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On March 1, 2003, the Turkish parliament rejected a government motion that would involve Turkey in the Iraq war and allow U. S. forces to use Turkish territory in an offensive against Iraq. This decision has been considered as a significant departure from traditional Western-oriented Turkish foreign policy. We investigate the reasons behind this rather unexpected foreign policy decision. Method To systematically examine the decision-making process and the outcome, we utilize the 'decision-units framework.' We present primary and secondary evidence from government and media sources and utilize interviews conducted with some of the high-level decisionmakers that were involved in decision making at the time. This article combines traditional methodological tools, such as elite interviews and process tracing, with novel approaches in foreign policy analysis studies. Results The nature of the decision-unit, decision-making rules, the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the AKP (Adalet and Kalkinma Partisi-Justice and Development Party) leadership, and the absence of a strong and decisive leader shaped the outcome. Conclusion The Turkish parliament's decision on its role in the Iraq war is an interesting and informative case for foreign policy studies. It challenges the conventional wisdom on parliamentary influence in foreign policy making in parliamentary regimes. Under certain circumstances-even when a single-party enjoys parliamentary majority-parliaments can be major players in foreign policy decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship between Iran and the U.S., examining the significance that Iran's nuclear program plays in the efforts of both countries to co-exist with each other. An overview of Iran's history is given, focusing on the period beginning in 1947, when Iran gained full sovereignty over its territory, until 2009. Factors that influence U.S. policy towards Iran include the geopolitical position of Iran vis-à-vis the Soviet Union during the Cold War and the oil and gas resources possessed by Iran. The nationalization of Iran's petroleum reserves in 1951 is also discussed.

The title compound, C12H12ClFN2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The whole mol­ecule is roughly planar, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.328 (3) Å for the terminal methyl C atom of the ethyl side chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H13ClN2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The configuration around the C=N bond is trans. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the aliphatic chain is 5.52 (9)°. Symmetry-related mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains along the b axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H12N3O5, adopts a keto-hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. The aromatic ring and aliphatic chain, which adopt a trans configuration about the C=N double bond, are nearly coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 7.56 (1)° between them. The mol­ecules pack via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which, together with intra­molecular N—H⋯O bonds, form an S(6) S(6)[ R22(13)] S(6) S(6) motif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H12N3O5, adopts a keto-hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular hydrogen bond. The aromatic ring and aliphatic chain, which adopt a trans configuration about the N—N bond, are nearly coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 18.30 (6)° between them. The mol­ecules pack via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which, together with an intra­molecular N—H⋯O bond, form an S(6) C(13) motif. The structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C14H15ClN2O4, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. The configuration around the N—N bond is trans. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the plane of the aliphatic chain attached to the hydrazone group is 10.5 (1)°. In the solid state, molecules exist as centrosymmetrically related C—H...O hydrogen-bonded R22(24) dimers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H12ClBrN2O3. The mol­ecules adopt a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form, stabilized by an intra­molecular hydrogen bond. The aromatic ring and aliphatic chain have a trans configuration about the N—N bond. The mol­ecules pack via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which, together with an intra­molecular N—H⋯O bond, form an S(6)[ R22(14)] S(6) motif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C14H17ClN2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The mol­ecule is roughly planar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C13H15ClN2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The configuration around the N—N bond is trans. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the plane of the C—C—C(=O)—C aliphatic chain is 6.07 (8)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C10H13NO, crystallizes with two independent but essentially identical mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The mol­ecules are linked by two N—H⋯O and two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains of edge-fused rings in which R33(10) and R88(33) rings alternate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H12Cl2N2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular hydrogen bond. The mol­ecule can be considered as consisting of two connected fragments, viz. a chloro­phenyl­hydrazone group, with a Z configuration, and an oxobutanoate group. The mol­ecule is roughly planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the plane including the aliphatic chain being 4.7 (2)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C13H15ClN2O3, adopts a keto–hydrazo tautomeric form stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The configuration around the N—N bond is trans. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the plane of the aliphatic chain is 3.18 (4)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]