Search

Optoelectronic devices based on geometrically asymmetric architecture have recently attracted attention due to their high performance as photodetectors and simple fabrication process. Herein, a p‐type 2D MoSe2 photodetector based on geometrically asymmetric contacts is reported for the first time. The device exhibits a high current rectification ratio of ≈104 and a large self‐powered photovoltage responsivity of ≈4.38 × 107 V W−1, as well as a maximum photocurrent responsivity of ≈430 mA W−1 along with a response time of ≈2.3 ms under 470 nm wavelength at 3 V bias voltage. The photocurrent responsivity is further enhanced to an ultrahigh responsivity of ≈1615 mA W−1 by applying a gate bias voltage due to the electrostatic modulation of carrier concentration in the MoSe2 channel. The simple fabrication process of the geometrically asymmetric MoSe2 diodes along with their high photodetection and diode rectifying performance make them excellent candidates for electronic and optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene occur in 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Though less studied, K601E may identify a clinically distinct subset of thyroid neoplasms. Methods: A bioinformatics assessment was conducted using the COSMIC database and in silico data analysis. A systematic search was conducted through August 2024 to identify studies reporting BRAF mutation in thyroid neoplasms. Pooled prevalence, histopathological subtype distribution, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and survival were extracted/analyzed from 32 studies (13 191 patients). Results: In the COSMIC database, BRAF K601E was found in various tissue types but mainly in the thyroid. In silico data analysis revealed a structural and functional basis for differences between K601E and V600E. Upon systematic review, the BRAF K601E mutation was identified in 2.8% of PTCs compared to 22% with V600E. The stratified analysis revealed geographical differences, with higher rates in Italy (5.23%) and the United States of America (3.31%). The K601E mutant was enriched for follicular‐patterned variants like NIFTP (11.2% of cases). Meta‐analysis demonstrated significantly reduced extrathyroidal extension for K601E versus V600E mutants (RR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.10–0.50, p = 0.0003). Conclusion: K601E‐mutated neoplasms could be a unique clinicopathological entity associated with low‐risk histology and reduced extrathyroidal extension, consistent with a more indolent course than V600E mutants. Although detecting K601E may potentially guide conservative management, further prospective studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an herbaceous plant that contains a phytochemical which is bright yellow and is known as curcumin. Turmeric, a member of Zingiberaceae family, has extensive application worldwide due to its beneficial medicinal attributes and is extensively used as a medicinal plant. Most people use turmeric as a spice, and it is a chief source of polyphenol curcumin. Curcuma longa has therapeutic properties, and since the initial extraction of curcumin from this plant, it has gained prodigious consideration from scientists in the medical field. The biological properties of curcumin, also known as 1,7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione, or diferuloylmethane, include anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, anti‐asthmatic, anti‐arthritic, neuroprotective, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, wound‐healing, hepatoprotective, skin curative, reproductive role, etc. This work has reviewed many clinical trials and their findings about these activities. The focus of this review manuscript is concentrated on the presently existing clinical and animal studies, which exposed the possible anti‐retroviral activities of curcumin and its by‐products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dermatological manifestations of the coronavirus cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. The current study investigates the morphological and histopathological relationship between the emergence of skin lesions and the severity of COVID‐19 across the course of the disease via a cross‐sectional study. There were skin lesions (maculopapular rash, vesiculobullous lesions, urticarial lesions, cutaneous thromboembolic "CT," and erythema multiforme‐like lesions "EM‐like") in confirmed COVID‐19 instances. A total of 150 patients of both sexes were evaluated morphologically and were classified as early (44% of the total) or late based on the emergence of respiratory symptoms (one week before or two weeks after, respectively). The early and late diagnostic groups represented 44% and 56% of the total patients, respectively. Patients with no skin lesion and one skin lesion showed a significant correlation with disease timeline early and late stages (X2 = 22.38, P < 0.001; X2 = 4.432, P < 0.001, respectively). CT and EM‐like were correlated with the disease severity, X2 = 50.51, P < 0.001; X2 = 19.186, P ≤ 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggested that the onset of dermatological lesions that developed during the COVID‐19 pandemic may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for COVID‐19 severity. Therefore, a thorough examination of the skin may save time and bring physicians to an accurate diagnosis and, as a result, prompt treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypercholesteremia is the main contributor to metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which are the primary global sources of morbidity and death rates. Garlic scapes, a member of the Allium sativum family and a rich source of antioxidants, are utilized in various cuisine preparations due to their unique flavors and tastes. The current study examined garlic scape powder's effect on apoprotein E and its ability to decrease cholesterol. In an in vivo experiment, normal, healthy Wistar albino rats (weeks) were divided into a negative control group (NC, n = 10) and a high‐fat diet‐raised group (n = 50) until they achieved cholesterol ≥250 mg/dL. Hypercholesteremic rats were further divided randomly into five groups: positive control (PC), standard group (fenofibrate 20 mg/kg bwt), and treatment groups G1, G2, and G3 that were administered with garlic scape powder 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg/kg bwt orally, respectively, for 3 months. The blood samples were examined for cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), low‐density lipoproteins, apoprotein E, albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The liver tissues of the rats were subjected to histopathology. The lipid profile was assessed using serum kit techniques, whereas an ELISA kit was used to evaluate apoprotein E, and a serum kit was used to estimate ALT and AST. In comparison to all other groups except NC, the highest dose of 1200 mg/kg bwt of garlic scapes significantly (p ≤.05) increased serum insulin (13.66 ± 0.72 μU/mL), apoprotein E levels (6.08 ± 0.10 mg/dL), HDL (42.1 ± 1.81 mg/dL), and reduce TG (88.7 ± 1.64 mg/dL) and decreased overall cholesterol levels (67.9 ± 1.17 mg/dL). Except for NC, all treatment groups had significantly (p ≤.05) lower ALT and AST values than PC. To sum up, powdered garlic scapes may be a great way to avoid hyperlipidemia, which raises the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. ALT and AST levels were significantly (p ≤.05) reduced in all treatment groups compared to PC, except for NC. In conclusion, garlic scape powder may be an excellent source to prevent hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In addition, powdered garlic scapes supplementation at high doses may be used as an alternative natural source in functional foods to halt hyperlipidemia without liver toxicity in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) is commonly advocated to treat patients with altered passive eruption (APE). Since the introduction of the minimally invasive surgical concept, a limited number of studies have investigated this technique in a standardized manner, with further studies required to verify the validity and predictability of the minimally invasive FL‐technique. The current randomized trial compares a minimally invasive (ECL), using piezosurgery with flapless‐approach (FL), versus an open‐flap (OF) approach in the management of patients with APE Type 1B. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four patients diagnosed with APE Type 1B were randomly assigned into test (FL) with tunneling approach or control (OF) group with minimally invasive flap reflection (n = 12/group). Postoperative pain was assessed during the first 48 h. Gingival margin (GM) level relative to a custom‐made stent (rGM) and patient satisfaction were assessed preoperative, immediately after surgery, at 3 and 6 months postsurgically. Postoperative swelling was reported for the first week postsurgically. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD) and pink esthetic score (PES), were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Linear regression analysis was conducted for pain. Results: OF‐group reported significantly higher pain and swelling scores than FL‐group during the first 48 h (p < 0.05). FL‐group showed no significant differences regarding rGM between 3 and 6 months, in contrast to OF‐group, where a significant decrease in rGM was notable (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PI, BoP, CAL, PD, PES, and patient satisfaction scores were evident between groups (p > 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that treatment and gender were significant predictors for pain (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the current study's limitations, piezo‐surgical ECL with FL‐approach presented significantly lower postoperative pain, swelling, and early GM stability compared to OF‐approach. Clinical Significance: Piezosurgical ECL with a FL‐approach can be considered a predictable technique with advantages over the OF‐approach in the management of patients with APE Type1B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This randomized trial assessed for the first time the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) followed by micro‐needling (MN) in contrast to CAF with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on gingival thickness (GT, primary outcome), keratinized tissue width (KTW), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), recession reduction (Rec‐Red), complete root coverage (CRC) and percentage of root coverage (all secondary outcomes) in management of RT1 gingival recession in patients with thin gingival phenotype. Methods: A total of 24 patients (n = 24) with a thin gingival phenotype and single RT1 gingival recession in the aesthetic zone were randomly allocated to test‐ (CAF + MN; n = 12) or control group (CAF + ADM; n = 12). All clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results: Both groups independently demonstrated significant gain in GT, RW, RD, CAL, PD, Rec‐Red, CRC and percentage of root coverage, with reduced PI and BOP (p <.05) at 3 and 6 months, without intergroup differences (p >.05). At 6 months, KTW gain was significantly higher in CAF + MN (5.08 ± 0.9 mm) than in CAF + ADM‐group (4.25 ± 1.06 mm; p <.05). Stepwise linear regression model with GT as dependent variable showed that base‐line GT was the only statistically significant predictor for GT with a direct correlation between base‐line GT and GT after 6 months. Conclusion: CAF followed by MN could represent a promising graft‐less approach for increasing gingival thickness, comparable to CAF with ADM, with superior keratinized tissue width improvement, in the treatment of RT1 recession defects in patients with thin gingival phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep patterns and quality among nursing students in our college. Design: A cross‐sectional study was carried out. Methods: A total of 302 nursing students aged 18–25 years, representing both genders and various academic levels, participated in this study. A pre‐validated, self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality during COVID‐19 and it was distributed through various social media platforms for data collection. Results: Female students comprised the majority (92.1%) of participants. Of 332 nursing students, 302 completed the questionnaire, yielding a 91% response rate. Statistically significant differences were observed before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown regarding the need to sleep after waking, feeling refreshed upon waking, satisfaction with individual sleep patterns and experiencing restless and troubled sleep (p = 0.001). Additionally, approximately one‐third of nursing students (32.9%) reported poor sleep quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with minimal impact on the total sleep hours among the studied cohorts. Public Contribution: The COVID‐19 pandemic has statistically significant impacted nursing students' sleep quality and levels. Acknowledging these challenges and planning for providing supporting measurements is essential to ensuring that nursing students can maintain their physical and mental health, which is critical for their ability to provide quality healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children presenting in acute liver failure (ALF) can be fatal and often requires liver transplantation (LTx). This individual patient data meta‐analysis (IPD) aims to examine management and outcomes of this population, given the lack of large cohort studies on paediatric AIH first presenting as ALF (AIH‐ALF). Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses of IPD statement using PubMed and Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and included English studies published between 2000 and 2020. The study included patients under 21 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 or 2 AIH and presenting with ALF. Data extracted included clinical and biochemical characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Results: Three hundred and thirty eligible patients from 61 studies were identified, with an additional five patients from our institution. The majority were female (66.8%), with a median age of 10. Overall, 59.7% achieved native liver survival (NLS), 35% underwent LTx, and 5% died before LTx. The use of corticosteroids with non‐steroid immunomodulators increased the likelihood of NLS by 2.5‐fold compared to corticosteroids alone. AIH‐1 was associated with 3.3‐fold odds for NLS, compared to AIH‐2. However, on multivariate analysis, only AIH‐1 was identified as an independent predictor for NLS (OR 3.8 [95% CI 1.03–14.2], p =.04). Conclusion: While corticosteroids and non‐steroid immunomodulators treatment may offer enhanced probability of achieving NLS, treatment regimens for AIH‐ALF may need to consider patient‐specific factors, especially AIH type. This highlights the potential for NLS in AIH‐ALF and suggest a need to identify biomarkers which predict the need for combination immunosuppression to avoid LTx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a critical role in post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and its intervention with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be a potential therapeutic target. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of zoledronate (ZA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats through targeting ACE2, ROCK, and VEGF signaling pathways. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle‐treated, PF, PF‐ZA 50, and PF‐ZA 100 groups. ZA was given in two different doses 100 and 50 μg/kg/week intraperitoneally. After anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) was measured. After scarification, lung coefficient was calculated. Lung levels of ACE 2, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), VEGF, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Expression of ROCK, phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (P‐MYPT1), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐1), along with histopathological changes and immune‐histochemical staining for lung α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), and caspase‐3, were evaluated. Results: ZA significantly prevented the decrease in MBP. ZA significantly increased ACE2, GSH, and SOD and significantly decreased IL‐1β, TGF‐β, and VEGF in lung in comparison to PF group. ZA prevented the histopathological changes induced by CCl4. ZA inhibited lung expression of ROCK, P‐MYPT1, MMP‐1, α‐SMA, TNFα, and caspase‐3 with significant differences favoring the high dose intervention. Conclusion: ZA in a dose‐dependent manner prevented the pathological effect of CCl4 in the lung by targeting mevalonate pathway. It could be promising therapy against PCPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses are instrumental in shaping clinical practice. However, their findings can sometimes be marred by discrepancies and potential biases, thereby diluting the strength of the evidence presented. Umbrella reviews serve to comprehensively assess and synthesise these reviews, offering a clearer insight into the quality of the evidence presented. In the context of the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and assisted conception outcomes, there is a divergence in the literature. Some reviews suggest a clear cause‐and‐effect linkage, whereas others present conflicting or inconclusive results. Objectives: In this umbrella review we aimed to synthesise the evidence collated in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses summarising the association of SDF with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Search strategy: After preregistration (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6JHDP), we performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases. We conducted a search for systematic reviews on the association between SDF and ART without any restrictions on language or publication date. Selection criteria: Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses assessing the association between SDF and ART outcomes were eligible. Data collection and analysis: We assessed the quality of the included reviews using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS, and determined the degree of overlap of primary studies between reviews estimating the corrected covered area (CCA), adjusted for structural missingness. We evaluated the most recent reviews assessing the association of SDF with live birth, pregnancy, miscarriage, implantation, blastulation and fertilisation. The synthesis of evidence was harmonised across all included quantitative syntheses, re‐estimating the odds ratio (eOR) in random‐effects meta‐analyses with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and 95% prediction intervals (95% PIs). We categorised the evidence strength into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak or nonsignificant, according to the meta‐analysis re‐estimated P‐value, total sample size, I2 statistic for heterogeneity, small study effect, excess significance bias and the largest study significance. Main results: We initially captured and screened 49 332 records. After excluding duplicate and ineligible articles, 22 systematic reviews, 15 of which were meta‐analyses, were selected. The 22 reviews showed a moderate degree of overlap (adjusted CCA 9.2%) in their included studies (overall n = 428, with 180 unique studies). The 15 meta‐analyses exhibited a high degree of overlap (adjusted CCA = 13.6%) in their included studies (overall n = 274, with 118 unique studies). AMSTAR 2 categorised the quality of evidence in 18 reviews as critically low and the quality of evidence in four reviews as low. ROBIS categorised all the reviews as having a high risk of bias. The re‐estimated results showed that the association of SDF with live birth was weak in one and nonsignificant in four meta‐analyses. Similarly, the association of SDF with pregnancy, miscarriage, implantation, blastulation and fertilisation was also weak or nonsignificant. The association of high SDF with different ART outcomes was also weak or nonsignificant for different interventions (IVF, ICSI and IUI) and tests. Conclusions: This umbrella review did not find convincing or suggestive evidence linking SDF with ART outcomes. Caution should be exercised in making any claims, policies or recommendations concerning SDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the prevalence and characteristics of von Willebrand disease (VWD) in Oman. The researchers found that VWD is not uncommon in Oman, with a prevalence of 1 in 50,000. The most common type of VWD in the population is type I, and the disease is more prevalent in females. Patients with type III VWD tend to have a more severe bleeding phenotype, but the incidence of bleeding episodes in this group was relatively low in the study. The researchers suggest the establishment of a local registry for VWD patients in Oman and neighboring Gulf countries. [Extracted from the article]

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the mycotoxins in the agriculture and livestock sectors. The poultry sector suffered from significant economic losses due to the adverse impacts of OTA on the growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and livability. Thus, the present investigation aimed to determine the impact of chamomile essential oil supplementation against OTA toxicity in growing quails. 360 one‐week‐old growing quails were distributed into six groups (n = 60) with four replicates of 15 birds. The groups were G1 (control negative), G2 (OTA 1 mg/kg diet, control positive), G3 (chamomile oil 0.5 g/kg diet), G4 (chamomile oil 1 g/kg diet), G5 (OTA 1 mg/kg diet + chamomile oil 0.5 g/kg diet), and G6 (OTA 1 mg/kg diet + chamomile oil 1 g/kg diet). Adding OTA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced live body weight and weight gain at 5 weeks. Feed intake at 5 weeks was nonsignificantly reduced in G3 and G4 compared to G1. G4 showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. The G2 showed the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione transferase (GST) activity, and the highest levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, they showed a significant improvement in liver enzymes and kidney function tests and a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Chamomile supplementation alone or with OTA significantly (P < 0.05) increased immunoglobulin M, G, A, and complement 3 than OTA alone. Chamomile oil with an OTA diet or alone reduced the negative effects of OTA and improved the performance, antioxidant status, lipid profile, and immunological state of growing Japanese quails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2000 to 2022, all and serious notifications of the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) on herbs and spices were examined to identify the most notified products, their associated hazards and origin countries, as well as the consequent notification classification and actions taken. The data reveals that 3741 notifications were transmitted for herbs and spices during the last 23 years, accounting for 5.3% of the RASFF total notifications of all product categories (70630). Border rejection and serious risk decisions represented 37.9% and 39.5% of the total herbs and spices notifications, respectively. In the last 5 years, serious notifications ranged from 76.6% to 87.2% of all herbs and spices notifications. India was the most notified origin country (23.6%), followed by Brazil (8.7%), Thailand (7.2%), Turkey (5.8%), and China (4.6%). The top 10 notified herbs and spices were chili, black pepper, curry, paprika, nutmeg, spice mix, basil, mint, ginger, and cumin, while the top 10 hazards were Salmonella, aflatoxin, Sudan 1, Sudan 4, ethylene oxide (EtO), ochratoxin A, chlorpyrifos, Escherichia coli, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and color E 160b. Approximately 96.3% of black pepper, 71% of chili, and almost all nutmeg serious notifications were related to Salmonella, aflatoxins, and mycotoxins, respectively. Strict measures to minimize the risk associated with such contaminants in herbs and spices must be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demographic factors, the socioeconomic status and the ethnicity of populations are important players that determine the incidence, the prevalence and the spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical presentations in different populations. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to investigate the possible association between the Ikaros family zinc finger 1 gene (IKZF1) rs4132601 and rs11978267 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SLE susceptibility and clinical presentations including lupus nephritis (LN) among Egyptian paediatric patients. After DNA extraction from Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood samples for 104 paediatric SLE (pSLE) patients and 286 healthy controls, the investigated SNPs (IKZF1 rs4132601 and rs11978267) were genotyped using TaqMan‐Real‐time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The G allele, GG and GT genotypes of IKZF1 rs4132601 were associated with pSLE (pc<.001, OR 2.97, 3.2 and 2.25, respectively). The GG and GA haplotype were more frequent in pSLE patients than other haplotypes (pc<.001, OR 3.47 and pc =.004, OR = 2.8, respectively). The studied SNPs have no impact on the distinctive features of pSLE. The rs4132601 TG genotype was significantly associated with proliferative LN (pc =.03) The IKZF1 rs4132601 can be considered a risk factor for SLE in the cohort of Egyptian children. The TG genotype of the IKZF1 rs4132601 may predispose to proliferative LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving eco‐friendly coating‐based materials for wool artifacts, such as kilim fabric can inspire new‐fashion design avenues for conserving ancient cultural heritage. Thus, this research addresses an efficient treatment agent from natural rosin acids (R) and dapsone (D) with variable sublethal proportions of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (i.e., 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6%) for modifying kilim fabric (KF) using a dip‐coating method. The nanostructure of prepared TiO2 nanoparticles and their particle size were examined by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Zetasizer analyzer. The data showed that the majority of prepared TiO2 oriented to a rutile‐type structure with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 48.30–49.65 nm. The KF‐R/D‐0.3% TiO2 NPs specimen provided the best tensile properties reached ~3192 N compared with the untreated KF (i.e., 1125 N). This finding confirmed by SEM observations. Whereas, the specimen containing decorated TiO2 NPs (i.e., 0.6%) possessed higher flammability resistance property compared with other specimens. Moreover, XRD and FTIR results for treated KF specimens demonstrated the significant role of TiO2 NPs, which react with KF keratin either by new linkages or through chelating geometry to form a compact KF matrix. This contributed to enhance the tensile and flammability properties. Additionally, a great achievement in antibacterial properties occurred when TiO2 NPs used and their inhibitory zones were 18–36 mm, depending on the bacteria and specimen type. Highlights: Novel treatment of KF fabric‐based bioagents with sublethal contents of TiO2 NPs was successfully prepared by dip‐coating route.The tensile force and flammability of treated KF fabric were greatly enhanced.A great achievement in antibacterial activity was noticed when TiO2 added.These treated fabrics have excellent possibility for use in conserving cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization‐sensitive and self‐driven pyroelectric‐based photodetectors have recently gained interest due to their potential application in artificial electronic eyes, biomedical imaging, and optical switches. Here, a photodetector based on light modulation‐induced polarization and depolarization of water molecules on the surface of a 2D MoS2 crystal is reported. The MoS2‐water heterostructure photodetector serves as a self‐driven pyro‐phototronic device that converts light‐induced thermal energy to electrical signals, leading to a transient photoresponsivity as high as 24.6 mA W−1 and a specific detectivity of 2.85 × 108 Jones under 470 nm wavelength at zero bias. Due to the formation of a built‐in electric field at the MoS2‐water interface, this structure also has a high steady–state responsivity of 3.62 A W−1 and detectivity of 9.18 × 108 Jones at 3 V bias, along with a fast response time of ≈0.74 ms. Moreover, due to the rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network in the liquid water upon visible light illumination, the MoS2‐water photodetector is light polarization‐sensitive. The simple fabrication process, low cost, polarization sensitivity, and high performance of the MoS2‐water structure make it an excellent candidate for liquid‐compatible photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used drug for management of epilepsy. Prolonged VPA administration increases the risk of hepatotoxicity. Liraglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist that act as a novel antidiabetic drug with broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study tested the protective effect of liraglutide against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity elucidating the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Forty adult male rats were allocated in to four equally sized groups; Group I (control group) received oral distilled water and subcutaneous normal saline for 2 weeks followed by subcutaneous normal saline only for 2 weeks. Group II (liraglutide group) received subcutaneous liraglutide dissolved in normal saline daily for 4 weeks. Group III (valproic acid‐treated group) received sodium valproate dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks. Group IV (Combined valproic acid & liraglutide treated group) received valproic acid plus liraglutide daily for 2 weeks which was continued for additional 2 weeks after valproic acid administration. The hepatic index was calculated. Serum AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP activities were estimated. Hepatic tissue homogenate MDA, GSH, SOD, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1, and RIPK3 levels were evaluated using ELISA. However, hepatic RAGE and MLKL messenger RNA expression levels using the QRT‐PCR technique. Hepatic NF‐κB and TNF‐α were detected immunohistochemically. Results proved that liraglutide coadministration significantly decreased liver enzymes, MDA, HMGB1, MAPK, RIPK1 RIPK3, RAGE, and MLKL with concomitant increased GSH and SOD in comparison to the correspondent values in VPA‐hepatotoxicity group. Conclusions: Liraglutide's protective effects against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity are triggered by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis. Significance statement: Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used drug for the management of epilepsy. However, Prolonged VPA administration raises the risk of hepatotoxicity. Liraglutide is a novel antidiabetic drug with broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of liraglutide against VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herpes zoster (HZ) may have atypical clinical