659 results on 'Available in Library Collection'
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102. Four Atmospheric Circulation Regimes Over the North Pacific and Their Relationship to California Precipitation on Daily to Seasonal Timescales.
- Author
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Guirguis, Kristen, Gershunov, Alexander, DeFlorio, Michael J., Shulgina, Tamara, Delle Monache, Luca, Subramanian, Aneesh C., Corringham, Thomas W., and Ralph, F. Martin
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC circulation ,EL Nino ,SOUTHERN oscillation ,WEATHER ,ATMOSPHERIC rivers ,PRECIPITATION forecasting - Abstract
Precipitation in California is highly variable and not well forecasted on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) timescales. Understanding relationships between synoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation and hydrometeorological extremes could improve predictability. This work demonstrates the importance of four North Pacific circulation regimes (called the NP4 modes) in modulating precipitation, flooding, and water resources in California. Here we demonstrate how, on daily timescales, interactions between the NP4 modes drive coastal flow that can result in dry conditions from atmospheric ridging or wet conditions associated with enhanced onshore flow and atmospheric river (AR) landfalls. Seasonally, the prevalence of certain NP4 phase relationships can tip the scale toward wet or dry conditions. Relationships between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the NP4 are explored, and we provide insight into the poorly forecasted Western US seasonal precipitation during the "Godzilla" El Niño winter of 2016 by examining climate‐weather linkages in a historical context. Plain Language Summary: The amount of precipitation that falls over California in a given water year is highly variable, which presents challenges for water resource management. Skill of both dynamical and statistical models in forecasting precipitation is low at lead times beyond 2 weeks. Recent research has explored relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and precipitation extremes in the western United States, with the goal of improving predictability. This work demonstrates the importance of four North Pacific circulation regimes in modulating coastal flow patterns that ultimately determines the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation over California on daily and seasonal timescales. We show how the interaction between these modes on daily timescales drives wet and dry episodes within a season. Seasonally, we show how the daily variability occurs within certain constraints established by the larger, more slowly varying climate system, including (but not limited to) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. This work improves understanding of climate‐weather relationships, which has implications for predictability of hydrometeorological extremes over California and the western United States. Key Points: Coastal vapor transport and California precipitation are modulated by four North Pacific circulation regimes on daily to seasonal timescalesThe most damaging California floods have occurred when these modes were jointly aligned to reinforce onshore flowSeasonally, these modes are influenced by ENSO but much variability occurs within the constraints set by the larger‐scale climate system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. The Effect of Mineral Dissolution on the Effective Stress Law for Permeability in a Tight Sandstone.
- Author
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Ma, Jin, Querci, Lorenzo, Hattendorf, Bodo, Saar, Martin O., and Kong, Xiang‐Zhao
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PERMEABILITY ,CARBONATE minerals ,PORE fluids ,SANDSTONE ,TEST anxiety ,ROCK deformation - Abstract
We present flow‐through experiments to delineate the processes involved in permeability changes driven by effective stress variations and mineral cement dissolution in porous rocks. CO2‐enriched brine is injected continuously into a tight sandstone under in situ reservoir conditions for 455 hrs. Due to the dolomite cement dissolution, the bulk permeability of the sandstone specimen significantly increases, and two dissolution passages are identified near the fluid inlet by X‐ray CT imaging. Prereaction and postreaction examinations of the effective stress law for permeability suggest that after reaction, the bulk permeability is more sensitive to pore pressure changes and less sensitive to effective stress changes. These observations are corroborated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X‐ray CT observations. This study deepens our understanding of the effect of mineral dissolution on the effective stress law for permeability, with implications for characterizing subsurface mass and energy transport, particularly during fluid injection/production into/from geologic reservoirs. Plain Language Summary: The effective stress law for permeability describes the pore pressure‐effective stress‐permeability relationships and constitutes an essential law in poroelasticity theory. These relationships may change due to chemical fluid‐mineral reactions that modify the geometry of the fluid flow paths. In this work, we conduct laboratory experiments to investigate the evolution of the effective stress law for permeability in a tight sandstone specimen after acid stimulation. Two dissolution passages, formed due to carbonate mineral dissolution, are identified near the injection inlet by X‐ray CT imaging. These passages significantly increase the postreaction specimen permeability and lower the permeability sensitivity to effective stresses. The dissolution of carbonate minerals further exposes previously covered clay minerals to the pore fluid, resulting in a higher sensitivity of pore fluid pressure changes to the bulk permeability. These results are particularly important for geological operations involving fluid injection or production, such as Carbon Capture (Utilization) and Storage (CC(U)S), fluid production, and injection in geothermal systems, oil/gas production, and gas storage. Key Points: During dolomite dissolution, the specimen's bulk permeability is enhanced, due to the formation of two dissolution passagesPermeability is more sensitive to the pore pressure after dolomite dissolution, likely due to the increasing exposure of clay mineralsPermeability is less sensitive to the effective stress after reaction, due to high resistance to pore closure in the dissolution passages [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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104. Design and Synthesis of 56 Shape‐Diverse 3D Fragments.
