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Given the increasing demand for electricity due to modernization and population growth, there is an urgent need to develop renewable energy conversion technologies such as photovoltaics. Among these technologies, CsPbIBr2, an all‐inorganic lead halide‐based perovskite, has shown promise due to its thermal stability, phase stability, and ease of fabrication. However, challenges remain, particularly in addressing device hysteresis and stability. Novel materials and optimized device designs could help overcome these challenges. This comprehensive review discusses strategies such as interface engineering, film quality improvement, compositional engineering, defect passivation, band alignments, and metal ion doping to enhance the performance of CsPbIBr2‐based perovskite films and, in turn, their potential for photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, regarded as cutting‐edge two‐dimensional (2D) materials, have been widely explored in various applications due to their remarkable flexibility, high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, and interesting electrical conductivity. Recently, 2D MXene has served as a ideal platform for the design and development of electrocatalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. This review article provides a detailed description of the structural engineering of MXene‐based electrocatalysts and summarizes the uses of 2D MXene in hydrogen evolution reactions, nitrogen reduction reactions, oxygen evolution reactions, oxygen reduction reactions, and methanol/ethanol oxidation. Then, key issues and prospects for 2D MXene as a next‐generation platform in fundamental research and real‐world electrocatalysis applications are discussed. Emphasis will be given to material design and enhancement techniques. Finally, future research directions are suggested to improve the efficiency of MXene‐based electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver infused ultrathin TiO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized via a single step solvothermal approach. The crystallinity, structure, and morphology were determined to understand the physicochemical nature of the nanocomposites. The catalytic efficiency of the newly synthesized nanocatalysts was tested for the textile waste treatment taking methylene blue (MB) as model pollutant under solar light irradiations. Nearly 96% photodegradation efficiency for MB was achieved within 20 min. Furthermore, the recyclability of the photocatalyst was also studied, and the material remained stable and effective up to four consecutive runs. Research Highlights: Precise size‐controlled synthesis of Ag‐incorporated titania nanowires (ATNWs)Controlled aspect ratios, with tunable lengths and diameters (100–3 nm) via precursor and surfactant optimizationDemonstrated ATNWs' efficiency in degrading toxic dye, methylene blue (MB)96% photodegradation efficiency for MB achieved within 20 min using 3 nm thick annealed TiO2 NWsRecyclability efficiency of photocatalyst, which remained stable and effective for up to four consecutive runs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high‐pressure, high‐temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs′ size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs′ biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems. NDs serve as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery, showcasing biocompatibility and the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents for targeted delivery. Additionally, NDs demonstrate potential in cancer treatment through hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement for improved immune responses. Functionalization of NDs facilitates their utilization in biosensors for sensitive biomolecule detection, aiding in precise diagnostics and rapid detection of infectious diseases. This review underscores the multifaceted role of NDs in advancing biomedical applications. By synthesizing NDs through various methods and modifying their surfaces, researchers can tailor their properties for specific biomedical needs. The ability of NDs to serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles holds promise for targeted therapy, while their applications in hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement offer innovative approaches to cancer treatment and immunization. Furthermore, the integration of NDs into biosensors enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biomolecules and infectious diseases. Overall, the diverse functionalities of NDs underscore their potential as valuable tools in nanomedicine, paving the way for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic effect of bimetallic co‐incorporated metal oxides have gained enormous attention due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present the green synthesis of ZnO, Cu‐incorporated ZnO, Mn‐incorporated ZnO, and Cu‐Mn co‐incorporated nanoparticles (ZnO NPs, CuZnO NPs, MnZnO NPs, MnCuZnO NPs) for antimicrobial and photocatalytic reduction applications using corn silk extract and industrial metal wastes. The as‐synthesized NPs were characterized by using UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powdered x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CuZnO, MnZnO, and MnCuZnO NPs efficiently inhibited bacterial culture growth. The photocatalytic reduction activity of as‐synthesized NPs against the different concentrations of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in water was also investigated. CuZnO and MnCuZnO nanoparticles were to be efficient photocatalysts for reducing 4‐NP into 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). Research Highlights: Green synthesis of nanomaterials by agricultural and industrial wastesCu and Mn co‐incorporated ZnO NPs have shown good photocatalysis and antimicrobial activitiesGreen approach for waste conversion to value‐added products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have shown a rapid increase in efficiency than other photovoltaic technology. Despite its success in terms of efficiency, this technology is inundated with numerous challenges hindering the progress towards commercial viability. The crucial one is the anomalous hysteresis observed in the photocurrent density‐voltage (J−V) response in PSC. The hysteresis phenomenon in the solar cell presents a challenge for determining the accurate power conversion efficiency of the device. A detailed investigation of the fundamental origin of hysteresis behavior in the device and its associated mechanisms is highly crucial. Though numerous theories have been proposed to explain the causes of hysteresis, its origin includes slow transient capacitive current, trapping, and