presentations, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Nodular HZ is an extremely rare condition. We report the first case of recurrent papulonodular HZ in an adult patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving biologic treatment. More interestingly, there was no epidermal involvement on histopathological examination, but the involvement of the adnexa and blood vessels was a clue to the diagnosis in view of the clinical context. We wish to raise awareness of this rare manifestation of HZ for early diagnosis and proper treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Epilepsy is associated with higher morbidity and mortality compared to people without epilepsy. We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional and longitudinal cohort study to evaluate cardiovascular comorbidity and incident vascular events in people with epilepsy (PWE). Methods: Data were extracted from the French Hospital National Database. PWE (n = 682,349) who were hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2022 were matched on age, sex, and year of hospitalization with 682,349 patients without epilepsy. Follow‐up was conducted from the date of first hospitalization with epilepsy until the date of each outcome or date of last news in the absence of the outcome. Primary outcome was the incidence of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, ischaemic stroke (IS), new onset atrial fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF), and cardiac arrest. Results: A diagnosis of epilepsy was associated with higher numbers of cardiovascular risk factors and adverse cardiovascular events compared to controls. People with epilepsy had a higher incidence of all‐cause death (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67–2.72), cardiovascular death (IRR = 2.16, 95% CI = 2.11–2.20), heart failure (IRR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.25–1.28), IS (IRR = 2.08, 95% CI = 2.04–2.13), VT/VF (IRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.16), and cardiac arrest (IRR = 2.12, 95% CI = 2.04–2.20). When accounting for all‐cause death as a competing risk, subdistribution hazard ratios for ischaemic stroke of 1.59 (95% CI = 1.55–1.63) and for cardiac arrest of 1.73 (95% CI = 1.58–1.89) demonstrated higher risk in PWE. Conclusions: The prevalence and incident rates of cardiovascular outcomes were significantly higher in PWE. Targeting cardiovascular health could help reduce excess morbidity and mortality in PWE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly affected nursing, as nurses are crucial in providing healthcare services. Understanding the factors influencing nurse retention is essential for maintaining a strong and long‐lasting workforce because nurse retention is becoming increasingly complex. This study aimed to investigate the influence of professional identity and job satisfaction on the intention to remain employed while also evaluating the levels of professional identity, job satisfaction, and intention to stay among paediatric nurses amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. This correlational and descriptive study included a stratified sample of 257 paediatric nurses and was guided by the STROBE checklist. Data were collected through valid and reliable questionnaires, which included a nurses' professional identity scale, job satisfaction survey, intention to stay scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Data collection was conducted from January to April 2022. The study was approved by the ethical research committee at the Nursing Faculty – Mansoura University, ensuring adherence to the Helsinki Declaration. The paediatric nurses reported elevated professional identity, moderate job satisfaction, and moderate intention to stay employed with mean scores of 80.35 ± 13.22, 113.70 ± 19.58, and 8.40 ± 3.55, respectively. Multiple regression explained 13.0% of the variation in paediatric nurses' intention to remain employed (F = 18.50, p < 0.001). Professional identity positively correlated with the intention to stay (β = 2.69, p = 0.008). Job satisfaction also had a positive relationship with the intention to stay (β = 3.49, p < 0.001). Healthcare managers should focus on professional identity strategies such as supportive work environments, growth opportunities, and valuing paediatric nurses' contributions. Implementing interventions such as fair compensation, support, and rewards can enhance paediatric nurses' retention and quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country's flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro‐echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate–verrucate, and verrucate–scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC–MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1‐hexadecyne, 2‐chloroethanol, 1,6‐heptadiene, 2‐methyl‐, 5‐bromoadamantan‐2‐one, ethyl 3‐(3‐pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several treatment modalities are available for the treatment of vitiligo due to the lack of a uniformly effective therapy. Topical latanoprost 0.005% is an effective topical treatment. Fractional CO2 laser alone or combined with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as effective adjunctive therapies. Objectives: We aimed to compare the efficacy of topical latanoprost 0.005% (Ioprost®, Orchidia, Egypt) combined with either add‐on fractional CO2 laser or fractional CO2‐PRP versus topical latanoprost monotherapy in the treatment of localized stable vitiligo. Patients/Methods: The study included 60 patients randomly assigned into three equal groups. Group A patients received topical latanoprost drops only. Group B patients received topical latanoprost drops and fractional CO2 laser sessions at 2‐week interval for 3 months. Group C patients received topical latanoprost drops and fractional CO2 laser sessions combined with PRP at a 2‐week interval for 3 months. The mean improvement score by the physician was calculated 4 months after the start of the study. Punch skin biopsies were obtained before treatment and 4 months from the beginning of the study and stained with H&E and HMB‐45 antibody for evaluation of pigmentation. Results: Significant clinical improvement of vitiligo lesions with significant increase of re‐pigmentation were reported in the three treated groups. Latanoprost in combination with fractional CO2 and PRP was associated with more significant therapeutic outcomes than either combined latanoprost and fractional CO2 or latanoprost alone. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser‐PRP enhances the therapeutic efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% in the treatment of localized stable vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) phototherapy is the cornerstone of vitiligo treatment. Its combination with other treatments usually yields a better response. Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2α analog, and autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) have been reported to be effective for vitiligo. