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In elderly women, hormonal changes lead to elevated body fat content, which results in elevated levels of vascular inflammatory factors, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with endothelial dysfunction. Regular physical exercises tend to keep these in check and are protective to the body. Aerobic exercise has been reported to improve CVD in obese elderly women; in this regard, aquatic exercises have been demonstrated to be more efficient in energy metabolism than land‐based exercise. This study aimed to examine the effect of aquatic walking exercises on the levels of inflammatory factors, nitric oxide (NO), and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in obese elderly women. We measured these in 26 obese elderly women who were randomly assigned to control (n = 12) and aquatic walking exercise (n = 14) groups. After subjecting them to aquatic walking exercises thrice a week for 12 weeks, we specifically found a significant reduction in IL‐6 levels and an increase in NO levels in these obese elderly women. This was paralleled with a reduction in the right baPWV (baPWV‐R). Together, these results indicate that aquatic walking exercises can help improve vascular inflammatory factors, NO levels, and arterial stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study "Gut permeability and its correlation with patient's traits and blood inflammatory markers in severe asthma: Real-world assessment from the Korean severe asthma registry-2 (KoSAR-2)" explores the relationship between gut permeability and severe asthma. The research found that patients with severe asthma exhibited increased gut permeability compared to non-asthma controls. Atopy was identified as the most significant patient trait influencing gut permeability in severe asthma, with elevated calprotectin levels associated with increased gut permeability in allergic severe asthma patients. The study suggests a potential bidirectional interaction between gut permeability and airway inflammation in severe asthma. [Extracted from the article]

Polar tip growth in plants occurs only in root hairs and pollen tubes. In particular, root hair growth is considered very important in the growth of plants, as it is critical for water and nutrient absorption. Polar tip growth is regulated by various factors, including plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) and cell wall modifications. We aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms on tip growth of a novel gene containing the domain of unknown function (DUF) 3511. We found that Protein Involved in Tip Elongation (PITE) is involved in root hair development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PITE protein was observed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of root hairs. Pite mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system showed a shorter root hair phenotype compared to the wild type. Through RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis, we found that the expression of genes that affect cell wall rigidity and GA metabolism‐related genes were differently regulated in pite mutants. PITE could interact with acyl transferase and haloacid dehalogenase‐like hydrolase (HAD9) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Our study suggests that PITEs containing the DUF3511 domain regulate root hair growth in rice by mediating the expression of genes that can regulate cell wall rigidity or cause changes in GA metabolism through interactors such as HAD9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement in sensor technologies, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising sustainable power source for intelligent electronics. Herein, fabricated a novel 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (core) and 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid (monomer)‐based hyperbranched polyester by facile single‐step polycondensation technique generation 2 (Si‐HBP‐G2). Further, a new class of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and different weight percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) of Si‐HBP‐G2 hybrid fiber blends are prepared by traditional electrospinning technique. The as‐prepared Si‐HBP‐G2 and its blends are well characterized using SEM/EDS, FTIR, NMR, and XRD studies. The influence of Si‐HBP‐G2 content on triboelectric performance in terms of the open circuit potential (VOC) and short circuit current (ISC) is evaluated using aluminum (Al) as a counter electrode. Among them, 15 wt% of Si‐HBP‐G2/PVDF hybrid fiber mat (PG2‐15) exhibits superior electrical performance. Which is almost increased 5.9 times (22–130 V) of VOC and 4.9 times (0.71–3.5 µA) of ISC than PVDF fiber mate. These results reveal the significance of Si‐HBP‐G2 in the triboelectric performance. The optimized TENG device (PG2‐15/Al‐TENG) exhibits a peak power density of 0.2 Wm−2 at 100 MΩ external load. Finally, the PG2‐15/Al‐TENG practically demonstrates real‐time application energy harvesting applications such as powering 100 LEDs and a stopwatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Ru ions in oxide media have been reported as a novel species that offer extremely low switching currents for memristors. However, their bi‐stable resistive‐switching (RS) and low‐switching currents dynamics have not been quantitatively unveiled. Here, the bi‐stable RS mechanism via in‐depth field‐induced atomic migration and chemical bonding state studies is elucidated, showing that the RS of the Ru‐based hybrid memristor (RHM) is possible via the simultaneously controlled hybrid Ru cation and oxygen anion. Additionally, the Ru ion mobility is quantitatively obtained via atomic moving distance and switching time measurements, demonstrating that the lower Ru ion mobility, compared to other conventional mobile species in oxide media, can be the origin of the low‐switching currents. It is found that the current conduction mechanism of the low‐resistance‐state in RHMs has temperature‐range‐dependencies. The direct tunneling conduction mechanism is dominant in relatively low temperatures; however, the ionic transport and thermally activated hopping conduction mechanism govern the current flow in high temperatures. Owing to the low Ru ion mobility, the RHM exhibits highly linear synaptic plasticity with a low‐conductance regime, showing outstanding energy efficiency compared to other memristors in image recognition tasks. These findings can contribute to improving the feasibility of hyper‐scale synaptic cores consisting of RHMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting offers an advancing approach to producing highly pure hydrogen and oxygen, motivated by the prevalence of a low‐carbon economy and the goal of a sustainable future. The customized modulation of electronic structures enables the electrocatalyst to directionally promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is a promising shortcut to overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, 3D homologous WSeS/CoSeS heterojunction nanoarrays (WSeS/CoSeS NAs) and W‐doped CoSeS nanoarrays (W‐CoSeS NAs) are investigated. Abundant