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Downes, Thomas D., Jones, S. Paul, Klein, Hanna F., Wheldon, Mary C., Atobe, Masakazu, Bond, Paul S., Firth, James D., Chan, Ngai S., Waddelove, Laura, Hubbard, Roderick E., Blakemore, David C., De Fusco, Claudia, Roughley, Stephen D., Vidler, Lewis R., Whatton, Maria Ann, Woolford, Alison J.‐A., Wrigley, Gail L., and O'Brien, Peter
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MOMENTS of inertia ,PYRROLIDINE ,PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry - Abstract
Fragment‐based drug discovery is now widely adopted for lead generation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fragment screening collections are often predominantly populated with flat, 2D molecules. Herein, we describe a workflow for the design and synthesis of 56 3D disubstituted pyrrolidine and piperidine fragments that occupy under‐represented areas of fragment space (as demonstrated by a principal moments of inertia (PMI) analysis). A key, and unique, underpinning design feature of this fragment collection is that assessment of fragment shape and conformational diversity (by considering conformations up to 1.5 kcal mol−1 above the energy of the global minimum energy conformer) is carried out prior to synthesis and is also used to select targets for synthesis. The 3D fragments were designed to contain suitable synthetic handles for future fragment elaboration. Finally, by comparing our 3D fragments with six commercial libraries, it is clear that our collection has high three‐dimensionality and shape diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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105. Dedicated to a peptide chemist of few words and immense impact: Louis A. Carpino.
- Author
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Gierasch, Lila M., Albericio, Fernando, and Toniolo, Claudio
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CHEMISTS ,ORGANIC chemistry ,MOLECULAR structure - Published
- 2020
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106. Old English Literature : A Guide to Criticism with Selected Readings
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John D. Niles and John D. Niles
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- Criticism--History--20th century, English literature--Old English, ca. 450-1100--History and criticism--Theory, etc
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This review of the critical reception of Old English literature from 1900 to the present moves beyond a focus on individual literary texts so as to survey the different schools, methods, and assumptions that have shaped the discipline. Examines the notable works and authors from the period, including Beowulf, the Venerable Bede, heroic poems, and devotional literature Reinforces key perspectives with excerpts from ten critical studies Addresses questions of medieval literacy, textuality, and orality, as well as style, gender, genre, and theme Embraces the interdisciplinary nature of the field with reference to historical studies, religious studies, anthropology, art history, and more
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- 2016
107. Introducing Social Research Methods : Essentials for Getting the Edge
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Janet M. Ruane and Janet M. Ruane
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- Social sciences--Methodology
- Abstract
Introducing Social Research Methods: Essentials for Getting the Edge is a concise and student-friendly introduction to research methods that uses examples from around the world to illustrate the centrality of social science research in our everyday lives. Explains complex, multi-faceted concepts and methodologies in straightforward prose Designed for students who are new to or skeptical of social science research methods as useful tools for approaching real-world challenges Persuasively argues that social scientific proficiency unlocks an array of personal and professional opportunities beyond the realms of academia A supplementary website features a glossary, test bank, Power Point presentations, a comprehensive list of web resources, a guide to relevant TED lectures and much more
- Published
- 2016
108. A Feminist Companion to Shakespeare
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Dympna Callaghan and Dympna Callaghan
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- Women and literature--England--History--16th century, Feminism and literature--England--History--17th century, Feminism and literature--England--History--16th century, Sex role in literature, Women in literature, Women and literature--England--History--17th century
- Abstract
The question is not whether Shakespeare studies needs feminism, but whether feminism needs Shakespeare. This is the explicitly political approach taken in the dynamic and newly updated edition of A Feminist Companion to Shakespeare. Provides the definitive feminist statement on Shakespeare for the 21st century Updates address some of the newest theatrical andcreative engagements with Shakespeare, offering fresh insights into Shakespeare's plays and poems, and gender dynamics in early modern England Contributors come from across the feminist generations and from various stages in their careers to address what is new in the field in terms of historical and textual discovery Explores issues vital to feminist inquiry, including race, sexuality, the body, queer politics, social economies, religion, and capitalism In addition to highlighting changes, it draws attention to the strong continuities of scholarship in this field over the course of the history of feminist criticism of Shakespeare The previous edition was a recipient of a Choice Outstanding Academic Title award; this second edition maintains its coverage and range, and bringsthe scholarship right up to the present day
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- 2016
109. A Companion to First Ladies
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Katherine A.S. Sibley and Katherine A.S. Sibley
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- Presidents' spouses--United States--Biography
- Abstract
This volume explores more than two centuries of literature on the First Ladies, from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama, providing the first historiographical overview of these important women in U.S. history. Underlines the growing scholarly appreciation of the First Ladies and the evolution of the position since the 18th century Explores the impact of these women not only on White House responsibilities, but on elections, presidential policies, social causes, and in shaping their husbands'legacies Brings the First Ladies into crisp historiographical focus, assessing how these women and their contributions have been perceived both in popular literature and scholarly debate Provides concise biographical treatments for each First Lady
- Published
- 2016
110. A two‐tier bioinformatic pipeline to develop probes for target capture of nuclear loci with applications in Melastomataceae.
