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Aim: We aimed to detect subclinical cardiac impairment in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and test the association between absolute monocytic count (AMC) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) with disease activity. Methods: A group of children with UC and a comparable group as healthy controls were included. All children underwent history‐taking, clinical examination and blood testing for complete blood counts with white blood cell differentials, LMR and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Disease severity was assessed using the Paediatric UC Activity Index score. We used echocardiography for tissue Doppler, M‐Mode, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricular function assessment. Results: Forty children were included, 20 with UC as cases, and 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was mild in 75% cases and moderate in 25% cases. Cases had significantly higher ESR than the control group (P < 0.001). Among cases, positive correlations were observed between monocytic, and platelet counts with left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (r = 0.5, P = 0.02; r = 0.5, P = 0.03). Children with UC had significantly lower ejection fraction and impaired left ventricular systolic function compared to the control group (P < 0.001) assessed by 3D STE, yet this observation was not reached by the conventional method (P = 0.3). Conclusions: In children with UC, 3D STE could detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction that conventional echocardiography could not. AMC and LMR showed no significant difference between children with UC and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this work was to assess the potential formation of ternary chelate complexes, involving deferasirox (DFX), ciprofloxacin (CP), and ferric iron. The coadministration of CP along with DFX might modulate its efficacy, so it is important that it be investigated. A ternary complex involving DFX, CP, and iron (DFX‐CP‐Fe) was prepared and characterized. Theoretical chemistry calculations were performed to measure the equilibrium constants of complexes. Two groups of rats were exposed to DFX or DFX with CP. The level of DFX in plasma was measured, and histological assessments of relevant organs were made. Levels of iron in selected tissues were measured. The formation of ternary complexes was confirmed. Two ternary complexes are thermodynamically favored. The first one of ratio (DFX:CP:Fe) was shown to be favorable with an equilibrium constant of 2 × 107. The second one with ratio (DFX:CP:2Fe) is more thermodynamically favored with an equilibrium constant of 2.0 × 1060. Rats treated with a combination of DFX and CP exhibited lower levels of iron in dried red blood cells in comparison to those treated with DFX alone (p value = 0.012). They also exhibited lower levels of DFX in plasma. Histological assessments of the relevant tissues showed a clear difference in the level of deposited iron in the spleen. In conclusion, ternary complexes are formed, and some with exceptionally high constants. The obtained data indicate a potentially favorable role of CP because while it resulted in a decrease in the level of DFX, it pharmacodynamically produced more effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation and accumulation of foam cells within the arterial wall is the main early event of atherosclerosis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cells in human atherosclerotic lesions and are suggested to contribute to atheroma foam cells. γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐GC), as an immediate precursor of glutathione, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of γ‐GC on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques are not yet clarified. Here, we display the effects of γ‐GC against ox‐LDL‐induced formation of foamy VSMCs. Our results showed that γ‐GC apparently reduced the total intracellular cholesterol content in mouse and rat VSMCs. The oil red O and fluorescent BODIPY staining indicated that γ‐GC inhibited the formation of foam cell. Mechanistically, γ‐GC reduced the expression of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (Msr1) in VSMCs to attenuate cholesterol uptake by the cells. Further RNA‐seq analysis, and immunofluorescence as well as immunoblotting measurements showed that thioredoxin‐1 (Txn1) was important for γ‐GC to reduce Msr1 expression in VSMCs and lipid uptake by the cells. Overall, our research indicated that γ‐GC increases Txn1 expression, which causes scavenger receptor A reduction and lipid uptake inhibition in ox‐LDL‐stimulated VSMCs. Our study revealed that γ‐GC has potential for the prevention of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY In grass cell walls, ferulic acid (FA) serves as an important cross‐linker between cell wall polymers, such as arabinoxylan (AX) and lignin, affecting the physicochemical properties of the cell walls as well as the utilization properties of grass lignocellulose for biorefinering. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of the FA used for cell wall feruloylation in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatic and gene expression analyses of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) identified two rice ALDH subfamily 2C members, OsHCALDH2 (OsALDH2C2) and OsHCALDH3 (OsALDH2C3), potentially involved in cell wall feruloylation in major vegetative tissues of rice. CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing of OsHCALDH2 and OsHCALDH3 revealed that the contents of AX‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to ~45% in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, demonstrating their roles in cell wall feruloylation. The abundance of hemicellulosic sugars including arabinosyl units on AX was notably reduced in the cell walls of the HCALDH‐edited mutants, whereas cellulose and lignin contents remained unaffected. In addition to reducing cell wall‐bound ferulate, the loss of OsHCALDH2 and/or OsHCALDH3 also partially reduced cell wall‐bound p‐coumarate and sinapate in the vegetative tissues of rice, whereas it did not cause detectable changes in the amount of γ‐oryzanol (feruloyl sterols) in rice seeds. Furthermore, the HCALDH‐edited mutants exhibited improved cell wall saccharification efficiency, both with and without alkaline pretreatment, plausibly due to the reduction in cell wall cross‐linking FA. Overall, HCALDH appears to present a potent bioengineering target for enhancing utilization properties of grass lignocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Injury characteristics of high school track and field throwing athletes in the United States are not well studied. Understanding epidemiology of injuries is important to identify treatment and prevention strategies. Objective: To describe injury rates and patterns in U.S. high school track and field throwing events from a longitudinal national sports injury surveillance system. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Data were provided by the National High School Sports Related Injury Surveillance System, High School RIO (Reporting Information Online). Methods: Athletic trainers reported injury and exposure data through the High School RIO website on a weekly basis. An athlete exposure (AE) was defined as one athlete participating in one school‐sanctioned practice or competition. Throwing events of discus, shot put, and javelin were analyzed in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Injury rate, rate ratios (RR), injury proportion ratios (IPR). Participants: U.S. high school athletes. Results: A total of 267 track and field throwing injuries occurred during 5,486,279 AEs. Overall, the rate of injuries in competition was higher than in practice (RR 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.80). In practice, the rate of injuries was higher for girls than boys (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12–2.08). The most frequently injured body part was the shoulder (21.7%), followed by the ankle (16.5%) and knee (12.0%). The most common types of injury were muscle strains (26.14%) and ligament sprains (25%). Recurrent injuries accounted for a higher proportion of chronic injuries compared to new injuries (IPR 1.85, 95% CI 1.16–2.97). Conclusion: This study described injury characteristics of high school track and field throwing athletes from 2008 to 2019. Based on our results, injury prevention may be particularly important for female throwers with prior injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of asymptomatic shoulder pathology has been shown to be high on both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most common shoulder pathologies identified in asymptomatic, non‐athlete individuals include rotator cuff pathology, acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology, labral tears, subacromial bursitis, and calcific tendinitis. The data in the current literature suggest that asymptomatic rotator cuff tears are diagnosed on ultrasound and MRI at high rates, suggesting that rotator cuff tears may be considered an age‐related, normal, degenerative