heterointerfaces within WSeS/CoSeS NAs facilitate HER kinetics, boosting mass diffusivity, and increasing carrier separation and transfer process. High‐valence W6+ doping into CoSeS prevents phase separation and stabilizes Co sites by charge offset effect, leading to enhanced OER. Consequently, the WSeS/CoSeS NAs and W‐CoSeS NAs reach 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 43.8 and 233.3 mV in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, when asymmetrically engaged as an electrolyzer, this configuration exhibits extraordinary electrocatalytic performances (cell voltage of 1.51 V at 10 mA cm−2) with satisfying stability and mechanical robustness (over 1000 h at 1000 mA cm−2). The modulation and manufacture of reaction‐property‐oriented materials are experimentally and theoretically validated potential, illuminating the light of inspiration for multiple applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐performance self‐powered deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector based on the NiO/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunction is fabricated and analyzed. The NiO/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunction photodetectors are fabricated both with and without a post‐annealing process following NiO film deposition. Each photodetector structure is investigated through technology computer‐aided design simulations, including energy band diagram, trap density, and carrier concentration. The pristine self‐powered NiO/β‐Ga2O3 photodetector, lacking a post‐annealing process, exhibits partial Schottky contact formation between metal and NiO film, leading to performance degradation, including reduced responsivity, detectivity, and response time. On the other hand, the post‐annealed self‐powered NiO/β‐Ga2O3 photodetector demonstrates high performance such as a responsivity of 592.0 mA W−1, a detectivity of 4.30 × 1012 Jones, and response times of 30.93 ms and 72.32 ms, respectively. Therefore, the fabricated NiO/β‐Ga2O3 photodetector shows a promising potential for various applications requiring DUV detection without an external voltage bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the standard modalities used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effectiveness of TACE for treating patients with a solitary small (≤3 cm) HCC and well‐preserved liver function has not been definitively established. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic impact of TACE in patients with these characteristics. Methods: This multicenter (four university hospitals) retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of 250 patients with a solitary small (≤3 cm) HCC and Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) class A liver function diagnosed over 10 years. Posttreatment outcomes, including overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and adverse events, were assessed following TACE therapy. Results: One hundred and thirty‐eight of the 250 patients (55.2%) treated with TACE achieved complete remission (CR). Overall median OS was 77.7 months, and median OS was significantly longer in the CR group than in the non‐CR group (89.1 vs. 58.8 months, P = 0.001). Median RFS was 19.1 months in the CR group. Subgroup analysis identified hypertension, an elevated serum albumin level, and achieving CR as significant positive predictors of OS, whereas diabetes, hepatitis c virus infection, and tumor size (>2 cm) were poor prognostic factors of OS. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of TACE as a viable alternative for treating solitary small (≤3 cm) HCC in CTP class A patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic nanostructures, which exhibit notable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, are a promising approach for improving the efficiency of fiber‐shaped dye‐sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs) and flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (FOLEDs). Herein, novel plasmonic nanostructure is successfully synthesized via the self‐densification of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto a genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage template. The synthesized Au NP‐M13 bio‐nanostructure show extraordinary gap‐plasmon effects and significantly enhanced LSPR properties compared to randomly dispersed Au NPs for both solid‐state FDSSCs (SS‐FDSSCs) and FOLEDs. Briefly, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) increment of 40.7% is recorded for the Au metallic NPs‐anchored M13 bacteriophage (Au NPs‐M13) enhanced SS‐FDSSCs; whereas an external quantum efficiency (EQE) increment of 47.2% is achieved for the Au NPs‐M13 enhanced FOLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combating the recent surge of anti‐Asian racism requires a collective effort that includes the willingness of nontarget bystanders to intervene, but little is known about the circumstances under which they are willing to do so. The present qualitative study explores why non‐Asian bystanders decide to intervene when they witness anti‐Asian racism, and why, under other circumstances, they choose not to. Twenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with non‐Asian college students who witnessed anti‐Asian discrimination. Guided by the five‐stage sequential decision‐making framework of bystander intervention, we analyzed intervention as a series of stages: seeing the event, recognizing it as worthy of intervention, determining one's responsibility for acting, deciding how to act, and, finally, executing on that plan. The respondents recounted a diverse range of situations and factors in each stage that impacted why they intervened or not. Our findings suggest that the act of intervening increases the bystander's confidence and desire to intervene again in the future. Given the complexity of the bystander decision chain and the compressed timeframe in which it often occurs, we conclude that training on bystander antiracist intervention might benefit from being structured according to the multi‐stage model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes an automated system for assessing lung damage severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients using computed tomography (CT) images. These preprocessed CT images identify the extent of pulmonary parenchyma (PP) and ground‐glass opacity and pulmonary infiltrates (GGO‐PIs). Two types of images—saliency (Q) image and discrete cosine transform (DCT) energy image—were generated from these images. A final fused (FF) image combining Q and DCT of PP and GGO‐PI images was then obtained. Five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and five classic classification techniques, trained using FF and grayscale PP images, were tested. Our study is aimed at showing that a CNN model, with preprocessed images as input, has significant advantages over grayscale images. Previous work in this field primarily focused on grayscale images, which presented some limitations. This paper demonstrates how optimal results can be obtained by using the FF image rather than just the grayscale PP image. As a result, CNN models outperformed