recess approach (FLLR‐TFESI).Patients receiving TFESI due to HIVD with radiculopathy between 2010 January and 2020 August were retrospectively enrolled. While the FLLR‐TFESI was taken as the experimental group, the conventional approach was viewed as the control group. The baseline characteristics, the pattern of contrast enhancement under fluoroscopic guidance, and the complications of these patients were collected and analyzed.A total of 380 patients were analyzed (143 in control group and 237 in experimental group). The two groups were balanced in most baseline characteristics, except disc extrusion (p = 0.01) and scoliosis (p = 0.04). The FLLR‐TFESI have a better contrast distribution (p < 0.01), even after adjustment (p < 0.001). No intrathecal injection was noted, but higher rate of intra‐disc injection was noted in FLLR‐TFESI group (10% vs. 3%, p = 0.008).The FLLR‐TFESI has a superior contrast enhancement and distribution in comparison to conventional approach. Prospective study to confirm the study result as well as the clinical benefits is suggested in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Most people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) also suffer from two or more chronic conditions, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC). While many studies have investigated the MCC patterns, few studies have considered the synergistic interactions with other factors (called the syndemic factors) specifically for people with ADRD. METHODS: We included 40,290 visits and identified 18 MCC from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Then, we utilized a multi‐label XGBoost model to predict developing MCC based on existing MCC patterns and individualized syndemic factors. RESULTS: Our model achieved an overall arithmetic mean of 0.710 AUROC (SD = 0.100) in predicting 18 developing MCC. While existing MCC patterns have enough predictive power, syndemic factors related to dementia, social behaviors, mental and physical health can improve model performance further. DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrated that the MCC patterns among people with ADRD can be learned using a machine‐learning approach with syndemic framework adjustments. Highlights: Machine learning models can learn the MCC patterns for people with ADRD.The learned MCC patterns should be adjusted and individualized by syndemic factors.The model can predict which disease is developing based on existing MCC patterns.As a result, this model enables early specific MCC identification and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy is a self‐recycling machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading harmful materials in the cell. Autophagy‐related gene 5 (Atg5) is required for autophagosome maturation. However, the role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis under autophagy deficient conditions remains unclear. This study focused on the autophagy‐independent role of Atg5 and the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that knockout of autophagy‐related genes including Atg5, Atg7, Atg9, and p62 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells consistently decreased cell proliferation and motility, implying that autophagy is required to maintain diverse cellular functions. An Atg7 knockout MEF (Atg7−/− MEF) cell line representing deprivation of autophagy function was used to clarify the role of Atg5 transgene in tumorigenesis. We found that Atg5‐overexpressed Atg7−/‐MEF (clone A) showed increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration under autophagy deficient conditions. Accordingly, rescuing the autophagy deficiency of clone A by overexpression of Atg7 gene shifts the role of Atg5 from pro‐tumor to anti‐tumor status, indicating the dual role of Atg5 in tumorigenesis. Notably, the xenograft mouse model showed that clone A of Atg5‐overexpressed Atg7−/− MEF cells induced temporal tumor formation, but could not prolong further tumor growth. Finally, biomechanical analysis disclosed increased Wnt5a secretion and p‐JNK expression along with decreased β‐catenin expression. In summary, Atg5 functions as a tumor suppressor to protect the cell under normal conditions. In contrast, Atg5 shifts to a pro‐tumor status under autophagy deprivation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy can be classified as degradative and secretory based on distinct functions. The small GTPase proteins Rab8a and Rab37 are responsible for secretory autophagy‐mediated exocytosis of IL‐1β, insulin, and TIMP1 (tissue inhibitor of 54 metalloproteinase 1). Other Rab family members participating in secretory autophagy are poorly understood. Herein, we identified 26 overlapped Rab proteins in purified autophagosomes of mouse pancreatic β‐cell "Min‐6" and human lung cancer cell "CL1‐5‐Q89L" with high secretory autophagy tendency by LC–MS/MS proteomics analysis. Six Rab proteins (Rab8a, Rab11b, Rab27a, Rab35, Rab37, and Rab7a) were detected in autophagosomes of four cell lines, associating them with autophagy‐related vesicle trafficking. We used CL1‐5‐Q89L cell line model to evaluate the levels of Rab proteins colocalization with autophagy LC3 proteins and presence in purified autophagosomes. We found five Rab proteins (Rab8a, Rab11b, Rab27a, Rab35, and Rab37) are highly expressed in the autophagosome compared to the normal control by immunoblotting under active secretion conditions. However, only Rab8a, Rab35, and Rab37 showing high colocalization with LC3 protein by cofocal microscopy. Despite the discrepancy between the image and immunoblotting analysis, our data sustains the speculation that Rab8a, Rab11b, Rab27a, Rab35, and Rab37 are possibly associated with the secretory autophagy machinery. In contrast, Rab7a shows low colocalization with LC3 puncta and low level in the autophagosome, suggesting it regulates different vesicle trafficking machineries. Our findings open a new direction toward exploring the role of Rab proteins in secretory autophagy‐related cargo exocytosis and identifying the cargoes and effectors regulated by specific Rab proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The increasing attention toward frozen soy‐based foods has sparked interest. Variations exist in the quality and structure of soymilk gels induced by different salt ions, leading to diverse changes post‐freezing. This study compared and analyzed the effects of calcium chloride (CC), magnesium chloride (MC) and calcium sulfate (CS) on the quality characteristics and protein structure changes of soymilk gels (CC‐S, MC‐S and CS‐S) before and after freezing, and clarified the mechanisms of freezing on soymilk gel. RESULTS: The formation rate of soymilk gel is influenced by the type of salt ions. In comparison to CS and MC, soymilk gel induced by CC exhibited the fastest formation rate, highest gel hardness, lowest moisture content, and smaller gel pores. However, freezing treatment deteriorated the quality of soymilk gel induced by different salt ions, leading to a decline in textural properties (hardness and chewiness). Among these, the textual state of CC‐induced soymilk gel remained optimal, exhibiting the least apparent damage and minimal cooking loss. Freezing treatments prompt a transition of soymilk gel secondary structure from β‐turns to β‐sheets, disrupting the protein's tertiary structure. Furthermore, freezing treatments also fostered the crosslinking between soymilk gel protein, increasing the content of disulfide bonds. CONCLUSION: The quality of frozen soymilk gel is influenced by the rate of gel formation induced by salt ions. After freezing, soymilk gel with faster gelation rates exhibited a greater tendency for the transformation of protein–water interactions into protein–protein interactions. They showed a higher degree of disulfide bond formation, resulting in a more tightly knit and firm frozen gel network structure with denser and more uniformly distributed pores. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally sourced pH‐sensitive indicator films are of interest for real‐time monitoring of food freshness through color changes because of their safety. Therefore, natural pigments for indicator films are required. However, pigment stability is affected by environmental factors, which can in turn affect the sensitivity and color stability of the pH‐sensitive indicator film. First, natural pigments (anthocyanin, betalain, curcumin, alizarin, and shikonin) commonly used in pH‐sensitive indicator films are presented. Subsequently, the mechanisms behind the change in pigment color under different pH environments and their applications in monitoring food freshness are also described. Third, influence factors, such as the sources, types, and pH sensitivity of pigments, as well as environmental parameters (light, temperature, humidity, and oxygen) of sensitivity and color stability, are analyzed. Finally, methods for improving the pH‐sensitive indicator film are explored, encapsulation of natural pigments, incorporation of a hydrophobic film‐forming matrix or function material, and protective layer have been shown to enhance the color stability of indicator films, the addition of copigments or mental ions, blending of different natural pigments, and the utilization of electrospinning have been proved to increase the color sensitivity of indicator films. This review could provide theoretical support for the development of naturally sourced pH‐sensitive indicator films with high stability and sensitivity and facilitate the development in the field of monitoring food freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique structural features of hard carbon (HC) make it a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIB). However, traditional methods of preparing HC require special equipment, long reaction times, and large energy consumption, resulting in low throughputs and efficiency. In our contribution, a novel synthesis method is proposed, involving the formation of HC nanosheets (NS‐CNs) within minutes by creating an anoxic environment through flame combustion and further introducing sulfur and nitrogen sources to achieve heteroatom doping. The effect of heterogeneous element doping on the microstructure of HC is quantitatively analyzed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and image processing technology. Combined with density functional theory calculation, it is verified that the functionalized HC exhibits stronger Na+ adsorption ability, electron gain ability, and Na+ migration ability. As a result, NS‐CNs as SIB anodes provide an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 542.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and excellent rate performance with a reversible capacity of 236.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 1200 cycles. Furthermore, full cell assembled with NS‐CNs as the can present 230 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 150 cycles. Finally, in/ex situ techniques confirm that the excellent sodium storage properties of NS‐CNs are due to the construction of abundant active sites based on the novel synthesis method for realizing the reversible adsorption of Na+. This work provides a novel strategy to develop novel carbons and gives deep insights for the further investigation of facile preparation methods to develop high‐performance carbon anodes for alkali‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA genes with important roles in cancer biology regulation. There are considerable studies regarding the roles of microRNA‐505‐3p (miR‐505‐3p) in cancer development and progression, but the function of miR‐505‐3p in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not been fully clarified. Comparative analysis of miRNA expression data set was used to select differentially expressed miRNAs. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect expression levels of RNAs, while western blot and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect expression levels of proteins of interest. The motility of EOC cells was assessed by wound healing and transwell assays. The binding and regulating relationship between miRNA and its direct target gene was investigated by dual‐luciferase assay. Our results show that miR‐505‐3p was upregulated in recurrent EOC, which significantly inhibits EOC cell motility via modulating cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, our results indicated that PEAK1 expression was inhibited by direct binding of miR‐505‐3p into its 3′‐URT in EOC cells. Importantly, knockdown of PEAK1 attenuated the effect of mi‐505‐3p inhibitor on EOC cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings indicate that miRNA‐505‐3p inhibits EOC cell motility by targeting PEAK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, rechargeable lithium metal battery systems relied on simple metal cationic species to enable metal nucleation and deposition. However, this mechanism is less applicable to room‐temperature rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs), which utilize complex ionic species. This work takes advantage of two different MXenes, Mo2Ti2C3Tx and Ti3C2Tx, which have different metal‐termination group bond strengths, interlayer spacings, and surface termination compositions, to amplify and visualize the differences between two promising RAB electrolytes (i.e., urea/AlCl3 and EMImCl/AlCl3). This work allowed us to deduce the following: 1) despite lower coulombic efficiencies, smoother Al deposits are observed when the urea/AlCl3 electrolyte is used; 2) unknown side reactions occur in all the different scenarios, however, they are likely less reversible in the EMImCl/AlCl3 electrolyte; 3) metal‐halogen exchange reactions can occur in all scenarios, forming Al(OF)x and AlFx species; 4) the free urea in urea/AlCl3 electrolyte behaves differently from the urea in aqueous solutions. Overall, due to the characteristics of aluminum, RABs involve vastly different internal mechanisms, resulting in the need for audacious attempts toward system understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]