change. However, there are data to suggest that the presence of an asymptomatic rotator cuff tear on imaging may predispose a patient to shoulder pain in the future, although the data remain inconclusive. AC joint arthritic changes are also common in older individuals on advanced imaging. Recent studies have reported that labral tears are common in asymptomatic shoulders, although at less frequent rates than in athletes, but more research is required on this topic. In addition, the presence of subacromial bursitis on imaging has not been found to accurately differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders. Finally, calcific tendinitis has been diagnosed asymptomatically, with most individuals remaining asymptomatic. Individuals who did develop pain developed severe pain, although the risk factors for developing symptomatic calcific tendinitis are unclear. In summary, given the high prevalence of shoulder pathology diagnosed on imaging, it is important to not over diagnose or complete an unnecessary workup for an asymptomatic person who is otherwise healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic (Allium sativum) powder ethanolic extracts against Vibrio harveyi in vitro. The stimulatory effects of Ulva sp. extract (UE) and garlic powder extract (GPE) on the growth performance and innate immune responses of white‐leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and their challenge against V. harveyi infection were also investigated. A commercial shrimp diet (36.1% protein) was enriched with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g UE/kg diet and 2, 4 and 6 g GPE/kg diet, whereas the control group was free of any supplement. Health juveniles of L. vannamei (average weight 2–3 g) were distributed in 21 fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks (500‐L capacity) at a stocking density of 300 animals/tank to represent each treatment in triplicate. The animals were fed ad libitum on the experimental diets up to satiety four times daily for 60 days. The phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic powder evoked their richness of several bioactive compounds showing significant antibacterial activity against V. harveyi. The GPE exhibited a higher inhibition zone than that of the UE. The supplemented diets did not significantly affect weight gain %, final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival rates of white shrimp compared to those fed on the control diet. Significant increases were observed in total haemocyte count, phagocytosis and phagocytic index of all treatments compared with the control group. There were significant increases in serum total protein, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase, lysosomal enzyme activity, phenoloxidase activity and superoxide dismutase activity with offered diets with increasing the levels of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic powder up to 2.0 g UE/kg diet and 6 g GPE/kg diet, respectively. The ethanolic extraction of Ulva sp. and garlic powder‐supplemented diet groups, particularly at treatments of 2.0 and 6 g GPE/kg diet, respectively, significantly reduced the shrimp mortality induced by V. harveyi infection when compared with the control group. The net results evoked that ethanolic extraction of Ulva sp. (2.0 g UE/kg) and garlic powder (6 g GPE/kg diet) enhanced the immune response and disease resistance of the white‐leg shrimp, L. vannamei. It is also noted that the GPE is more efficient than the UE in vitro and in vivo investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correctional workers (CWs) endure several operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) and organisational stressors (e.g., shift work, staff shortages), which are associated with positive screens for mental disorders and self‐reports of suicidal behaviours and thus urgently warrant further inquiry. The Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well‐Being Study (CWMH) used an online survey to collect data from Canadian correctional service organisations across all 13 provinces and territories. This national Canadian study investigates suicidal behaviours among CWs across diverse occupational roles and provincial and territorial jurisdictions (n = 3740, 50.1% female). The results estimated prevalence proportions for self‐reported past‐year and lifetime suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts across the 13 Canadian provincial and territorial correctional systems, with the exceptions of past‐year suicidal planning in Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Yukon where jurisdictional considerations and requests precluded the inclusion of select questions. Substantial proportions of participants reported past‐year or lifetime suicidal ideation (i.e., 9.1%, 29.2%, respectively), planning (i.e., 4.1%, 14.7%, respectively), or attempts (i.e., 0.8%, 7.2%, respectively). Sociodemographic variables (i.e., sex, age, marital status, total years of service, occupational category) were associated with past‐year and lifetime suicidal behaviours. Findings provide opportunities for future research and can inform tailored efforts by clinicians, service providers, and organisational leaders to support proactive interventions and treatments, including supporting the partners and families of CWs, fostering social support networks, and improving access to timely mental health treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), the main water‐soluble polyphenolic constituent of Danshen, is noted for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties, particularly in cardiovascular protection. However, the mechanisms by which Sal B affects myocardial fibrosis require further investigation. In vivo, we established a diabetic mouse model using a high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Mice were then treated with Sal B, the transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) inducers, or their combination. Upregulation of TRPC6 worsened myocardial pathology, leading to cardiac hypertrophy and collagen fiber deposition. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 induced transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, creating a myofibroblast cell model. Sal B, TRPC6 inducers, or their combination were administered. TRPC6 upregulation increased procollagen type I C‐terminal propeptide (PICP) and procollagen type III N‐terminal propeptide (PIIINP) secretion, promoting myofibroblast proliferation and migration. Our study indicates that TRPC6 expression is upregulated in myocardial fibrosis, enhancing TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling and promoting collagen I (COL‐1) synthesis. Sal B inhibited abnormal TRPC6 expression and TGF‐β/Smad3 activation, mitigating these effects. Thus, Sal B alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetes by modulating TRPC6 expression and TGF‐β/Smad3 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure. To study the safety of LSG done with Nissen Fundoplication (NF) in patients affected by obesity and GERD and assess the complication rate. A retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2016 to 2019. A total of 236111 patients underwent LSG with and without NF. A matched cohort of 1096 without NF and 548 with NF was obtained. The median age of patients was 47 years old. Median length of hospital stay was higher in the LSG with NF group. Median total charge was higher in the LSG with NF group. There was no statistically significant difference in 30‐day readmission rates in patients with obesity and GERD who received LSG with NF compared to those who received LSG alone. Complications after both procedures were low, which highlights the safety of both procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroinflammation is important in the pathophysiology of several degenerative brain disorders. This study looked at the potential neuroprotective benefits of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, against LPS‐induced hippocampus damage in rodents and the principal molecular involvement of AKT/GSK3β/CREB signaling pathways. Behavioral tests revealed that cilostazol successfully corrected LPS‐induced neurobehavioral impairments. Furthermore, cilostazol therapy lowered hippocampal levels of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1‐42) and p‐tau protein, both of which are critical pathological indicators of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, cilostazol administration suppressed LPS‐induced rises in hippocampus caspase‐3 and NF‐κB levels while elevating rat B‐cell/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which are implicated in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Cilostazol treatment also restored the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (p‐AKT) and reduced the elevated levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (p‐GSK3β) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of LPS‐treated rats. Histopathological examination revealed that cilostazol ameliorated LPS‐induced brain damage with reduced neuronal loss and gliosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a decrease in Iba‐1 expression, indicating a reduction in microglial