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Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of intravenous busulfan (Bu) has been recommended for safe engraftment and decreased toxicity in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aims to compare HSCT‐related outcomes, such as acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in children with and without TDM for busulfan. Methods: This retrospective study conducted between February 2012 and February 2021 at our Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit included 172 patients (34% girls) with a median age of 4.70 years (IQR 2.41–10.01). Group A consisted of 46 patients whose Bu doses were adjusted according to actual body weight, and group B consisted of 126 patients whose Bu dose adjustments made according to TDM. Results: Totally, 32 patients (19%) developed moderate or severe SOS. The incidence of SOS was significantly higher in the group without TDM (29% vs. 15%, p =.041). A multivariable analysis showed that the presence of acute GvHD and one alkylating drug‐containing conditioning regimen compared with two or three were associated with SOS (p =.03 and p =.002, respectively). In patients with TDM, cumulative Bu dose and area under curve also were not associated with SOS. Other HSCT‐related outcomes such as acute or chronic GvHD, relapse and graft rejection rates, OS and EFS rates did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: TDM and making dose adjustments with Bayesian forecasting over four days of Bu therapy optimizes exposure and reduces the risk of SOS in children undergoing HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Childhood trauma ( CT) is more common in patients with psychosis than in general population and is found to be related to the severity of symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the severity of CT, and its relationship with clinical features in two different groups: first-episode schizophrenia ( FES) and ultra high risk for psychosis ( UHR) groups. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 83 patients with FES, 41 individuals with UHR and 69 healthy controls were included. Clinical features were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms ( SAPS). We evaluated CT with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( CTQ). UHR group was also assessed with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Results The emotional and physical abuse, physical and emotionalneglect subscale scores and CTQ total score of both the UHR group and FES group were higher than the control group. However, the CTQ total score and subscale scores did not differ between FES and UHR groups. UHR group had more Schneiderian symptoms in terms of both number and severity, and severity of sexual abuse was found to be correlated with SAPS scores especially for the 'commenting voices' item. The CTQ emotional abuse and neglect scores were correlated with the severity of depression. FES patients with higher CTQ scores obtained higher total scores on SAPS and higher total scores on Schneiderian items. Conclusion We found that CT is related to the severity of psychotic symptoms in both FES and UHR groups. Therefore, it is possible that interventions aimed at preventing CT in children would reduce the manifestation of psychosis among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]