traditional artificial intelligence classification techniques. Of these, Vgg16Net performed best, delivering top‐tier classification results for COVID‐19 severity assessment, with a recall rate of 95.38%, precision of 96%, accuracy of 95.84%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.9585; in addition, the Vgg16Net delivers the lowest false negative (FN) results. The dataset, comprising 44 COVID‐19 patients, was split equally, with half used for training and half for testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonequilibrium microstructures produced by laser‐based additive manufacturing can enhance the mechanical properties of metallic alloys. However, the optimal post‐treatment conditions will change according to the initial microstructure induced by the manufacturing process employed. Therefore, this study investigates the optimal direct aging conditions for the post‐treatment of laser powder bed fusion‐processed 18Ni300 maraging steel by changing the aging temperature and time. The aging time required to achieve maximum tensile strength decreased as the aging temperature increased, and an increase in the aging temperature accelerated the evolution of nanoscale precipitates. The results indicate that the optimal direct aging conditions of 520 °C for 2 h achieved the largest tensile strength (≈2100 MPa) and precipitate area fraction. Notably, the reduced aging time at this temperature compared with that under conventional aging conditions (8 h at 460 °C or 490 °C) minimizes the thickening of the (Mo,Ti)‐rich segregation, which otherwise contributes to austenite reversion and strength reduction owing to overaging. Thus, the optimal direct aging conditions for additively manufactured maraging steel components are different from those for conventionally produced maraging steel components. This understanding of the microstructural changes induced by direct aging according to the initial non‐equilibrium state provides vital information for enhancing the performance of additively manufactured metallic alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the efficacy and safety of in-office transnasal oesophagoscopy and balloon dilatation for patients with high dysphagia due to non-malignant obstructive pathologies. The study found that the procedure is safe and effective, especially for patients with cricopharyngeal hypertrophy or upper oesophageal web. Patients with head and neck cancer showed varying responses to the procedure, with some requiring repeat dilatations. The study highlights the importance of considering the patient's anatomy and comorbidities when assessing swallow function. [Extracted from the article]

As part of the cellular stress response in plants, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in regulating the protein stability of stress‐related transcription factors. Previous study has indicated that CaSAP14 is functionally involved in enhancing pepper plant tolerance to dehydration stress by modulating the expression of downstream genes. However, the comprehensive regulatory mechanism underlying CaSAP14 remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified a RING‐type E3 ligase, CaFIRF1, which interacts with and ubiquitinates CaSAP14. Pepper plants with silenced CaFIRF1 exhibited a dehydration‐tolerant phenotype when subjected to dehydration stress, while overexpression of CaFIRF1 in pepper and Arabidopsis resulted in reduced dehydration tolerance. Co‐silencing of CaFIRF1 and CaSAP14 in pepper increased sensitivity to dehydration, suggesting that CaFIRF1 acts upstream of CaSAP14. A cell‐free degradation analysis demonstrated that silencing of CaFIRF1 led to decreased CaSAP14 protein degradation, implicating CaFIRF1 in the regulation of CaSAP14 protein via the 26S proteasomal degradation pathway. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which CaFIRF1 mediates the ubiquitin‐dependent proteasomal degradation of CaSAP14, thereby influencing the response of pepper plants to dehydration stress. Summary statement: We previously reported that pepper stress‐associated protein CaSAP14 functions as a positive modulator of dehydration response. Building on this in the present study, we identified the RING‐type E3 ligase CaFIRF1 as an interactor of CaSAP14, which plays a negative role in response to dehydration stress via regulation of CaSAP14 stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of 700‐nm‐thick heteroepitaxial α‐Ga2O3 thin films on c‐plane sapphire substrates for X‐ray detector applications. The crystal quality and optical bandgap of the heteroepitaxial α‐Ga2O3 thin films are comparable to those of high‐quality α‐Ga2O3 thin films. The α‐Ga2O3 thin film X‐ray detector with a metal–semiconductor–metal structure exhibits a charge neutral point shift, resulting in a short‐circuit current density of 9.07 nA cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of –1.2 V. The detector achieves the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio of 973 at 0 V, while the maximum sensitivity (14.7 μC Gyair−1 cm−2) occurs at 10 V. The proposed X‐ray detector demonstrates a reliable transient response and long‐term robustness, suggesting the promise of heteroepitaxial α‐Ga2O3 for low‐cost, high‐quality, large‐area X‐ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a significant threat to health globally. During searching for new chemical entities regulating MDR‐ and XDR‐Mtb, chemical investigation of the black oil beetle gut bacterium Micromonospora sp. GR10 led to the discovery of eight new members of arenicolides along with the identification of arenicolide A (Ar−A, 1), which was a previously reported macrolide with incomplete configuration. Genomic analysis of the bacterial strain GR10 revealed their putative biosynthetic pathway. Quantum mechanics‐based computation, chemical derivatizations, and bioinformatic analysis established the absolute stereochemistry of Ar−A and arenicolides D−K (Ar−D−K, 2–9) completely for the first time. Biological studies of 1–9 revealed their antimicrobial activity against MDR and XDR strains of Mtb. Ar−A had the most potent in vitro antimicrobial efficacy against MDR‐ and XDR‐Mtb. Mechanistically, Ar−A induced ATP depletion and destabilized Mtb cell wall, thereby inhibiting growth. Notably, Ar−A exerted a significant antimicrobial effect against Mtb in macrophages, was effective in the treatment of Mtb infections, and showed a synergistic effect with amikacin (AMK) in a mouse model of MDR‐Mtb lung infection. Collectively, our findings indicate Ar−A to be a promising drug lead for drug‐resistant tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite a brief decline during the COVID‐19 pandemic, vaping behaviors among adolescents continue to be an international public health concern because of associated health risks and harms. A thorough investigation of existing interventions preventing adolescent vaping is needed to help address this public health crisis and reduce serious and avoidable vaping‐related health risks. We reviewed the literature to identify public health interventions aimed at preventing adolescent vaping and summarized their key components and outcome