activation in the cilostazol‐treated group compared to the LPS group. The findings advocate that cilostazol exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS‐induced hippocampal injury by modulating the AKT/GSK3β/CREB pathway and curbing neuroinflammation. Cilostazol may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory conditions associated with neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiVO4 has garnered substantial interest as a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water‐splitting due to its narrow band gap and appropriate band edge positions for water oxidation. Nevertheless, its practical use has been impeded by poor charge transport and sluggish water oxidation kinetics. Here, a hybrid composite photoanode is fabricated by uniformly embedding SnS2 nanoparticles near the surface of a BiVO4 thin film, creating a type II heterostructure with strong interactions between the nanoparticles and the film for efficient charge separation. This structure forms via eutectic melting during atomic layer deposition of SnS2 with subsequent phase separation between SnS2 and BiVO4 at room temperature, offering greater advantages and flexibilities over conventional exsolution techniques. Furthermore, the SnS2/BiVO4 hybrid composite is coated with a thin amorphous ZnS passivation layer to accelerate charge transfer process and enhance long‐term stability. The optimized BiVO4/SnS2/ZnS photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 5.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is 2.73 times higher than that of the BiVO4 photoanode, and a dramatic improvement in photostability retention at 1.23 V versus RHE, increasing from 55% to 91% over 24 hours. This method of anchoring nanoparticles onto host materials proves highly valuable for energy and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of tourism cultural events on fostering multicultural competence and their effects on tourism destinations. Data were collected from viewers of the Pharaohs' Golden Parade broadcast on the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority's "Experience Egypt" YouTube channel. The data were analyzed using an inductive research approach, uncovering four distinctive themes: multicultural competence precursors, cultural tourism events' unique cultural and social elements, multicultural competence, and destination outcomes. Based on the study findings, a framework was proposed to depict the envisaged relationships between the four main themes. Practically, the study provides insights for destination marketing organizations on how viewers' impressions of cultural events on social media and official homepages could shape a destination's image and influence travel and word‐of‐mouth intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the clinical efficacy of self‐adhesive bulk‐fill Surefil One with a traditional bulk‐fill composite in class II restorations. Materials and Methods: Sixty‐four direct class II composite restorations were categorized into two groups. Group I, control group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Filtek One bulk‐fill composite with Scotchbond Universal (SBU) adhesive in self‐etch mode, Group II, test group (n = 32): cavities were restored by Surefil One self‐adhesive bulk‐fill composite. The study involved a follow‐up period of 1 year, during which restorations were assessed at baseline (BL), 6 months, and 12 months using Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. A comparison of restoration characteristics was performed utilizing the chi‐square test (X2). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Filtek One and Surefil One bulk‐fill composites revealed clinically acceptable FDI scores over 12‐month recalls. Thirty‐two patients (64 restorations) were available for all follow‐up visits; 100% of the restorations survived. For esthetic properties, Filtek One was far better than Surefil One at all time points. However, in terms of functional and biological properties, both restorations demonstrated comparable performances. Conclusions: Filtek One bulk‐fill restorations were superior in terms of surface luster, surface staining, color match, and translucency, but Surefil One restorations performed well and were similar to Filtek One restorations; however, additional advancements and research are needed to obtain better esthetics. Furthermore, longitudinal studies with extended follow‐up periods are needed to assess the clinical potential of both materials. Clinical Significance: Both Filtek One and Surefil One met the FDI criteria, with Filtek One demonstrating superior esthetic and functional qualities and similar performance regarding biological criteria. Both innovative restorative materials show potential for clinical use. Trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number; NCT06120868:07/11/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic effects of Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) in various diseases. However, its effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The expression of FUNDC1 in DN patients and high glucose‐induced human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK‐2) with or without AS‐IV was analyzed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay was used to quantify cell viability. The intracellular oxygen consumption rate was measured by using the seahorse energy analyzer, and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were determined by flow cytometry. A mice model of diabetes was constructed and treated with different doses of AS‐IV. Hematoxylin‐eosin and Masson staining were used to examine the pathological changes in renal tissue. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary protein were detected by the biochemical method. The results demonstrated increased FUNDC1 expression in patients with DN and high glucose‐cultured HK‐2 cells. FUNDC1 silencing inhibited high glucose‐induced mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane formation and mitochondrial dysfunction in HK‐2 cells. Importantly, AS‐IV treatment inhibited FUNDC1‐induced mitochondria‐associated ER membrane formation and mitochondrial dysfunction in HK‐2 cells. AS‐IV treatment also protected against renal injury and improved renal function in mice. AS‐IV alleviates the progression of DN by inhibiting FUNDC1‐dependent mitochondria‐associated ER membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma are aggressive forms of cancer developed in the gallbladder and biliary tracts which are related to the liver. This systematic review aimed to highlight the significant association between gallbladder, biliary cancers, and arsenic exposure. Methods: An extensive search was conducted in Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included studies that assessed arsenic levels in gallbladder cancer patients, without restrictions on age, sex, or language. Biological samples, such blood, bile, gallbladder tissue, gallstones, and hair were obtained, and arsenic levels were measured. Also, arsenic water and soil concentrations were collected. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in our review. These studies included 2234 non‐gallbladder carcinoma patients and 22 585 gallbladder carcinoma cases. The participant demographics showed a gender distribution of 862 males and 1845 females, with an age range of 20–75 years. The average body mass index (BMI) was 19.8 kg/m2 for nongallbladder carcinoma patients and 20.1 kg/m2 for gallbladder carcinoma cases. The selected studies examined arsenic concentrations across various biological samples, including blood, hair, gallstones, and bile. Blood arsenic levels ranged from 0.0002 to 0.3893 μg/g and were significantly associated with increased gallbladder carcinoma risk in several studies. Hair also demonstrated a significant correlation, with arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.0002 to 6.9801 μg/g. Conclusion: There is a strong link between arsenic exposure and gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. Even chronic exposure to low‐moderate amounts could lead to gallbladder carcinoma. These findings stress the need for more comprehensive and dedicated studies, to control arsenic water/soil levels and seek other preventive measures for this high mortality disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacogenetic (PGx)‐informed medication prescription is a cutting‐edge genomic application in contemporary medicine, offering the potential to overcome the conventional "trial‐and‐error" approach in drug prescription. The ability to use an individual's genetic profile to predict drug responses allows for personalized drug and dosage selection, thereby enhancing the safety and efficacy of treatments. However, despite significant scientific and clinical advancements in PGx, its integration into routine healthcare practices remains limited. To address this gap, the Qatar Genome Program (QGP) has embarked on an ambitious initiative known as QPGx‐CARES (Qatar Pharmacogenetics Clinical Applications and Research Enhancement Strategies), which aims to set a roadmap for optimizing PGx research and clinical implementation on a national scale. The goal of QPGx‐CARES initiative