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Overall, the risk is modest (6.4% at 2 y), and the CNS-IPI remains predictive of CNS relapse in DZsig+ DLBCL. CNS relapse events in DZsig+ occurred more frequently in pts with a high CNS-IPI (2 y risk: 20% high vs. 3.4% low/intermediate (int) I p i = 0.02). B Introduction: b Central nervous system (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with dismal outcomes necessitating the identification of high-risk patients (pts). [Extracted from the article] more...

New nanophenolic oxime complexes of the type [M(κ2‐Saly)2] {where HSaly = salicyl‐aldoxime; M = Co(1), Ni(2), Cu(3), Pd(4), Pt(5), Zn(6), Cd(7), and Hg(8)} were prepared and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. The surface morphology and the micrographs of the investigated complexes were checked by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results indicate the successful preparation of nanocomplexes with nanoparticles size. In addition, the antibacterial activity was studied against three different pathogenic bacteria, and the Pt(II) complex displayed the highest activity compared with free salicylaldoxime ligand and other complexes. Magnetic susceptibility and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopic measurements were used to deduce the geometry of the complexes, which was then validated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The in vitro antitumor activity was investigated by MTT assays against HepG‐2 cell lines. The Zn(II) and Pt(II) complexes displayed good activity with IC50 values at 17.31 ± 0.95 and 11.78 ± 0.54 μM, respectively. In contrast, the [Cu(Saly)2] and [Ni(Saly)2] complexes showed the lowest activity against tested cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: ABO blood groups have been linked to susceptibility to infection with certain microorganisms, including coronaviruses. We examined the relationship between blood group and clinical outcomes in individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and compared their blood group distribution with the general population.Methods: At the inception of the pandemic, all individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kuwait were admitted to one designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital and enrolled in a prospective registry. Patients admitted from February 24 to May 27, 2020, were stratified according to blood group. As a control, blood groups of 3,730,027 anonymized individuals representing almost Kuwait's entire population were obtained from a national database.Results: Of 3305 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, 37.1%, 25.5%, 28.9%, and 8.5% were groups O, A, B, and AB, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in severe clinical outcomes or death among the blood groups. However, multivariable analysis demonstrated that group A individuals had higher odds of developing pneumonia compared with non-group A (adjusted odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.72, p < .036). Compared with the general population, the COVID-19 cohort had a lower frequency of group O, equivalent frequency of A, and higher frequency of B and AB. No significant difference in the RhD group was found.Conclusion: This study supports potential involvement of the ABO blood group system in predisposing to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in an unselected population. Examination of the mechanistic link between blood group and COVID-19 and its implications on controlling the current pandemic is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a cytokine storm syndrome associated with mortality rates of up to 88%. Standard therapy with high‐dose glucocorticoids and etoposide used in adults is extrapolated from pediatric trials, with significant toxicity in older patients and those with poor performance status. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has recently gained attention as a treatment option for HLH due to its broad cytokine‐modulating abilities and safety profile. Herein we report our center's experience using ruxolitinib in the treatment of adult‐onset secondary HLH. Case series: We report four patients with profound secondary HLH provoked by diverse triggers, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on background systemic lupus erythematosus, disseminated tuberculosis, and T‐cell lymphoma treated with ruxolitinib as monotherapy or combination therapy in upfront and salvage settings. Results: All four patients had rapid, sustained improvement in clinical status, inflammatory markers, and hematological cell counts followed by durable remission. Three patients developed manageable infectious complications postruxolitinib. Conclusions: This series demonstrates the effective use of JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib to control pathological immune activation in critically ill patients with secondary HLH and otherwise limited therapeutic options. JAK inhibition is also an area of urgent investigation for the treatment of cytokine storm associated with COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article discusses a study on mechanistic differences in induction of immunogenic cell death by type I rituximab and type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. It mentions that the study included assessment of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as heat-shock proteins (HSPs), glycoengineering of type II anti-CD20 antibody GA101 for enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The study revealed that cellular immune response in vivo further research. more...

Clear cell carcinomas (CCC) of themullerian systemare considered high grade tumors, but morphologically, the cells of CCC show both low and high grade features. The aims of the current study were to categorize CCC into low and high nuclear grade types, correlate their association with endometriosis, and then observe possible variations in pathogenesis based on their expression of p53 and Ki-67. We studied 41 pure mullerian CCCs and designated each as either a high (HNG) or low (LNG) nuclear grade tumor. Morphologically, 17 (41%) CCCs were LNG and 24 (59%) were HNG. Nine (38%) HNG and 2 (12%) LNG tumors showed positive immunostaining with p53. Endometriosis was associated with 8 (47%) LNG tumors and 8 (33%) HNG CCCs. Of the 11 cases with p53 alteration, 4 (1 LNG and 3 HNG) were associated with endometriosis. Conclusions: HNG CCCs, irrespective of their association with endometriosis, have alterations of p53. In general, LNG ovarian and endometrial CCCs, irrespective of their association with endometriosis/adenomyosis, are less likely to show p53 alteration. It appears that mullerian CCCs may have variable pathogenesis depending on their nuclear grade and association with endometriosis. A larger study is needed to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Lynch syndrome or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is caused by mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. The extracolonic tumour spectrum includes endometrial, ovarian, gastric, small bowel, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, brain, and urothelial neoplasms. Families were referred on the basis of clinical criteria. Tumour immunohistochemistry and microsatellite testing were performed. Appropriate patients underwent sequencing of relevant exons of the MMR genes. Proven and obligate mutation carriers and first-degree relatives (FDRs) with a Lynch syndrome spectrum cancer were considered mutation carriers, as were a proportion of untested, unaffected FDRs based on the proportion of unaffected relatives testing positive in each age group. Kaplan–Meier analysis of risk to 70 years was calculated. One hundred and eighty-four Lynch syndrome spectrum extracolonic cancers in 839 proven, obligate, or assumed mutation carriers were analysed. Cumulative risk for females of an extracolonic tumour is 47.4% (95% CI 43.9–50.8). The risk to males is 26.5% (95% CI 22.6–30.4). There was no reduction in gynaecological malignancies due to gynaecological screening (examination, transvaginal ultrasound scan, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy). Males have a higher risk of gastric cancer than females (p = 0.0003). Gastric cancer risk in those born after 1935 does not justify surveillance. These penetrance estimates have been corrected for ascertainment bias and are appropriate for those referred to a high-risk clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by inactivating mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. An accurate estimation of colorectal cancer risk for mutation carriers is essential for counselling and rationalizing screening programmes. Families were referred on the basis of clinical criteria. Tumour immunohistochemistry and microsatellite testing were performed. Appropriate patients underwent sequencing of all relevant exons of the MMR genes. Proven and obligate mutation carriers and first-degree relatives (FDRs) with an HNPCC spectrum cancer were considered mutation carriers, as were a proportion of untested, unaffected FDRs based on the proportion of unaffected relatives testing positive in each age group. The cumulative lifetime risk was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Three hundred and forty-one colorectal cancers in 839 proven, obligate, or assumed mutation carriers were analysed. The cumulative risk to age 70 years for all mutation carriers combined was 50.4% (95% CI 47.8–52.9). The cumulative risk in males was 54.3% (95% CI 50.7–57.8), which was significantly higher than in females (log rank p = 0.02) who had a risk of 46.3% (95% CI 42.8–49.9). These penetrance estimates from HNPCC families attending high-risk clinics have been corrected for ascertainment bias and are appropriate risks for those referred to a high-risk clinic. Current colonoscopic screening guidelines are appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...