measures. Design: We conducted a scoping review of the literature using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology searching in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Two reviewers screened 589 records for relevance. Studies from any location, reported in English, and described vaping prevention interventions targeting adolescents were included. Records were excluded if they were reported in other languages, published outside the review timeframe, lacked an evaluation, focused on cessation‐based interventions, or were review articles. Data extracted included intervention type, key components, and outcome measures. Results: Thirty‐eight included articles were identified and categorized into three intervention categories: school‐based, public education/risk communication campaigns, and public policies/government regulations. Key components of the interventions included format, duration, and topics. Formats varied from single to multi‐sessions. Prominent topics covered included risks and harms associated with vaping, and the most frequently reported outcome measures used were knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Conclusion: Our findings summarize existing public health interventions found in the literature and insights into approaches used to address the global adolescent vaping crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synapse‐based neuromorphic systems for deep neural network (DNN) require neuron read/update circuit blocks which specifications depend on the synapse components. In this study, we implemented and verified the dedicated circuit system to operate the three‐terminal analog synaptic memory cells, electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM), for multi‐bit analog neuromorphic computing. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the noise/offset generated by the neuron circuit systems and synapse cell arrays, which can affect the neuromorphic processing accuracy, by using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database (MNIST) dataset. The experiments with MNIST datasets were conducted in two ways: by performing ideal inference simulations with MATLAB and experiments with the neuromorphic system board. The results of the ideal inference simulation and experiment were 97.4% and 96.92%, respectively. The accuracy of 97.31% was measured when the weight of the hidden layer was set with the fixed resistance values to confirm the effectiveness of the synapse cells. According to the results, the effects of synapse cells and neuron circuits to the processing accuracy were 0.09% and 0.39%, respectively. Also, this MNIST experiments verified that about 10% or smaller variations of weight values in the synapse cells lead to negligible effects on processing accuracy through the training and inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is becoming increasingly popular. Accordingly, complications of the procedure are on the rise. However, the results of improperly performed SMP are exceedingly challenging to rectify and ultimately lead to severe mental stress and feelings of inferiority in patients. Aims: This retrospective study aimed to explore various aspects of unsatisfactory SMP outcomes and examine corrective measures available after the procedure. Materials and methods: A total of 120 patients who underwent corrective surgery or procedures due to unsatisfactory outcomes after SMP were enrolled in the study. Their photographs and medical charts were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Out of 120 participants, 76 were women and 43 men. In total, 107 patients (89.2%) had been treated at a tattooing or cosmetic facility at a beauty salon performing permanent makeup, 12 (10.0%) at another clinic, and one (0.8%) at an oriental medicine clinic. Of 120 patients, hair transplant surgery was performed on 74 patients (61.7%). Twenty‐five (20.8%) underwent both hair transplant surgery and complementary SMP. Sixteen (13.3%) patients received laser tattoo removal and underwent SMP anew. Five patients (4.2%) had a previous tattoo removed without additional treatment. Patients' subjective satisfaction scores averaged 4.5/5. The physician's objective satisfaction score was 4.6/5. Conclusion: In cases where SMP is inadequately performed, satisfactory results can be achieved through appropriate revisions, such as tattoo removal, repeated SMP, or hair transplant surgery to conceal the tattoo by highly experienced medical professionals. Level of evidence: IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between psychological attributes and obesogenic behaviors in children during the period of COVID‐19 pandemic‐induced stress. Methods: This observational study collected data from caregivers of 5‐ to 12‐year‐old children from three diverse groups assessing sociodemographic, economic, and perceived stress, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire, revised (FEAHQ‐R), in October 2020 and June 2021. The outcome measures were SDQ and FEAHQ‐R scores. The SDQ subscales were compared with US child norms. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between the SDQ subscales and FEAHQ‐R domains, adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. Results: A total of 361 families (496 children) completed the SDQ and FEAHQ‐R. The SDQ subscale scores were higher than those of age/gender norms (p = 0.006–<0.001). Eating style (p < 0.001) and food stimulus exposure scores (p = 0.005–0.01) were associated with the SDQ subscales, but not satiety response. Perceived stress was a significant covariate (p < 0.01). The baseline obesity status of the children was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Psychological stress is associated with higher hedonic behavior in children. Food stimulus exposure and leisure access can be targeted for intervention during periods of prolonged stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental contaminant perchlorate raises concern for hypothyroidism‐related brain disorders in children. This study investigated the effects of developmental perchlorate exposure on hippocampal neurogenesis and oligodendrocyte (OL) development. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were administered with ammonium perchlorate (AP) in drinking water at concentrations of 0 (control), 300, and 1000 ppm from gestation day 6 until weaning [postnatal day (PND) 21]. On PND 21, offspring displayed decreased serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations at 1000 ppm and thyroid follicular epithelial cell hyperplasia at ≥300 ppm (accompanying increased proliferation activity at 1000 ppm). Hippocampal neurogenesis indicated suppressed proliferation of neurogenic cells at ≥300 ppm, causing decreases in type‐1 neural stem cells (NSCs) and type‐2a neural progenitor cells. In addition, an increase of SST+ GABAergic interneurons and decreasing trend for ARC+ granule cells were observed at 1000 ppm. CNPase+ mature OLs were decreased in number in the dentate gyrus hilus at ≥300 ppm. At PND 77, thyroid changes had disappeared; however, the decrease of type‐1 NSCs and increase of SST+ interneurons persisted, CCK+ interneurons were increased, and white matter tissue area was decreased at 1000 ppm. Obtained results suggest an induction of hypothyroidism causing suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis (targeting early neurogenic processes and decreased synaptic plasticity of granule cells involving ameliorative interneuron responses) and suppressed OL maturation during the weaning period. In adulthood, suppression of neurogenesis continued, and white matter hypoplasia was evident. Observed brain changes were similar to those caused by developmental hypothyroidism, suggesting that AP‐induced developmental neurotoxicity was due to hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aims of this study were to confirm the non‐inferiority of tegoprazan to lansoprazole up to week 4 in patients with erosive esophagitis (EE) and to evaluate its effectiveness in rapid mucosal healing and symptom relief at week 2. Methods: In this multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, active‐comparator non‐inferiority trial, 218 patients with endoscopically confirmed EE (Los Angeles Classification Grades A–D) were randomly allocated to either the tegoprazan (50 mg) or lansoprazole (30 mg) group. The primary endpoint was the cumulative proportion of patients with healed EE up to week 4, as confirmed through endoscopy. The proportion of patients with healed EE at week 2 was also evaluated. Furthermore, CYP2C19 genotypes, symptoms, safety, and tolerability were assessed. Key Results: In the full‐analysis set, 103 and 109 participants in the tegoprazan and lansoprazole groups, respectively, were analyzed. The cumulative healing rates up to week 4 were 95.2% (98/103) and 86.2% (94/109) (difference [95% confidence interval], 8.91 [1.22–16.59]; p < 0.0001 for non‐inferiority and 0.0266 for superiority), while those at week 2 were 88.4% (91/103) and 82.6% (90/109) (5.78 [−3.66–15.22], p = 0.0005 for non‐inferiority) for tegoprazan and lansoprazole, respectively. Tegoprazan showed consistent healing rates regardless of CYP2C19 genotypes. Conclusions and Inferences: Tegoprazan was superior to lansoprazole in the treatment of EE up to 4 weeks. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings and clarify the superiority of tegoprazan, especially in the treatment of severe EE. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05267743 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. In this study, we explored how ethanol triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in Kupffer cells, i.e.hepatic resident macrophages, primarily focusing on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) using immortalized mouse Kupffer cells (ImKCs) and mouse primary KCs. The UPRmt is a cellular defense mechanism activated in response to the perturbation of mitochondrial proteostasis to maintain mitochondrial integrity and function by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases. We also determined whether nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, could mitigate ethanol‐triggered cellular damage. When ImKCs were exposed to 80 mm ethanol for 72 h, they displayed inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function with decreased mitochondrial content and deformed mitochondrial crista structure. NR, however, counteracted the effects of ethanol. Furthermore, ethanol increased mRNA and protein levels of UPRmt genes, such as mitochondrial chaperones and proteases, which were attenuated by NR. Notably, the ethanol‐induced shift in the entry of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), a putative transcriptional regulator of UPRmt, to the nucleus from the mitochondria was abolished by NR. The induction of UPRmt genes by ethanol was significantly repressed when Atf5 was knocked down, indicating the role of ATF5 in the induction of UPRmt genes in ImKCs exposed to ethanol. We also confirmed the induction of UPRmt gene expression in mouse and human livers exposed to alcohol. Our findings demonstrate the ability of NR to alleviate ethanol‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, partly by modulating the ATF5‐dependent UPRmt pathway in ImKCs, suggesting its potential for ALD therapy. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of add‐on dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) who had inadequate glycaemic control with metformin and linagliptin. Materials and Methods: A total of 235 patients with inadequate response to metformin (≥1000 mg/day) plus linagliptin (5 mg/day) were randomized to receive either dapagliflozin/linagliptin fixed‐dose combination (FDC [AJU‐A51]) 10/5 mg/day (n = 117) or linagliptin 5 mg plus placebo (n = 118) for 24 weeks. After the main treatment period, patients who received linagliptin plus placebo were treated with AJU‐A51 for an additional 28 weeks. Change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to Week 24 was the primary endpoint. Results: AJU‐A51 significantly reduced HbA1c levels (from 7.93% ± 0.82% to 7.11% ± 0.61%) compared with linagliptin plus placebo (from 7.80% ± 0.71% to 7.87% ± 0.94%), with a least squares mean difference of −0.88% (95% confidence interval −1.07 to −0.68; p < 0.0001) at 24 weeks. The AJU‐A51 group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c <7.0% at Week 24 than the control group (44.8% vs. 18.6%; p < 0.001). The AJU‐A51 group maintained glycaemic efficacy up to 52 weeks, whereas the control group showed a substantial reduction in HbA1c after switching to AJU‐A51 in the extension study period. Both groups had similar incidence of treatment‐emergent and serious adverse events, and no cases of symptomatic hypoglycaemia were reported. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin and linagliptin FDC (AJU‐A51) showed potent glucose‐lowering effects, with good tolerability, in patients with T2D who had poor glycaemic control on metformin and linagliptin (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT06329674]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs) attain a great attention for their advanced optoelectornic applications such as high‐resolusion biomedical sensors. In particular, all‐polymer PDs composed of electron‐donating and electron‐accepting polymers in their active layer offer the advantage of various donor and acceptor combinations for easily tunable absorption spectra and electronic properties, along with superior mechanical durability and stability. In this study, two A1–π–A2‐type polymer acceptors are developed for efficient NIR light detection at 860 nm. The electron‐accepting diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and dicyano‐substituted quinoxaline (Qx) units are linked through a dithiophene π‐bridge to generate the first polymer acceptor PD‐T‐Qx2CN. Subsequently, fluorine atoms are introduced at the para‐positions of the benzene rings at the 2,3‐positions of the Qx moiety, yielding the second acceptor, PD‐T‐FQx2CN. Notably, both polymer acceptors formed efficient bulk heterojunction networks with poly‐ polymer donor (3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT)). The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs, owing to the affirmative contributions of the F substituent