Search

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies investigating the association between antibiotic exposure in infancy and risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Thirteen studies, including a total of 527 504 children, were included in the systematic review and 8 were included in meta‐analyses. Exposure to antibiotics in infancy was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of childhood overweight and obesity (OR 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02‐1.20). Whereas exposure to 1 treatment only and exposure between 6 and 24 months were not associated with increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity, exposure to >1 treatment was associated with an OR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.09‐1.43) and exposure within the first 6 months of life was associated with an OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.04‐1.37). In conclusion, antibiotic exposure in infancy was associated with a slightly increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity, mainly if children were exposed to repeated treatments or treatment within the first 6 months of life. It is unclear whether this association is mediated via direct effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Changes in fat mass depend on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, mechanisms regulated by the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3). Id3 knockout mice showed attenuated increases in BMI and visceral fat mass. We hypothesized that the ID3 missense variant (rs11574-A) would lead to an attenuated increase over time in fat mass, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in humans.Methods: The genotyped study populations included the Obesity Research Group - Genetics (ORGGEN) cohort, a cohort of men with obesity (N = 716) and of randomly selected men (N = 826) from the Danish draft register who were examined at mean ages of 20 and 46 years, and the Inter99 (N = 6,116) and Health2006 (N = 2,761) cohorts, two population-based samples of middle-aged people, followed up after 5 years.Results: In meta-analyses of all data, no association was found between rs11574-A and changes in BMI, WC, WHR, or fat mass. We found an association between rs11574-A and cross-sectional BMI (N = 10,359, β: -0.16 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.01, P = 0.033) and fat mass (N = 4,188, β: -0.52 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.01, P = 0.046).Conclusions: No consistent impact of the genetic variant on changes in fat mass, BMI, or fat distribution was found in three Danish cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]