de‐trapping process, ion migrations, and ferroelectric polarization. The remaining issues and future research required toward the understanding of hysteresis in PSC device is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) dominate the class of wet processed semiconductors due to high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission over a wide wavelength range, high carrier mobilities, and high absorption coefficient. Owing to these remarkable properties, MHPs cover next‐generation applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, photocatalysts, etc. Beside these fascinating applications, MHPs attract increased attention as fluorescent sensors for various chemical analytes and environmental changes such as temperature, etc. Likewise, high‐energy radiation detection is also displayed by the MHPs, like in scintillators. Here, the latest advances in MHPs fluorescent sensors and high‐energy X‐ray, gamma‐ray, and beta detectors are reviewed. The basics including match‐mismatch of MHPs for fluorescent sensing and radiation detection applications are discussed. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of fluorescent sensing and radiation detection by MHPs is also elaborated. The authors conclude with outlooks on future opportunities for MHP fluorescent sensors and high‐energy radiation detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolution of resources and environmental crises requires an efficient separation technologies, consequently, scientists and engineers are working vigorously for ideal separation materials. Laminar graphene oxide (GO) is a two‐dimensional (2D) material offers considerable interest in this field due to its single atomic layer thickness, good stability, chemical inertness, and variety of functional groups. Recently, GO have emerged as a novel membrane material for molecular and ionic separation of gases, solvent, water, and desalination applications. This tutorial review aims to discuss the various approaches used to control the stacking of GO‐based membrane with emphasis of advantages and drawbacks associated with each approach. Further, attention will also be given to describe the recent progress in GO based membranes for ionic and molecular separations. Meanwhile, challenges and opportunities will also be discussed in detail. We hope this review expected to provide a compact source of information that will be of great interest to chemists, material scientists, physicists, and engineers working or planning to work in GO based membranes for separation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the authors report a facile low-temperature wet-chemical route to prepare morphology-tailored hierarchical structures (HS) of copper oxide. The preparation of copper oxide collides was carried out using varying concentrations of copper acetate and a reducing agent at a constant temperature of 50°C. The prepared HS of CuO were characterised by powdered X-rays diffraction that indicates phase pure having monoclinic structures. The morphology was further confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscope. It reveals a difference in shape and size of copper oxide HS by changing the concentration of reactants. In order to evaluate the effect of H2O2 on CuO NPs, the prepared CuO are modified by treatment with H2O2. In general trend, CuOH2O2 collide showed enhanced protein kinase inhibition, antibacterial (maximum zone 16.34 mm against Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal activities in comparison to unmodified CuO collides. These results reveal that CuO HS exhibit antimicrobial properties and can be used as a potential candidate in pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report synthesis of novel organotin(IV) carboxylates i.e; [(C6H5)3Sn(C10H14NO3)] B1 and [(C4H9)3Sn(C10H14NO3)] B2 by reacting triphenyltin hydroxide and bis(tributyltin) oxide with as‐prepared ligand 3‐cyclohexylcarbamoyl‐acrylic acid A under inert atmosphere. The as‐synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (CHNS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR) and mass spectrometry (EI‐MS). The structures of both as‐prepared tin complexes B1 and B2 were determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Thermogravimetric analysis has shown single step decomposition of both these complexes. The as‐prepared complexes were used as single source precursor for the deposition of tin oxide thin films at 350 °C and 400 °C by aerosol assisted chemical deposition (AACVD) on bare and at 400 °C on carbon nanodots pre‐coated glass substrate. The as‐deposited thin films were characterized by powdered X‐rays diffraction (pXRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and energy dispersive X‐rays spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, antimicrobial, anti‐oxidant and cytotoxicity studies of both complexes showed moderate to good biological activities. Thus, as‐prepared novel complexes have potential applications in materials as‐well as in medicinal chemistry. We report the synthesis of organotin(IV) carboxylates i.e; [(C6H5)3Sn(C10H14NO3)] B1 and [(C4H9)3Sn(C10H14NO3)] B2 by reacting triphenyltin hydroxide and bis(tributyltin) oxide with as‐prepared ligand 3‐cyclohexylcarbamoyl‐acrylic acid under inert atmosphere, respectively.The complexes were used successfully as single source precursor (SSP) to deposit tin oxide thin films. The bioactivity of these complexes was also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Inorganic halide perovskite (CsPbX3) nanostructures have gained considerable interest in recent years owing to their enhanced stability and optoelectronic applications. Recent developments in the synthesis of nanostructures are reviewed. The impact of the precursor and ligand nature, temperature and growth time on the morphology and shape tuning of CsPbX3 nanostructures is described in relation to their optical properties. The presynthetic and postsynthetic anion exchange strategies to retain pre‐existing crystal phase and shape are discussed in this minireview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose is the natural biopolymer normally used as supporting agent with enhanced applicability and properties. In present study, cellulose isolated from citrus waste is used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) impregnation by a simple and reproducible method. The Ag-NPs fabricated cellulose (Ag-Cel) was characterised by powder X-rays diffraction, Fortier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The antibacterial activity performed by disc diffusion assay reveals good zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Ag-Cel as compared Ag-NPs. The discs also displayed more than 90% reduction of S. aureus culture in