along the backbone, exhibited superior specific detectivities compared to the P3HT:PD‐T‐Qx2CN‐based PDs. The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs exhibited excellent photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor properties. This research provides valuable insights into the structural‐property relationships of A1–π–A2‐type polymeric acceptors, aiding in the development of high‐performance all‐polymer NIR PDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene derivatives are predominantly used as an electron transport material (ETM) despite their disadvantages, such as parasitic absorption in the short wavelength range and high cost. State‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p PSCs are fabricated using SnO2 as the ETM due to their high charge transfer ability, transparency, and low cost. However, in p–i–n PSCs, dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles in a solvent that does not damage the perovskite and forming a uniform layer is challenging. Herein, a strategy of directly depositing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine (EDA) for high‐performance applications is reported, which involves a SnO2 QD solution designed with a damage‐free cosolvent. Treating the SnO2 QD layer with the EDA strategy creates a conformal SnO2 QD layer and improves charge transport. This strategy achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.9% in PSCs with a 1.77 eV bandgap, which is the highest PCE reported for wide bandgap p–i–n PSCs using an inorganic ETM. The top SnO2 layer enables ITO deposition without sputtering damage and achieves a bifacial factor of 99% due to the high transmittance of SnO2 QD. The resulting four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem exhibited a PCE of 27.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric characteristics of Bloch wavefunctions play crucial roles in the properties of electronic transport. Within the Boltzmann equation framework, we demonstrate that the thermoelectric performance of materials is significantly influenced by the Hilbert–Schmidt distance of Bloch wavefunctions. The connection between the distribution of quantum distance on the Fermi surface and the electronic transport scattering rate is established in the presence of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities. The general formulation is applied to isotropic quadratic band‐touching semimetals, where one can concentrate on the role of quantum geometric effects other than the Berry curvature. It is verified that the thermoelectric power factor can be succinctly expressed in terms of the maximum quantum distance, dmax. Specifically, when dmax reaches one, the power factor doubles compared to the case with trivial geometry (dmax = 0). These findings highlight the significance of quantum geometry in understanding and improving the performance of thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnO2 nanowires coated with conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) are applied as triboelectric energy harvesting materials. The tribopositive performance of the CMP shells is enhanced with the assistance of MnO2 nanowires (MnO2 NW), likely due to cationic charge transfer from the tribopositive CMP layers to the surface Mn2+ and Mn3+ species of MnO2 NW. This is supported by model studies. The MnO2@CMP‐2 with sub‐10 nm thick CMP layers shows promising triboelectric output voltages up to 576 V and a maximum power density of 1.31 mW cm−2. Spring‐assisted triboelectric nanogenerators fabricated with MnO2@CMP‐2/PVP‐3 films are used as power supplies to operate electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting energy density beyond the current status of Li‐ion batteries is actively sought after yet it remains very challenging. One promising pathway toward this goal is the development of defect‐free high‐voltage cathode materials via novel crystal engineered approaches. In response to this demand, the present study focuses on synthesizing LiCoPO4, which is a high‐voltage polyanionic compound, into nearly defect‐free structure and preferential orientation grown crystals via solvothermal method using ethylene glycol (EG) as surface energy control medium. Notably, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations elucidate the role of interfacial energy variations induced by EG molecule interaction with particular crystal facets of LiCoPO4 giving rise to the desired growth direction in comparison with hydrothermal method. In addition to solvent regulated crystal growth, Argon‐annealing alleviates the undesired charge transfer resistance on the crystal surface by eliminating EG residue and further reduces the anti‐site defect concentration, thereby engineering essentially highly ordered crystal structure. The novel LiCoPO4 crystals are shown to possess nearly theoretical full discharge capacity (163.0 mAh g−1 and 774.7 Wh kg−1 at C/10) and superior rate capability (151.6 mAh g−1 and 716.9 Wh kg−1 at 1 C), a truly unmatched functionality offering new high‐voltage cathode design possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Conclusion Support for gay rights has increased in the publics of many countries over recent decades, but the scholarship on the topic has been hindered by the limited available data on these trends in public opinion. The goal of the Support for Gay Rights (SGR) dataset is to overcome this problem.The SGR dataset is constructed by combining a comprehensive collection of survey data with a latent‐variable model to provide annual time‐series estimates of public support for gay rights across 118 countries and over as many as 51 years that are comparable across space and time.We show these data perform well in validation tests and demonstrate their potential by replicating the influential but recently questioned finding of Andersen and Fetner that more income inequality yields less tolerant and supportive attitudes toward gay people.We anticipate that the SGR data will become a crucial source for cross‐national, cross‐regional, and longitudinal research that improves our understanding of the sources and consequences of public support for gay rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with conventional lithium‐ion battery systems, anion‐intercalation in graphite cathodes opens avenues for the development of batteries with groundbreaking power density. This study explores the enhancement of dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) by gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) enhanced with surface‐charged nanoclays, focusing on overcoming traditional challenges such as electrolyte decomposition, anion‐solvent co‐intercalation, and interfacial instability at the graphite cathode. Three nanoclays including montmorillonite, kaolinite, and halloysite are compared by incorporating them into GPE and evaluating their effect on the electrochemical properties, ion conduction, and mechanical integrity of DIBs. Particular attention is paid to the halloysite because of its differential internal and external surface charges, which generate charge separation, facilitate optimal lithium‐ion transport, and