is to integrate PGx testing into clinical settings with the aim of improving patient health outcomes. In 2022, QGP initiated several implementation projects in various clinical settings. These projects aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of PGx testing, gather valuable insights into the effective dissemination of PGx data to healthcare professionals and patients, and identify the gaps and the challenges for wider adoption. QPGx‐CARES strategy aimed to integrate evidence‐based PGx findings into clinical practice, focusing on implementing PGx testing for cardiovascular medications, supported by robust scientific evidence. The current initiative sets a precedent for the nationwide implementation of precision medicine across diverse clinical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the long non‐coding RNA "MALAT1" measured in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and assess the salivary expression of microRNA‐124, which MALAT1 targets. Subjects and Methods: Forty subjects were collected in a consecutive pattern and allocated into two groups. Group A included 20 patients with OSCC, while Group B included 20 healthy subjects. Salivary expression of MALAT1 and microRNA (miRNA)‐124 was evaluated in the two study groups using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and correlated with histopathological examination of OSCC subjects. Results: OSCC yielded a statistically significant higher expression of MALAT1 than healthy controls and a lower expression of miRNA‐124 in OSCC than controls. There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between salivary MALAT1 and miRNA‐124. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference in the MALAT1 expression in saliva samples from metastatic cases compared with non‐metastatic cases, as well as in patients with lymph node involvement compared with those without involvement. At a cut‐off value of 2.24, salivary MALAT1 exhibited 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity in differentiating OSCC from healthy subjects. Conclusion: Salivary MALAT1 acts as a sponge for miRNA‐124 and could be a potential salivary biomarker for OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) were at the top of Egypt's most significant public health challenges, with an estimated 14.7% of its population having antibodies to HCV in 2008. Egypt issued an ambitious action plan in 2014 to eliminate viral hepatitis through strengthening infection control and improving patient care. In 2018, an extensive HCV mass screening campaign was conducted for the entire country's population with treating more than 4 million patients with antivirals. This study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of viral hepatitis in Egypt after all these efforts. Methods: A cross‐sectional household cluster survey was conducted in all 27 Egyptian governorates to obtain a representative sample of Egypt's population. Subjects aged 1–70 years were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire that included demographics, viral hepatitis knowledge, previous infection and risk factors data. Laboratory testing was performed for all subjects for anti‐HCV and HBsAg using chemiluminescence. Subjects positive for anti‐HCV were further tested for HCV‐RNA by RT‐PCR. Prevalence rates were calculated by demographic groups and compared to the demographic health survey 2015 results. Results: Of 20 881 subjects interviewed, 48.8% were males, 20.2% were children <15 years of age, and 53.7% were residents of rural areas. Of all subjects, 92 (0.4%) were HCV‐infected, 1577 (7.6%) were anti‐HCV positive and 177 (0.8%) were HBV‐chronically infected, including one patient who had mixed HBV and HCV current infection. The prevalence of HCV‐current and HBV chronic infections decreased by 93% and 20%, respectively, compared to 2015. Conclusions: Egypt achieved the elimination of the viral hepatitis goal. To maintain low rates of viral hepatitis, community health education, in addition to maintaining infection control and blood safety programs, is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a major portion of solid waste in Malaysia, with 44.5% of the total waste being food waste‐derived sources. This study investigates the performance of dry anaerobic digester (DAD) operation using the pilot dry anaerobic digester (PDAD), a plug flow reactor, in treating source‐sorted organic fraction municipal solid waste (SS‐OFMSW) for biogas production. A commercial Malaysian food waste (CMFW) sample has been used to represent SS‐OFMSW. The anaerobic digestion was performed in a semi‐continuous operation using a 15 m3 PDAD with organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from.63 to 5.46 kg volatile solid (VS)/m3·day under mesophilic conditions. The maximum methane composition was achieved at 56.0% at OLR 5.17 kg VS/m3·day with specific methane production (SMP) of.57 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and gas production rate (GPR) 5.27 m3·gas/m3·digester·day. As indicated by a pH and alkalinity ratio, the PDAD system was stable ranging from pH 6.7 to 8.3, alkalinity ratio of.3 with an inclination of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) up to 1056 mg/L. The SMP achieved is between 1.58 and.4 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and potentially to fuelled 475 MW commercial biogas plant fed by CMFW. The DAD deployment strengthened the circular economy and decarbonization initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythrina bidwillii Lindl., Leguminosae, constitutes a valuable crop for horticulture and medicine; however, it is rarely investigated. Menopause is a crucial transitional period in women's health. Women worldwide consider the use of phytoestrogens as a safe hormone replacement therapy to alleviate detrimental menopausal symptoms. Thus, the discovery of novel phytoestrogens is highly demanded. The present study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the metabolomic profile and the estrogenic potential of E. bidwillii Lindl. leaf. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling revealed the prevalence of alkaloids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and fatty acids. Additionally, five erythrinan alkaloids, cristanine A (1), 8‐oxoerythraline (2), (+)‐erythrinine (3), (+)‐erythraline (4) and 8‐oxoerythrinine (5), along with the isoflavonoid genistin (6), were isolated. Erythrina bidwillii leaf extract exhibited significant in vivo estrogenic, anti‐osteoporotic, anti‐hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities, utilizing ovariectomized rat model. Moreover, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions possessed significant in vitro estrogeic potential on MCF‐7 cell lines. An in silico study of the isolated metabolites revealed that (+)‐erythrinine (3) and 8‐oxoerythrinine (5) exhibited the highest affinity for ERα and ERβ, respectively, modeling them as potential estrogenic lead metabolites. Therefore, E. bidwillii leaf could be employed as promising hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women after thorough clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a technique that aims to maintain bone volume and minimize resorption after tooth extraction. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (I‐PRF) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) in combination with xenografts for ARP. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 36 patients (20 females and 16 males) who required implant placement in the upper arch. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 12 each): I‐PRF with xenografts, HA with xenografts, or xenografts alone. All patients underwent ARP, and the extraction sockets were sealed with a free gingival graft harvested from the palate, a total of 36 implants were inserted. Cone‐beam CT scans were performed before and 4 months postoperatively to measure radiographic bone gain as the primary outcome. Clinical parameters, including soft tissue thickness and clinical bone width, were evaluated preoperatively, and at 4 months and 1 year postoperatively. Additionally, histological assessment of core bone biopsies was performed 4 months postoperatively using histomorphometric analysis to determine the percentages of newly formed bone, mature bone, and residual grafts. Results: Regarding the radiographic bone gain 4 months postoperative the HA group exhibited the highest value (9.78 ± 0.87), which was significantly greater than the values observed in the I‐PRF and control groups (8.60 ± 1.27 and 7.99 ± 0.89, respectively) (one‐way ANOVA, p = 0.007). Crestal bone loss was significantly higher in the control group (−0.98 ± 0.18) than in the I‐PRF group (−0.53 ± 0.11) and HA group (−0.33 ± 0.15) groups (one‐way ANOVA, p < 0.001). In the histomorphometric analysis, the mean area fraction of newly formed bone trabeculae was significantly higher in the HA group (56.66 ± 7.35) than in the I‐PRF group (28.74 ± 5.15) and the control group (24.05 ± 3.64) (repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). Additionally, the mean area fraction of residual graft material was higher in the I‐PRF group (6.76 ± 2.59), followed by the control group (2.71 ± 1.24), while the HA group had the lowest value (2.63 ± 1.27) (Repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The combination of HA with xenografts yielded better radiographic and histological outcomes in terms of new bone formation and degree of bone maturation than the I‐PRF and control groups. Furthermore, I‐PRF improved soft tissue thickness. Please note that clinical trial registration was not completed prior to participant recruitment and randomization. The registration link for this trial is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05781529. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is a common chronic hepatic disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (Pit) against thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced liver fibrosis. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control group; (2) TAA group (100 mg/kg, i.p.) three times weekly for 2 weeks; (3 and 4) TAA/Pit‐treated group, in which Pit was administered orally (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks following TAA injections. TAA caused liver damage manifested by elevated serum transaminases, reduced albumin and histological alterations. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased, and glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased in TAA‐administered rats. TAA upregulated the inflammatory markers NF‐κB, NF‐κB p65, TNF‐α and IL‐6. Treatment with Pit ameliorated serum transaminases, elevated serum albumin and prevented histopathological changes in TAA‐intoxicated rats. Pit suppressed MDA, NF‐κB, NF‐κB p65, the inflammatory cytokines and PI3K mRNA in TAA‐intoxicated rats. In addition, Pit enhanced hepatic antioxidants and boosted the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) mRNA. Moreover, immunohistological studies supported the ability of Pit to reduce liver fibrosis via suppressing p‐AKT expression. In conclusion, Pit effectively prevents TAA‐induced liver fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The hepatoprotective efficacy of Pit was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 and downregulation of NF‐κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated if pitavastatin (Pita) might protect rats' kidneys against thioacetamide (TAA). By altering the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, pitavastatin may boost kidney antioxidant capacity and minimize oxidative damage. Statins have several benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The principal hypothesis of this study was that Pita can regulate the miR-93/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathways, which is thought to be responsible for its renoprotective effects. The experiment divided male rats into four groups. Group 1 included untreated rats as the control. Group 2 included rats which received TAA (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally thrice a week for two weeks) to destroy their kidneys. Groups 3 and 4 included rats which received Pita orally at 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg for 14 days after TAA injections. Renal injury increased BUN, creatinine, and MDA levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Pitavastatin prevented these alterations. TAA decreased PTEN and increased miR-93, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and Stat3 in the kidneys. Pitavastatin also regulated the associated culprit pathway, miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR. In addition, TAA induced adverse effects on the kidney tissue, which were significantly ameliorated by pitavastatin treatment. The findings suggest that pitavastatin can attenuate renal injury, likely by regulating the miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway. This modulation of the pathway appears to contribute to the protective effects of pitavastatin against TAA-induced renal injury, adding to the growing evidence of the pleiotropic benefits of statins in renal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants could be used for multiple medicinal purposes. Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered the most famous plant used for this purpose. The present review aimed to spot the light on the recent medicinal, biochemical, and nutritional applications of MO. The plant contains a huge number of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, minerals, and vitamins. It has been used to control glucose, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and antioxidants in many animals and human models. Its medicinal applications are also varied and wide; it could be used to control and manage lots of disorders. Extracts and isolated ingredients from the plant open the way for many researchers all over the world to study its biochemical and medicinal impact on many experimental and clinical models. The present review spots the light on the recent medicinal and biochemical significance of MO opening the discussion and demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses in the MO research area. Regardless of the contrary concept, we considered MO a promising plant that could be studied for its medicinal applications on both biochemical and molecular levels. We recommended further research on the molecular effects of MO in healthy and diseased models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This meta‐analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of fully closed‐loop automated insulin delivery (AID) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: We systemically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central from inception until April 26, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing fully closed‐loop AID versus conventional insulin therapy. The outcomes were pooled as the mean difference (MD) and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) in the random effect model. Our primary outcome was the proportion of time in the target glucose range (5.6‐10 mmol/L, 3.9‐10 mmol/L, or 3.9‐8 mmol/L, depending on the study). Key secondary outcomes included the proportion of time spent in hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia. Results: We included seven RCTs (three crossover and four parallel design), compromising 390 patients. Our analysis showed that compared to the control group, fully closed‐loop AID increased the proportion of time spent within the target glucose range by additional 337 min per 24 h (MD = 23.39%, 95% CI [16.64%, 30.14%], p < 0.01), additional 108 min overnight (MD = 22.40%, 95% CI [12.88%, 31.91%], p < 0.01), and additional 258 min during the daytime period (MD = 26.85%, 95% CI [21.06%, 32.63%], p < 0.01). Compared to the control group, the overall time in hyperglycaemia was shortened by 326 min per 24 h (MD = −22.67%, 95% CI [−30.87%, −14.46%], p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of overall, overnight, and daytime periods spent in hypoglycaemia. Conclusions: Our meta‐analysis suggests that fully closed‐loop AID may improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly for those with more challenging diabetes management. Further research is required to establish the feasibility of implementing these systems in clinical practice. [Correction added on 26 August 2023 after first online publication: Under Results, the first sentence "We included seven RCTs (three crossover and one parallel designs)" has been changed to "We included seven RCTs (three crossover and four parallel designs)".] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goldenberry (GB) is a promising fruit that can be a constituent in many possible nourishments. No notifications were obtained regarding the impact of exposure to goldenberry extract in the viewpoint of blood rheological properties as well as erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBCs) in obese rats. A substantial reduction in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL, with a considerable increment in HDL levels relative to the obese group (p ≤ 0.05), was observed in rats receiving low and high doses of GB, accompanied by restoration of SOD activity and GSH levels. Rheological parameters of rats' blood have been studied over a wide range of shear rates (225–1875 s–1). A significant decrease in blood viscosity in rats who received low and high doses of GB extract was compatible with every shear rate compared to the control group. The shear stress values of the obese rats reduced appreciably (p ≤ 0.05) in all values of shear rate (from 75 to 500 s-1) proportional to the control group, while in the groups that received low and high doses of GB extract, shear stress was restored to the control values. Finally, administration of GB extract significantly decreased yield stress and indices of whole blood aggregation, with an extremely substantial increment in flow rate, in rats given low or high doses of GB compared to obese ones. The result also showed a decrease in both the average raised osmotic fragility and the hemolysis rate in rats after supplementation with low and high doses of GB extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of standard synthetic medications to treat inflammatory illnesses is associated with several negative effects. It has been