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of NB‐UVB combined with intralesional latanoprost or PRP for stable nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Methods: Sixty patients with stable NSV were recruited and randomly allocated to two equal groups. NB‐UVB phototherapy was administered twice a week for all patients. Additionally, group A received intralesional latanoprost injections once weekly, while group B received intralesional autologous PRP injections every 2 weeks. Results: At 24 weeks, excellent repigmentation response was observed in 26.7% and 13.3% of patients in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB and PRP/NB‐UVB groups, respectively, with no significant difference in degrees of repigmentation between the two groups. However, the Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) score was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB group (p =.032). Moreover, lesions located on nonacral skin responded significantly better than those on acral skin. Only erythema was significantly higher in the PRP/NB‐UVB group, while the recurrence of depigmentation was significantly higher in the latanoprost/NB‐UVB group. Conclusions: Both latanoprost and PRP have the potential to be effective add‐on therapies to NB‐UVB phototherapy for stable NSV, with latanoprost resulting in a greater repigmentation response and PRP producing a more stable response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver transplant (LT) recipients have a high burden of cognitive impairment risk factors identified in other populations, yet little work has explored cognition in the United States LT population. We characterized prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in LT recipients pre‐LT and ≥3 months post‐LT. Adult LT recipients with cirrhosis but without active pre‐LT hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were screened for CI using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for CI (MoCA <24) both pre‐LT and ≥3 months post‐LT. The association between cognitive performance and recipient characteristics was assessed using logistic regression. Of 107 LT recipients, 36% had pre‐LT CI and 27% had post‐LT CI [median (Q1–Q3) MoCA 26 (23–28)]. Each 1‐point increase in pre‐LT MoCA was associated with 26% lower odds of post‐LT cognitive impairment (aOR.74, 95% CI.63–.87, p <.001), after adjusting for recipient age, history of HE, and time since LT. In this study of cirrhosis recipients without active pre‐LT HE, cognitive impairment was prevalent before LT and remained prevalent ≥3 months after LT (27%), long after effects of portal hypertension on cognition would be expected to have resolved. Our data expose an urgent need for more comprehensive neurologic examination of LT recipients to better identify, characterize, and address predictors of post‐LT cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 was first identified in 2019, it has been reported that the virus could infect a variety of animals either naturally or experimentally. This review discusses the occurrence SARS‐CoV‐2 in dogs and cats and the role of these animals in transmitting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to their owners. The data were collected from epidemiological studies and case reports that focused on studying the occurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pet animals and their owners. Epidemiological studies and case reports indicate that dogs and cats are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 either naturally or experimentally; however, the global number of naturally infected animals is far lower than the number of people who have COVID‐19. These studies demonstrate that pet animals acquire the infection from direct contact with COVID‐19‐infected owners. Currently, there are no studies reporting that dogs and cats can transmit SARS‐CoV‐2 to other animals and humans, under natural conditions. The emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in companion animals (dogs and cats) in different countries worldwide raises concerns that pets are at higher risk for spreading and transmitting SARS‐CoV‐2 to humans and other animals, which poses a hazard to the public health. Therefore, investigating the role of dogs and cats in the transmission and epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 will help us to design and implement appropriate preventive measures against the further transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the value of penile elastography in assessing the fibrotic changes in the corpora cavernosa. Patients and Methods: Eighty participants were included in the study. These were divided into two equal groups: a study group (group 1) included patients with ED who did not respond to intracavernosal injection (ICI), and an age‐matched control group (group 2) included age‐matched subjects with normal erection. All subjects answered an International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) questionnaire. The first group was evaluated by two ICI trials of 1 mL Quadmix, each took place 1 week apart, followed by a color duplex/Doppler ultrasonography (CDDU) scan using also a 1 mL Quadmix. All the above was done a week before the penile shear wave elastography (SWE) scan. It comprised a 12‐section scan of both corpora cavernosa. Each corpus was scanned in three different segments (proximal, mid‐shaft, and distal), and in both longitudinal and transverse axes. Results: Comparisons of the laboratory data were non‐significant, apart from the glycosylated hemoglobin which proved significant (P value <.001) in both groups. Also, the IIEF‐5 scores were significantly lower in the study group (P value <.001). Significantly higher SWE readings (indicating higher fibrotic) were found in the study group compared with the control group in almost all of the scanned segments and their combinations (P value <.05). Conclusion: SWE can effectively assess the fibrotic changes occurring in the corpora cavernosa. Hence, SWE could be utilized as a modality that helps diagnose patients with ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrity of randomized clinical trials (RCT) has become a concern owing to a recent rise in the number of retractions and the repercussions this has for evidence‐based patient care. However, there is little research on the subject of RCT integrity assessment. Recent literature reviews have revealed that journals' authors' instructions concerning integrity and their investigation policies concerning allegations of misconduct are heterogeneous. The judicious use of integrity tests applied to RCT manuscripts is hampered by an absence of data concerning misconduct prevalence (pre‐test probability), a failure to evaluate test performance (validity) and a lack of consensus over a gold standard (against which test accuracy can be evaluated). These deficiencies hinder the post‐publication correction of RCT records, the integrity evaluations in systematic reviews of RCTs and the prospective application of preventive solutions in RCT peer‐review and preprint assessment. Dealing with the current controversy about trustworthiness of RCT evidence requires a strong investment in research, reform and education concerning research integrity. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the current limitations in dealing with trial integrity‐related concerns and to propose solutions to some of these issues. Synopsis: Concerns regarding the integrity of randomized clinical trials need to be addressed by using validated and robust methods to ensure impartial and objective assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) show remarkable pluripotent, regenerative, and immunological capacities. During in vivo regenerative processes, there could be the presence of SHED in the surrounding inflammatory microenvironment, through toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Aim: The aim of this paper was to present a characteristic TLR expression profile on SHED for the first time. Design: Cells were harvested from extracted primary teeth (n = 10), anti‐STRO‐1 immunomagnetically sorted and cultivated, through colony‐forming units (CFUs). SHED were examined for mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell traits, including the expression of clusters of differentiation (CDs) 14, 34, 45, 73, 90, 105, and 146, and their multilineage differentiation aptitude. TLRs 1–10 expression was investigated for SHED in uninflamed and inflamed (25 ng/mL IL‐1β, 103 U/mL IFN‐γ, 50 ng/mL TNF‐α, and 3 × 103 U/mL IFN‐α; SHED‐i) microenvironmental conditions. Results: SHED were negative for CDs 14, 34, and 45, but were positive for CDs 73, 90, 105, and 146, and demonstrated characteristic multilineage differentiation. In an uninflamed microenvironment, SHED expressed TLRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10. The inflammatory microenvironment downregulated TLR7 significantly on gene level and upregulated TLR8 on gene and protein levels (p <.05; Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). Conclusion: There appears to be a unique TLR expression profile on SHED, which could modulate their immunological and regenerative abilities in oral tissue engineering approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its clinical value, cisplatin (CISP) is complicated by marked hepatotoxicity via inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. This study aims to explore the protective impact of azilsartan (AZIL), an antihypertensive drug, in addition to adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on CISP-induced hepatotoxicity. After characterization and labeling of AD-MSCs by PKH26 dye, 54 Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups: I (CONT), II (AZIL.H), III (CISP), IV (CISP + AZIL.L), V (CISP + AZIL.H), VI (CISP + AD-MSCs), VII (CISP + AZIL.L + AD-MSCs), VIII (CISP + AZIL.H + AD-MSCs), and IX (CISP + VITA C). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and albumin levels were determined. Assessment of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and glutathione contents, and superoxide dismutase activity and histopathological evaluations were done on hepatic tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to estimate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Cell homing of labeled AD-MSCs to the liver tissues was investigated. Hepatic expression of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins was investigated by western blot analysis. CISP elevated serum ALT and AST activities, reduced albumin level, and remarkably changed the hepatic architecture. It increased the expression TNF-α and IL-6 genes, raised the expression of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and diminished the Bcl-2 protein. By contrast, treatment of animals with either AZIL or AD-MSCs dramatically reduced the effects of CISP injection. Moreover, treatment with combination therapy (AZIL.L or H + AD-MSCs) considerably mitigated all previously mentioned alterations superior to AZIL or AD-MSCs alone, which might be attributed to the AZIL-enhanced homing ability of AD-MSCs into the injured liver tissue. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that AZIL improves the hepatoprotective potential of AD-MSCs against CISP-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and apoptotic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular modeling is the science of representing molecular structures numerically and simulating their behavior with the equations of quantum and classical physics. Coupling molecular modeling and simulation with chromatographic resolution for pharmaceutical products constitutes a new technique in pharmaceutical analysis. An innovative high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methodology was developed for the quantification of metformin hydrochloride (MET), empagliflozin (EMP), and canagliflozin (CAN) in bulk, laboratory‐developed combinations, pharmaceutical tablets, and in the presence of melamine. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using a Symmetry column with 0.03 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and 0.02 M heptane sulphonic acid: acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Molecular modeling using molecular operating environment software was applied to properly select the stationary phase suitable for the developed HPLC method. Additionally, molecular modeling estimates and validates binding between the studied analytes and the stationary phase to clarify and explain the chromatographic separation and elution order. In accordance with the International Conference of Harmonization recommendations, the method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The linearity ranges (μg/ml) were 200–1500 (MET), 2–15 (EMP), and 20–150 (CAN) and the limit of detection values were in the ranges of 0.17–54.58 μg/ml. Analysis of pharmaceutical tablets using the suggested approach yielded satisfactory outcomes. As a result, it might be used in quality control laboratories to analyze the aforementioned medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the development and validation of an accurate and highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method were performed for the estimation of nifedipine, bisoprolol and captopril in real human plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction using tert‐butyl methyl ether was efficiently applied for extraction of the analytes from plasma samples. The chromatographic separation was carried out using an isocratic elution mode on the X‐terra MS C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol–0.1% formic acid (95:5, v/v) for determination of nifedipine and bisoprolol and acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v) for determination of captopril with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Acceptable results regarding the different validation characteristics of the analytes were obtained in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for bioanalytical methods. The developed approach was linear over concentration ranges of 0.5–130.0, 50.0–4,500.0 and 0.3–30.0 ng/ml for nifedipine, captopril and bisoprolol, respectively. The method revealed a sufficient lower limit of quantification in the range of 0.3–50.0 ng/ml, as well as high recovery percentages, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. The proposed method was efficiently applied to a pharmacokinetic evaluation of a fixed‐dose combination of the analytes in healthy male volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Vitiligo is an immune‐mediated skin disorder that targets epidermal melanocytes leading to the appearance of depigmented skin patches. Different treatment modalities have been reported with varied efficacy. We tried to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intralesional methotrexate in treating localized areas of vitiligo. Methods: Thirty participants with localized patches of vitiligo were recruited. They were treated with intralesional injections of methotrexate every 2 weeks for a maximum of six sessions. At the end of the study, the degree of repigmentation was categorized into: excellent improvement (>75% repigmentation), good improvement (50%–75% repigmentation), fair improvement (25%–50% repigmentation) and poor improvement (<25% repigmentation). Results: We included 7 males (23.3%) and 23 females (76.7%). Their mean age was 33.6 ± 8.6 years. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 22 years. Four patients had a family history of vitiligo. At the end of the study, there was a highly statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) after treatment regarding repigmentation. Conclusions: This study showed that intralesional methotrexate is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with localized vitiligo lesions. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to evaluate the long‐term effects of treatment and detect the ideal dose to be injected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in addition to underlying critical illness can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that are often required to treat this patient population. While ampicillin is the preferred agent for the treatment of susceptible Enterococcus faecalis infections, there are no in vivo pharmacokinetic studies regarding ampicillin dosing in patients receiving ECMO. This case report consists of two patients on venovenous ECMO with E. faecalis bloodstream infections in which ampicillin serum concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one compartment open model. Ampicillin trough levels were 5.87 and 39.2 mg/L for patients A and B, respectively. Based on these results, ampicillin concentrations were found to be above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 100% of the dosing interval. The findings of this case report demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin can be obtained in patients on ECMO and therapeutic drug monitoring can be utilized to ensure adequate serum concentrations are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To prepare a set of statements for randomised clinical trials (RCT) integrity through an international multi‐stakeholder consensus. Methods: The consensus was developed via: multi‐country multidisciplinary stakeholder group composition and engagement; evidence synthesis of 55 systematic reviews concerning RCT integrity; anonymised two‐round modified Delphi survey with consensus threshold based on the average percentage of majority opinions; and, a final consensus development meeting. Prospective registrations: (https://osf.io/bhncy, https://osf.io/3ursn). Results: There were 30 stakeholders representing 15 countries from five continents including triallists, ethicists, methodologists, statisticians, consumer representatives, industry representatives, systematic reviewers, funding body panel members, regulatory experts, authors, journal editors, peer‐reviewers and advisors for resolving integrity concerns. Delphi survey response rate was 86.7% (26/30 stakeholders). There were 111 statements (73 stakeholder‐provided, 46 systematic review‐generated, 8 supported by both) in the initial long list, with eight additional statements provided during the consensus rounds. Through consensus the final set consolidated 81 statements (49 stakeholder‐provided, 41 systematic review‐generated, 9 supported by both). The entire RCT life cycle was covered by the set of statements including general aspects (n = 6), design and approval (n = 11), conduct and monitoring (n = 19), reporting of protocols and findings (n = 20), post‐publication concerns (n = 12), and future research and development (n = 13). Conclusion: Implementation of this multi‐stakeholder consensus statement is expected to enhance RCT integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the possible protective effect of diacerein (DIA) on gentamicin (GNT)‐induced parotid toxicity in rats. DIA was administered in the presence and absence of GNT. Thirty‐two Wistar adult male rats were randomly arranged into four groups: control, DIA (50 mg/kg/day), GNT (100 mg/kg) and GNT+DIA groups for 8 days. Parotid oxidative stress parameters, besides inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, were evaluated. Salivary flow rate, transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRCP1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in parotid tissue were measured. A parotid histopathological examination and an interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) immunohistochemical study were also performed. GNT significantly increased parotid oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic and CHOP biomarkers with decreased salivary flow rate and TRCP1 level. A histopathological picture of parotid damage and high IL‐1β immunoexpression were detected. DIA significantly normalized the distributed oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic indicators, CHOP and TRCP1, with a prompt improvement in the histopathological picture and a decrease in IL‐1β immunoexpression. These results reported that DIA protects against GNT‐induced parotid toxicity via modulation of TLR4/NF‐κB/IL‐1β and TRPC1/CHOP signalling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The atrial fibrillation better care (ABC) pathway is a simple, comprehensive framework that facilitates provision of integrated care for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Objective: We evaluated management of AF patients in a secondary prevention cohort using the ABC pathway and examined the impact of ABC adherence on clinical outcomes. Methods: The Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation registry is a prospective registry conducted in 44 sites across China between October 2014 and December 2018. The primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause mortality/any thromboembolism (TE), all‐cause death, any TE and major bleeding at 1 year. Results: Of the 6420 patients, 1588 (24.7%) had a prior stroke or transient ischemic attack and were identified as the secondary prevention cohort. After excluding 793 patients due to insufficient data, 358 (22.5%) were ABC compliant and 437 (27.5%) ABC noncompliant. ABC adherence was associated with a significantly lower risk of the composite outcome of all‐cause death/TE, odds ratio (OR) 0.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.71) and all‐cause death, OR 0.29 (95% CI: 0.09–0.90). Significant differences were not observed for TE, OR 0.27 (95% CI: 0.06–1.27) and major bleeding, OR 2.09 (95% CI: 0.55–7.97). Age and prior major bleeding were significant predictors of ABC noncompliance. Health‐related quality of life (QOL) was higher in the ABC compliant group versus the noncompliant group (EQ score 0.83 ± 0.17 vs. 0.78 ± 0.20; p =.004). Conclusion: ABC pathway adherence in secondary prevention AF patients was associated with a significantly lower risk of the composite outcome of all‐cause death/TE and all‐cause death, as well as better health‐related QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few longitudinal studies have measured contraceptive continuation past one year in sub‐Saharan Africa. We surveyed 674 women who had been randomized to receive the three‐month intramuscular contraceptive injectable (DMPA‐IM), levonorgestrel (LNG) implant, or copper intrauterine device (IUD) during the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial in South Africa and Zambia and were subsequently followed for two additional years to explore method continuation, reasons for discontinuation, and access to implant and IUD removal services. We also conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with 39 participants. We estimated cumulative discontinuation probabilities using Kaplan–Meier estimates and assessed factors associated with discontinuation using Cox‐proportional hazards models. The LNG implant continuation rate over the maximum 44‐month study period was 60 percent, while rates for the copper IUD and DMPA‐IM were 52 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Reasons for method discontinuation included side effects, particularly menstrual changes, and method stock‐outs. Most implant and IUD users who sought removal were able to access services; however, room for improvement exists. In this cohort originally randomized to receive a contraceptive method and attend regular study visits, implants and IUDs continued to be highly acceptable over an additional two years, but facilities should continue to ensure that insertions and removals are available as requested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) has become a research focus in recent decades because of its nutritional and functional properties. Its leaves, stems and roots are a valuable source of bioactive carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. These bioactive metabolites possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antiulcer and immunostimulant activities. Moreover, previous investigations proved that bioactivity varies qualitatively and quantitatively among sweet potato cultivars. So, the purpose of this review was to summarise the preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted on different varieties of sweet potatoes, aiming to find the gap between them. This may consequently help in recommending additional clinical investigations on sweet potatoes maximising their potential as a functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]