mitigate undesirable anion‐solvent interactions. These results indicate that halloysite‐incorporated GPE (HS‐G) significantly improves DIB performance, as demonstrated by extended cycle life, robust capacity retention at fast charge/discharge rates of 20 C, and operational stability over a wide temperature range (0–60 °C). These improvements are attributed to the unique structural advantages of HS‐G, including effective charge separation, enhanced anion diffusion, and reduced solvent co‐intercalation, which provide an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach to advanced DIB applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have attracted considerable attention as an immediately exploitable cryptographic primitive for high‐level hardware security attributed to their potential for implementing a large parameter space through the incorporation of robust optical phenomena. However, previous optical PUFs primarily relied on linear and single‐channel optical processes, requiring an increase in the number of optical inputs (materials or wavelengths) in a monotonous manner to scale up challenge‐response pairs. Herein, an optical PUF capable of nonlinearly expanding the parameter space to enhance the cryptographic strength through the selective adjustment of up‐ and down‐conversion luminescence is introduced. The nonlinearity in the expansion of the parameter space originates from a random distribution of three types of microspheres, with their shells designed to exhibit various positional arrangements of upconversion nanoparticles and perovskite crystals. Because energy and photon interactions depend on their positional proximity and excitation power, adjusting the two excitation inputs into five power steps enables the single PUF to generate 30 unique cryptographic keys, which is 15 times greater than what a linear system can offer. The PUF also demonstrates high stability, maintaining its cryptographic performance when exposed to heat, moisture, and long‐term laser excitation, underscoring its practical applicability in security protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand for enhanced data transmission and network scalability requires connecting multi‐mode fibers (MMFs) to single‐mode fibers (SMFs). However, conventional fiber‐optic connector systems face challenges such as one‐way transmission, alignment issues, and bulkiness. In this study, an all‐dielectric metasurface (MS)‐based fiber‐coupling system engineered to facilitate alignment‐tolerant bidirectional optical interconnect at a communication wavelength of 1550 nm is proposed and demonstrated. The system features meticulously aligned fiber meta‐tips incorporating an MS integrated onto SMF and MMF facets. The MS collimates the divergent beam emitted from the fiber facet and focuses the collimated beam propagating through free space, enabling bidirectional transmission of optical signals between the SMF and MMF. The achieved performance includes a coupling efficiency of −5.6 dB, optimal radial and axial tolerances of 40 and 600 µm, respectively, an extinction ratio of 13.8 dB, and a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 24.3 dB at 10.3 Gb s−1. The proposed fiber meta‐tips highlight the potential of lab‐on‐fiber technology for optical communication, trapping, and biological sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high incidence of dry mouth in postmenopausal women, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions remain underexplored. Using ovariectomized (OVX) mouse models, here this study identifies ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent regulated cell death, as a central mechanism driving postmenopausal salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. In the OVX‐SGs, TGFβ signaling pathway is enhanced with the aberrant TGFβ2 expression in SG mesenchymal cells. Intriguingly, TGFβ2 treatment reduces iron‐storing ferritin levels, leading to lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic death in SG epithelial organoids (SGOs). Mechanistically, TGFβ2 promotes the autophagy‐mediated ferritin degradation, so‐called ferritinophagy. A notable overexpression of the type III TGFβ receptor (TβRIII) is found in the OVX‐SGs and TGFβ2‐treated SGOs, while the silencing of TβRIII mitigates the ferroptosis‐mediated deleterious effects of TGFβ2 on SGOs. Finally, administration of ferroptosis inhibitor, Liproxstatin‐1 (Lip‐1), improves saliva secretion in OVX mice. Present findings collectively suggest a link between TGFβ signaling, ferroptosis, and SG injury, offering new therapeutic avenues for postmenopausal xerostomia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) provide acetylcholine tone to the striatum and govern motor functions. Nicotine withdrawal elicits physical symptoms that dysregulate motor behavior. Here, the role of striatal ChIs in physical nicotine withdrawal is investigated. Mice under RNAi‐dependent genetic inhibition of striatal ChIs (ChIGI) by suppressing the sodium channel subunit NaV1.1, lessening action potential generation and activity‐dependent acetylcholine release is first generated. ChIGI markedly reduced the somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal without affecting other nicotine‐dependent or striatum‐associated behaviors. Multielectrode array (MEA) recording revealed that ChIGI reversed ex vivo nicotine‐induced alterations in the number of neural population spikes in the dorsal striatum. Notably, the drug repurposing strategy revealed that a clinically‐approved antimuscarinic drug, procyclidine, fully mimicked the therapeutic electrophysiological effects of ChIGI. Furthermore, both ChIGI and procyclidine prevented the nicotine withdrawal‐induced reduction in striatal dopamine release in vivo. Lastly, therapeutic intervention with procyclidine dose‐dependently diminished the physical signs of nicotine withdrawal. The data demonstrated that the striatal ChIs are a critical substrate of physical nicotine withdrawal and that muscarinic antagonism holds therapeutic potential against nicotine withdrawal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrete dimer or multimer acceptors have enhanced the stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their slow diffusion kinetics resulting from their large molecular sizes. However, development of multimer acceptors with chain length longer than trimers has been challenging, which often require multistep reactions with low synthetic yield. In this study, a new discrete tetramer acceptor (TetA) using one‐pot reaction and subsequent purification processes is developed. During the purification, dimer (DA) and trimer acceptor (TA) are also obtained. The OSCs for TetA demonstrate a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.14% than those for the discrete acceptors with shorter chain lengths, such as monomer acceptor (MA, 12.85%), DA (14.31%), and TA (15.10%). Additionally, despite having a similar number‐average molecular weight, TetA‐based OSCs exhibit a significantly higher PCE (16.14%) compared to OSCs based on a mixture of the acceptors (MixA) with dispersity (10.72%). Furthermore, the TetA‐based OSCs have the highest