broth within 150 min. The Ag-Cel discs also demonstrated minor 2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total reducing power ability while moderate total antioxidant potential was observed. Ag-Cel effectively degrades methylene-blue dye up to 63.16% under sunlight irradiation in limited exposure time of 60 min. The Ag-NPs impregnated cellulose can be effectively used in wound dressing to prevent bacterial attack and scavenger of free radicals at wound site, and also as filters for bioremediation and wastewater purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus fruit processing industries produce a vast quantity of waste materials as peel and pulp that are not handled properly. In present study, waste generated from citrus has been used for extraction of cellulose and nanocellulose. The aggregated cellulose, derived after alkaline treatment, was acid hydrolysed; resulted in reduction of the size of cellulose fibre. The cellulose showed amorphous structure revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis explained densely packed structure of nanocellulose. High magnification revealed break points in cellulose fibre due to acidic treatment; looked like carbon nanotubes. The simple solubility test demonstrated that different solvents had different effects on the dissolution of nanocellulose. The study reveals that citrus peel is also a good candidate of cellulose that can be utilised for different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of new ligands, N,N-diethyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thiourea ( 1a) and N,N-dipropyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thiourea ( 1b), and their complexes with copper, bis[ N, N-diethyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thioureato]CuII ( 2a) and bis[ N, N-dipropyl- N′-(1-naphthoyl)thioureato]CuII ( 2b). All four compounds (i.e., 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The structures of compounds 1a, 1b, and 2b were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis of 2a and 2b showed that both compounds decompose between 190 and 370 °C. Compounds 2a and 2b were then used as single-molecular precursors for the deposition of copper sulfide thin films through aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The phase and purity of the as-deposited thin films were confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction, which showed that the as-grown films were composed of the orthorhombic (Cu7S4) phase only. Morphological studies of the as-deposited films were performed by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition of the thin films was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C17H17N3O3S, is an important biologically active heterocyclic compound containing one five-membered and two six-membered planar rings. The five-membered ring is oriented with respect to the six-membered rings at dihedral angles of 88.84 (2) and 78.69 (3)°. The structure is further stabilized by intermolecular N—H...S stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C18H16O5, is a biologically active isocoumarin. The molecule is almost planar. No hydrogen bonding is found in the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C15H19Cl2N3O2S, is an important intermediate for the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds. The thiosemicarbazide group is approximately planar and forms a dihedral angle of 88.03 (5)° with the benzene ring. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...S hydrogen-bond interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(16)H(13)FO(2), the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 74.46 (4)°. The heterocyclic ring adopts a twisted conformation. In the crystal structure, there is a weak C-H⋯π inter-action.

The title compound, C(18)H(19)N(3)O(3), is a biologically active triazole derivative. The five-membered ring is oriented with respect to the six-membered rings at dihedral angles of 51.59 (4) and 61.37 (4)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions between centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules [the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 47.44 (5)°].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(19)N(3)O(3), contains two crystallographically independent but similar mol-ecules. The triazole ring is oriented with respect to the benzene rings to form dihedral angles of 57.96 (6) and 7.01 (6)° in one mol-ecule, and 64.37 (5) and 10.73 (5)° in the other. The two independent mol-ecules are linked into a dimer by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(17)N(3)O(3), the triazole ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 88.09 (3) and 83.72 (3)° with respect to the 2-methoxy-benzyl and 2-methoxy-phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the 2-methoxy-benzyl and 2-methoxy-phenyl rings is 52.95 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. There is a π-π contact between the 2-methoxy-phenyl rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.811 (3) Å].

The title complex, [Cu(4)(C(5)H(12)NO)(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(6)(C(4)H(8)O)(2)](n), consists of dinuclear [Cu(2)(C(5)H(12)NO)(2)(THF)(2)] (THF is tetra-hydro-furan) and [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)] units linked through acetate ions, generating parallel one-dimensional polymeric chains propagating in the [10] direction. In the first dinuclear unit, Cu(II) ions related by inversion symmetry are bridged by two 3-(dimethyl-amino)propan-1-olate ligands. Likewise, a pair of inversion-related Cu(II) ions are bridged by four acetate groups. The crystallographically independent Cu centers are linked to one another by a single bridging acetate group, generating an infinite chain. The distorted square-pyramidal coordination of the first metal center is completed with an apical THF mol-ecule, with a long Cu-O bond length of 2.476 (5) Å. The geometry around the other metal atom is close to octa-hedral, and the Cu⋯Cu separation in this unit is 2.652 (1) Å. The distance between the metal centers in the first dinuclear unit is considerably longer [3.068 (1) Å], suggesting little or no bonding inter-action. The Cu⋯Cu separation between two acetate-bridged independent Cu centers is 4.860 (2) Å. The THF mol-ecule has methyl-ene groups disordered over two positions, with occupancies of 0.608 (13) and 0.392 (13).

The title compound, C(20)H(23)N(3)O(4)S, is an important biologically active heterocyclic compound. The five-membered ring is oriented with respect to the six-membered rings at dihedral angles of 78.60 (3) (trimethoxyphenyl ring) and 71.57 (3)° (methoxyphenyl ring). In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into infinite chains along the c axis.