shown that medicinal plants and their by-products are useful for safely treating inflammation. Herein, the essential oil of Eugenia supra-axillaris (family: Myrtaceae, ESA-EO) was isolated and further chemically characterized by GC-MS, and then, its nanoemulsion (ESA-EO-NE) was prepared. In addition, the anti-inflammation against the carrageenan-induced rats, the analgesic, and antipyretic activities of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE were evaluated in rats. Forty-three compounds were identified via GC-MS and categorized as mono- (61.38%) and sesquiterpenes (34.86%). d-limonene (32.82%), α-pinene (24.33%), germacrene-D (4.88%), α-humulene (4.73%), α-cadinol (3.39%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.15%) represented the main components. The administration of ES-EO and ES-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) demonstrated strong, dose-dependent inflammation inhibition capabilities in the model of rat paw edema, in comparison with both the reference drug and control. Reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased levels of glutathione (GSH), and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in paw tissues all contributed to these substantial reductions in inflammation. Moreover, the oral administration of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited potent analgesic and antipyretic activities in rats. Although the higher dose of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg) displayed delayed anti-inflammatory activity, they have long-lasting inflammation inhibition with fast onset and long-standing analgesic effects better than reference drugs. Furthermore, the most effective antipyretic efficacy was provided by ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg). These results provide insight into the possible therapeutic application of ESA-EO and its nanoemulsion against various inflammatory and painful illnesses as well as hyperthermia ailments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria is a parasitic infection primarily caused by four main species of the genus Plasmodium, that is, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae. It is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. It holds the status of one of the leading causes of death in the developing world. Malaria is endemic to Pakistan, and the country experienced the worst floods in its history from April to October 2022. The stagnant flood water served as a breeding ground for mosquitoes, culminating in an alarming spike in malaria cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of cases reported till August 2022 was more than in the whole year of 2021. There was more than a twofold rise in cumulative cases in 62 high‐burden Pakistani Districts in August 2022 as compared to August 2021. Aims: This commentary aims to bring this emerging issue to notice and highlight the most effective probable measures to help eliminate and prevent the hazards the current outbreak poses. Results: Rapid planning and execution are needed to ensure the most efficient and rapid elimination of malaria. To educate the general public, the national government must start public awareness efforts in electronic, print, and social media and deploy solar‐powered mobile healthcare units to far‐flung areas. Prophylactic and postexposure treatments should be planned because larvicidal preventive measures are less practical in flood‐affected vicinities. Conclusion: The most effective preventive strategy is drug prophylaxis, followed by insecticide‐treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and untreated nets. Scientists should intensify their investigations for effective medications to alleviate the malaria burden in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatologists and other providers play essential roles in managing the dermatologic care of pediatric patients. This study aims to identify patterns and elucidate factors associated with receiving dermatologic care in the United States. Methods: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) was used to identify pediatric patients with dermatologic diagnoses from 2009 to 2015. Clinical and demographic information were evaluated, and visit diagnoses were stratified based on provider type (dermatologists vs. non‐dermatologists). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify key predictors of outpatient dermatology care for pediatric patients. National estimates of diagnoses were procured using weights provided within the NAMCS database to project disease incidence. Results: A total of 85,217,557 pediatric patients (survey‐weighted) were observed during the study period. Of the sampled patients, 29.3% were evaluated by dermatologists, while 70.7% were seen by non‐dermatology providers. Atopic dermatitis was the most common diagnosis encountered by dermatologists in ages 0–3 years, while unspecified contact dermatitis was the most common diagnosis reported by non‐dermatologists in all age groups. On multivariable logistic regression, ≥1 year of age, Caucasian race, private insurance versus Medicaid, residence in a metropolitan area, referral from another provider, and longer appointment wait time were associated with an increased likelihood of being evaluated by a dermatologist compared to a non‐dermatologist. Conclusions: Non‐dermatologists are responsible for the majority of pediatric dermatologic care. For pediatric patients, health disparities by race, insurance status, and rurality present significant challenges to being evaluated by a dermatologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Contrast‐enhanced cross‐sectional imaging is the cornerstone in the diagnosis, staging, and management of HCC, including eligibility for liver transplantation (LT). Radiological‐histopathological discordance may lead to improper staging and may impact patient outcomes. We aimed to assess the radiological‐histopathological discordance at the time of LT in HCC patients and its impact on the post‐LT outcomes. Methods: We analyzed further the effect of 6‐month waiting policy on the discordance. Using United Network for Organ Sharing—Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS‐OPTN) database, we examined the discordance between pre‐LT imaging and explant histopathology for all adult HCC patients who received liver transplants from deceased donors between April 2012 and December 2017. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the impact of discordance on 3‐year HCC recurrence and mortality. Results: Of 6842 patients included in the study, 66.7% were within Milan criteria on both imaging and explant histopathology, and 33.3% were within the Milan based on imaging but extended beyond Milan on explant histopathology. Male gender, increasing numbers of tumors, bilobar distribution, larger tumor size, and increasing AFP are associated with increased discordance. Post‐LT HCC recurrence and death were significantly higher in patients who were discordant, with histopathology beyond Milan (adj HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32–2.63 for mortality and 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.70 for recurrence). Graft allocation policy with 6‐month waiting time led to increased discordance (OR 1.19, CI 1.01–1.41), although it did not impact post‐LT outcome. Conclusion: Current practice for staging of HCC based on radiological imaging features alone results in underestimation of HCC burden in one out of three patients with HCC. This discordance is associated with a higher risk of post‐LT HCC recurrence and mortality. These patients will need enhanced surveillance to optimize patient selection and aggressive LRT to reduce post‐LT recurrence and increase survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise effectively promotes and preserves cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular, metabolic, and cognitive functions throughout life. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial adaptations to exercise training are, however, still poorly understood. To improve the mechanistic study of specific exercise training adaptations, standardized, physiological, and well‐characterized training interventions are required. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive interrogation of systemic changes and muscle‐specific cellular and molecular adaptations to voluntary low‐resistance wheel running (Run) and progressive high‐resistance wheel running (RR) in young male mice. Following 10 weeks of training, both groups showed similar improvements in body composition and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), as well as elevated mitochondrial proteins and capillarization markers in the M. plantaris. Run mice clearly outperformed RR mice in a forced treadmill running capacity test, while RR mice displayed increased grip strength as well as superior mass gains in the M. soleus, associated with distinct proteomic changes specifying the two paradigms. Thus, even though both training modalities induce overlapping adaptations, Run interventions preferably improve submaximal running performance, while progressive RR is a valid model to study training‐induced gains in grip strength and plantar flexor hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushrooms possess antihyperglycemic effect on diabetic individuals due to their nonfibrous and fibrous bioactive compounds. This study aimed to reveal the effect of different types of mushrooms on plasma glucose level and gut microbiota composition in diabetic individuals. The effects of five different mushroom species (Ganoderma lucidum, GLM; Pleurotus ostreatus, POM; Pleurotus citrinopileatus, PCM; Lentinus edodes, LEM; or Hypsizigus marmoreus, HMM) on alloxan‐induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The results indicated that LEM and HMM treatments showed lower plasma glucose levels. For the microbiota composition, ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were significantly affected by PCM and LEM treatments (p <.05), while ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were affected by HMM treatment (p <.01). Simpson index was affected in positive control (C+) and POM groups. All these four indices were lower in GLM treatment (p <.05). Dietary supplementation of mushrooms reduced plasma glucose level directly through mushrooms' bioactive compounds (agmatine, sphingosine, pyridoxine, linolenic, and alanine) and indirectly through stachyose (oligosaccharide) and gut microbiota modulation. In conclusion, LEM and HMM can be used as food additives to improve plasma glucose level and gut microbiome composition in diabetic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The use of oral or nasal route for enteral feeding is a standard practice in intensive care patients with a safe profile in general. However, complications associated with the insertion of a nasogastric (NGT) or orogastric tube (OGT) are common in the medical literature compared to the removal of such tubes. Case presentation. We presented a 38-year-old male who was involved in a motor-vehicle collision and found with low Glasgow Coma Scale outside his vehicle. He had polytrauma and was intubated—and commenced on enteral feeding via an OGT. Esophageal bezoar developed within a few days around the feeding tube, resulting in significant force being required to remove it, which was complicated by esophageal perforation. The esophageal injury was treated conservatively with uneventful recovery. Discussion and conclusions. Although limited case reports of esophageal enteral feeding bezoar formation do exist in the literature, we believe that this is the first case report of esophageal perforation due to the forceful removal of a wedged OGT secondary to esophageal bezoar formation. Morbidity associated with OGT/NGT is not common and may require a high index of suspicion to be identified. This is especially true if resistance is appreciated while removing the NGT/OGT. Gastroenterology consultation is recommended as early as possible to detect and manage any complications, however, their role was very limited in such stable case. In addition, early computed tomography (CT) can be considered for timely recognition of esophageal perforation. Non-operative management may be considered in stable patients, especially if the leak is in the cervical portion of the esophagus. Finally, prevention is better than cure, so being diligent in confirming NGT/OGT position, both radiologically and by measuring the tube length at the nostril/mouth, is the key to avoid misplacement and complication. This case raises the awareness of physician for such preventable iatrogenic event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the microbial efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract, octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), NaOCl, and their combinations as intracanal irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods. Sixty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated followed by root canal preparation. Each root specimen was autoclaved, inoculated with E. faecalis, and incubated at 37°C for 48 hr. Then, the specimens were divided into six groups based on the irrigation solution used: 2.5% NaOCl (Group 1), 0.1% OCT (Group 2), M. oleifera leaves extract (Group 3), a combination of M. oleifera extract and 1.25% NaOCl (Group 4), a combination of M. oleifera extract and OCT (Group 5) and normal saline (Group 6). Microbial samples were taken from each root canal before (S1) and after (S2) irrigation and the bacterial viability was assessed using colony-forming units (CFU) on bile esculin agar plates. Results. Comparing the number of CFU/ml before and after irrigation showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in all studied groups. Comparison between the CFU/ml after irrigation by NaOCl and each of the combination groups showed a significant difference. Conclusion. M. oleifera leaves extract and 0.1% OCT solutions have antibacterial effect against E. faecalis comparable to 2.5% NaOCl and might be used as root canal irrigants. The combination groups showed better antimicrobial activities than individual irrigants. However, further studies are required to investigate the biocompatibility and possible toxic effects of the tested irrigants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment options for mycosis fungoides (MF) have been expanding but unfortunately many of the currently used treatment modalities are unavailable in Egypt and other African/Arab countries. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on the treatment of hypopigmented MF (HMF), which is a frequently encountered variant in our population. We aimed to develop regional treatment guidelines based on the international guidelines but modified to encompass the restricted treatment availability and our institutional experience. Special attention was also given to studies conducted on patients with skin phototype (III-IV). Treatment algorithm was formulated at Ain-Shams cutaneous lymphoma clinic through the collaboration of dermatologists, haematologists, and oncologists. Level of evidence is specified for each treatment option. For HMF, phototherapy is recommended as a first line treatment, while low-dose methotrexate is considered a second line. For early classical MF, we recommend Psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA), which is a well-tolerated treatment option in dark phenotype. Addition of either retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist and/or methotrexate is recommended as a second line. Total skin electron beam (TSEB) is considered a third-line option. For advanced stage, PUVA plus RAR agonist and/or methotrexate is recommended as first line, TSEB or monochemotherapy is considered a second line option. Polychemotherapy is regarded as a final option. All patients with complete response (CR) enter a maintenance and follow-up schedule. We suggest a practical algorithm for the treatment of MF for patients with dark phenotype living in countries with limited resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The perceived risk of transmission of aerosolised viral particles from patients to airway practitioners during the COVID‐19 pandemic led to the widespread use of aerosol precautions, including personal protective equipment and modifications to anaesthetic technique. The risk of these aerosol precautions on peri‐operative airway complications has not been assessed outside of simulation studies. This prospective, national, multicentre cohort study aimed to quantify this risk. Adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective or emergency procedures over a 96‐hour period were included. Data collected included use of aerosol precautions by the airway practitioner, airway complications and potential confounding variables. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to assess the risk of individual aerosol precautions on overall and specific airway complications. Data from 5905 patients from 70 hospital sites were included. The rate of airway complications was 10.0% (95%CI 9.2–10.8%). Use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications (odds ratio 1.38, 95%CI 1.04–1.83), predominantly due to an association with difficult facemask ventilation (odds ratio 1.68, 95%CI 1.09–2.61) and desaturation on pulse oximetry (odds ratio 2.39, 95%CI 1.26–4.54). Use of goggles, powered air‐purifying respirators, long‐sleeved gowns, double gloves and videolaryngoscopy were not associated with any alteration in the risk of airway complications. Overall, the use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications, but most aerosol precautions used during the COVID‐19 pandemic were not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, sponge ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) nanocomposites based on functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs) and foaming agent azodicarbonamide (AZD) were successfully fabricated as potential acoustic‐absorbing foams. Two crosslinking systems were utilized for stabilizing the foam structure and improving its properties by subsequent sulfur and electron beam irradiation at 50 kGy as a fixed dose. The impacts of the concentration of AZD, f‐MWCNTs and crosslinking systems on acoustic and physico‐mechanical properties were investigated. The results manifested that the optimum foaming content was 3 phr. The acoustic data exhibited satisfactory enhancement in the sound absorption coefficient (α) for irradiated foam nanocomposites compared to unirradiated nanocomposites. This was attributed to the barrier effect of f‐MWCNTs in reducing the pore size of the foam, leading to an increase in the tortuous path in the foam matrix that stifled the sound waves from transferring into the bulk. Likewise, the compression properties were also improved. However, tensile stress and strain at break values for irradiated foams relatively decreased. The data obtained revealed an excellent possibility of using these EPDM foam nanocomposites for potential applications such as acoustic panels and airborne sound insulation. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GC–MS and HPLC analyses of the hydromethanolic extracts of the truffles Tirmania nivea (TN) and Tirmania pinoyi (TP) revealed the presence of 18 metabolites and 11 polyphenols, respectively. In vivo, TP extract protected against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electric shock (MES)‐induced convulsions faster than TN extract. TP extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed 100% protection and longer duration than TN extract in the scPTZ test. Similarly, at 300 mg/kg, TP demonstrated a quicker start (75%) and longer duration of action (100%) than TN in MES test. In the scPTZ test, ED50 of TP demonstrated greater anticonvulsant efficacy than that of TN. In mice given TP and TN treatments, the brain GABA levels noticeably increased. TP (100 and 300 mg/kg) produced a notable sedative effect in open‐field test, whereas TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) and TP (300 mg/kg) reduced sleep latency by 52%, 45%, and 79%, respectively. In writhing test, TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly enhanced analgesic efficacy by 50 and 87%, respectively. Comparatively, in formalin test, TP and TN at a dosage of 300 mg/kg decreased the length of the licking by 34 and 59%, respectively. For the first time, this study explains the anticonvulsant, sedative, central, and peripheral analgesic activities of truffle extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Cocirculation of influenza (Flu) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (SARS-CoV-2/Flu) represent a public health concern as it may worsen the severity and increase fatality from coronavirus disease 2019. An increase in the number of patients with coinfection was recently reported. We studied epidemiology, severity, and outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2/Flu coinfection seen at Egypt's integrated acute respiratory infections surveillance to better describe disease impact and guide effective preventive measures. Methods. The first two outpatients were seen daily, and every fifth patient admitted to 19 sentinel hospitals with respiratory symptoms was enrolled. Patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and provided nasopharyngeal swabs to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza by real-time polymerase chain reaction at the central laboratory. Data from all patients with coinfection were obtained, and descriptive data analysis was performed for patients' demographics, clinical course, and outcome. Results. The total number of patients enrolled between January 2020 and April 2022 was 18,160 and 6,453 (35.5%) tested positive for viruses, including 52 (0.8%) coinfection. Of them, 36 (69.2%) were coinfected with Flu A/H3, 9 (17.3%) Flu-B, and 7 (13.5%) Flu A/H1. Patients' mean age was 33.2 ± 21, 55.8% were males, and 20 (38.5%) were hospitalized, with mean hospital days 6.7 ± 6. At the hospital, 14 (70.0%) developed pneumonia, 6 (30.0%) ICU admitted, and 4 (20.0%) died. The hospitalization rate among patients coinfected with Flu-B and Flu A/H3 was 55.6 and 41.7%, with mean hospital days (8.0 ± 6 and 6.4 ± 6), pneumonia infection (40.0 and 80.0%), ICU admission (40.0 and 26.7%), and death (20.0% for both), while no patients hospitalized with A/H1. Conclusions. The recent increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2/Flu coinfections was identified in Egypt. The disease could have a severe course and high fatality, especially in those coinfected with Flu-B and Flu A/H3. Monitoring disease severity and impact is required to guide preventive strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bothriogenys is an endemic African anthracothere (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), which was first documented at the beginning of the last century by Schmidt in 1913. It is one of the most common genera and species that were unearthed from Early Oligocene deposits of North Africa, like those of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. It has been thought that the genus Bothriogenys probably give rise to the Early Miocene Brachyodus that dispersed to Europe and Asia around 20 million years ago. Here, we describe a complete skull of B. fraasi. The specimen is a nearly complete cranium with right canine, left and right upper first premolar‐upper third molar. The new skull has two mesial cristae on the upper premolars, three cristules on the metaconule and the upper fourth premolar has three roots. The main palatine foramina are located at the level of the mesial border of the upper fourth premolar and the internal choanae open well behind the upper molar. The cranial bones and the dentition indicate that Bothriogenys is located at the basal part of the subfamily Bothriodontinae and very close to early Miocene Brachyodus. If so Bothriogenys was likely among the first anthracotheriids to enter Africa. Continued anthracothere development and evolution ultimately gave rise to Early Miocene Brachyodus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies showed that elevated levels of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA and HBsAg are associated with increased HCC risk in patients with chronic HBV infection. Multiple studies showed that high levels of HBV DNA and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) are associated with higher HCC risk in CHB patients. Patients treated with antiviral therapy may have undetectable or low levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg loss. However, HCC may develop in some patients with low‐level HBV DNA and HBsAg seroconversion. In this study, we evaluated the role of HBcrAg in predicting HBV related HCC development. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords (hepatitis B core‐related antigen, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver neoplasm, hepatocellular and hepatic cancer, to identify studies assessing serum level of HBcrAg in patients with CHB and HCC. The search resulted in 184 studies. Seven studies were included: Four of which were retrospective cohort studies, and the rest were prospective cohort, case controls. Six of them reported a higher HBcrAg positivity rate in the HCC group when compared with the HBV DNA assay, yet with similar hazard ratio (HR) in predicting the incidence of HCC. However, four studies found that HBcrAg positivity was an independent risk factor for HCC development with a HR ranging from 3.27 to 7.05. HBV‐related HCC has many proposed biomarkers in its prediction, yet our findings revealed HBcrAg to may have superiority over other biomarkers. High quality studies with bigger sample size research is needed to understand the potential role of HBcrAg in CHB induced HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aim to assess whether the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing lipid emulsion (LE) SMOFlipid 20% (Fresenius Kabi Canada Ltd) is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)–free survival at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age in very preterm infants. Methods: This cohort study is nested in the MOBYDIck randomized clinical trial (NCT02371460), which investigated the effect of maternal DHA supplementation on BPD‐free survival in breastfed very preterm infants born between 23 0/7 and 28 6/7 weeks' gestation in 16 Canadian neonatal intensive care units (2015–2018). Parenteral SMOF‐LE was given to the infants according to the sites' routine care protocols. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations taking into account recruitment site, multiple birth, DHA supplementation, birth weight, sex, and gestational age. Results: Among 528 infants (mean gestational age, 26.5 weeks [SD, 1.6]), 272 received SMOF‐LE. Overall, 56.7% of the infants in the SMOF‐LE group and 59.7% infants in the non–SMOF‐LE group survived without BPD (adjusted RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.77–1.14]; P = 0.51). BPD rates were 39.3% in the SMOF‐LE group vs 34.1% in the non–SMOF‐LE group (adjusted RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.82–1.47]; P = 0.53). Severe BPD rates were 31.8% in the SMOF‐LE group vs 28.8% in the non–SMOF‐LE group (adjusted P = 0.59). Mortality was not significantly different between the SMOF‐LE (6.7%) and non–SMOF‐LE groups (9.5%; adjusted P = 0.40). Conclusion: In very preterm infants, intravenous DHA‐containing SMOF‐LE during the neonatal period was not associated with BPD‐free survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]