photostability and mechanical robustness among the series. For example, TetA‐based OSCs demonstrate superior photostability (t70% lifetime = 2180 h under 1‐sun illumination) and mechanical robustness (crack‐onset strain (COS) = 8%) compared to those based on MA (t70% = 220 h, and COS = 2%), or MixA (t70% = 745 h, and COS = 6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Marchantia polymorpha, occupying a basal position in the monophyletic assemblage of land plants, displays a notable expansion of plant U‐box (PUB) proteins compared with those in animals.We elucidated the roles of MpPUB9 in regulating salt stress tolerance in M. polymorpha. MpPUB9 expression was rapidly induced by high salinity and dehydration. MpPUB9 possessed an intact U‐box domain in the N‐terminus. MpPUB9‐Citrine localized to punctate structures and was peripherally associated with microsomal membranes. Phenotypic analyses demonstrate that the hyponastic and epinastic thallus growth phenotypes, which were induced by the overexpression and suppression of MpPUB9, may provoke salt stress‐resistant and ‐susceptible phenotypes, respectively.MpPUB9 was also found to directly interact with the exocyst protein MpEXO70.1, leading to its ubiquitination. Under high‐salinity conditions, though the stability of MpPUB9 was dramatically increased, MpEXO70.1 showed slightly faster turnover rates. Transcriptome analyses showed that salt treatment and the overexpression of MpPUB9 co‐upregulated the genes related to the modulation of H2O2 and cell wall organization.Overall, our results suggest that MpPUB9 plays a crucial role in the positive regulation of salt stress tolerance, resulting from its interaction with MpEXO70.1 and modulating turnover of the protein under high‐salt conditions via the coordination of UPS with autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) stand out for portable electronic devices owing to their ease of handling, abundant fuel availability, and high theoretical open circuit potential. However, the practical application of DFAFCs is hindered by the unsatisfactory performance of electrocatalysts for the sluggish anodic formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). Palladium (Pd) based nanomaterials have shown promise for FAOR due to their highly selective reaction mechanism, but maintaining high electrocatalytic durability remains challenging. In this study, a novel Pd‐based electrocatalyst (UiO‐Pd‐E) is reported with exceptional durability and activity for FAOR, which can be attributed to the Pd nanoparticles encapsulated within a carbon framework where concurrent chemical alloying of Pd and Zr occurs. Further, the UiO‐Pd‐E demonstrates noteworthy multifunctionality in various electrochemical reactions including electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in addition to the FAOR, highlighting its practical potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable field‐effect transistors (RFETs) are a cutting‐edge research area that can significantly impact future advancements in electronics and computing. While various RFETs with diverse functionalities are actively reported in recent studies, further research efforts are imperative to explore RFETs with broader capabilities. Herein, a photoinduced reconfigurable transistor (PIRT) that alters its transport characteristics is presented in response to visible light using titanium dioxide nanoparticles encapsulated by an amphiphilic polymer (TiAP)/indium–gallium–zinc‐oxide heterojunction. The photo‐generated electrons and holes resulting from the photoionization of oxygen vacancies within the TiAP layer facilitate reversible switching between binary transistor and synaptic transistor modes. Utilizing these features, reconfigurable logic gates that function as both a digital NOT gate and a synaptic comparator depending on light exposure are developed. Additionally, a PIRT‐based in‐memory computing array is developed to perform multiply–accumulate operations, thus highlighting its potential for efficient, high‐density computing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is a major mode of sub‐seasonal variability that regulates the summer climate in East Asia. This study investigates the four possible effects of two different time‐scale BSISOs on temperature and precipitation variations in South Korea. When active BSISO convection is positioned over the subtropical western Pacific, it induces anomalous anticyclonic circulation accompanied by subsidence, leading to significant positive temperature anomalies. Conversely, the anomalous cyclonic circulation near the Korean Peninsula, resulting from suppressed convection in the subtropical western Pacific, along with low‐level cold advection anomalies, contributes to a decrease in temperature. The spatial distribution of BSISO convection, which drives precipitation variation, shows a distinctive pattern of three meridionally narrow cells extending from the Philippines to the Korean Peninsula. Suppressed (enhanced) convection to the north of 20°N in the western North Pacific (WNP) promotes the northwestward expansion (eastward contraction) of the WNP Subtropical High in conjunction with a southwesterly (northeasterly) moisture flux anomaly. Furthermore, enhanced (reduced) moisture flux convergence and intensified ascending (descending) motion create favorable conditions for positive (negative) precipitation anomalies in South Korea. The combined effect of BSISOs not only amplifies the mean temperature and precipitation anomalies compared to individual modes but also increases the frequency of warmer, wetter, and drier events. Therefore, monitoring both BSISO modes together is crucial for comprehending and predicting the anomalous summer climate in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with high‐nickel (Ni) cathodes in high‐voltage lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), it is crucial to address the challenges of low oxidative stability and the formation of vulnerable interphases. In this study, isocyanate groups (−N═C═O) are incorporated to develop an SPE with a bi‐continuous structure, consisting of elastomeric and plastic crystal phases. This rationally designed SPE exhibits high ionic conductivity (0.9 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C), excellent elasticity (elongation at break of 330%), and enhanced oxidative stability (over 4.8 V vs. Li/Li⁺). A full cell, incorporating this SPE with a thin Li foil of 40 µm, and a high‐Ni LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode operating at 4.7 V vs. Li/Li⁺, demonstrates excellent cyclability, retaining 70% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles under a high C‐rate of 1C at 25 °C. The extended cycling of isocyanate‐containing SPE at 4.7 V vs. Li/Li⁺ is attributed to robust and compact inorganic‐rich interphases enabled by antioxidative −N−C═O components, as well as uniform Li deposition attributed to the bi‐continuous structured SPE. This study suggests that the isocyanate‐containing SPE system is a promising candidate for high‐voltage solid‐state LMBs by constructing stable interphases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]