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Jantzen, Johanna R., Amarasinghe, Prabha, Folk, Ryan A., Reginato, Marcelo, Michelangeli, Fabian A., Soltis, Douglas E., Cellinese, Nico, and Soltis, Pamela S.
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MELASTOMATACEAE ,PIPELINES ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,SPECIES - Abstract
Premise: Putatively single‐copy nuclear (SCN) loci, which are identified using genomic resources of closely related species, are ideal for phylogenomic inference. However, suitable genomic resources are not available for many clades, including Melastomataceae. We introduce a versatile approach to identify SCN loci for clades with few genomic resources and use it to develop probes for target enrichment in the distantly related Memecylon and Tibouchina (Melastomataceae). Methods: We present a two‐tiered pipeline. First, we identified putatively SCN loci using MarkerMiner and transcriptomes from distantly related species in Melastomataceae. Published loci and genes of functional significance were then added (384 total loci). Second, using HybPiper, we retrieved 689 homologous template sequences for these loci using genome‐skimming data from within the focal clades. Results: We sequenced 193 loci common to Memecylon and Tibouchina. Probes designed from 56 template sequences successfully targeted sequences in both clades. Probes designed from genome‐skimming data within a focal clade were more successful than probes designed from other sources. Discussion: Our pipeline successfully identified and targeted SCN loci in Memecylon and Tibouchina, enabling phylogenomic studies in both clades and potentially across Melastomataceae. This pipeline could be easily applied to other clades with few genomic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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111. Preserving quantifiable ethnographic records of disappearing human lifeways.
- Author
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Kraft, Thomas S., Venkataraman, Vivek V., Endicott, Karen L., and Endicott, Kirk M.
- Abstract
The human evolutionary sciences place high value on quantitative data from traditional small‐scale societies that are rapidly modernizing. These data often stem from the sustained ethnographic work of anthropologists who are today nearing the end of their careers. Yet many quantitative ethnographic data are preserved only in summary formats that do not reflect the rich and variable ethnographic reality often described in unpublished field notes, nor the deep knowledge of their collectors. In raw disaggregated formats, such data have tremendous scientific value when used in conjunction with modern statistical techniques and as part of comparative analyses. Through a personal example of longitudinal research with Batek hunter‐gatherers that involved collaboration across generations of researchers, we argue that quantifiable ethnographic records, just like material artifacts, deserve high‐priority preservation efforts. We discuss the benefits, challenges, and possible avenues forward for digitizing, preserving, and archiving ethnographic data before it is too late. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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112. The Hotelling rule in non‐renewable resource economics: A reassessment.
- Author
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Ferreira da Cunha, Roberto and Missemer, Antoine
- Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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113. Efficient Pharmacokinetic Modeling Workflow With the MonolixSuite: A Case Study of Remifentanil.
- Author
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Traynard, Pauline, Ayral, Géraldine, Twarogowska, Monika, and Chauvin, Jonathan
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REMIFENTANIL ,WORKFLOW ,PARAMETER estimation ,DRUG development ,DATA modeling ,WORKFLOW software - Abstract
MonolixSuite is a software widely used for model‐based drug development. It contains interconnected applications for data visualization, noncompartmental analysis, nonlinear mixed effect modeling, and clinical trial simulations. Its main assets are ease of use via an interactive graphical interface, computation speed, and efficient parameter estimation even for complex models. This tutorial presents a step‐by‐step pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling workflow using MonolixSuite, including how to visualize the data, set up a population PK model, estimate parameters, and diagnose and improve the model incrementally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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114. The impact of job training on temporary worker performance: Field experimental evidence from insurance sales agents.
- Author
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Lyons, Elizabeth
- Subjects
TEMPORARY employees ,EMPLOYEE training ,INSURANCE agents ,TEMPORARY employment ,EVIDENCE - Abstract
Despite the limited incentives they provide for idiosyncratic investment, temporary work arrangements are becoming increasingly common. Using evidence from a field experiment conducted among salespeople in a Kenyan insurance firm, this paper examines the consequences of providing job training for temporary workers. The findings show that providing access to training significantly increases firm revenue, primarily due to performance increases among higher‐ability workers. The findings from the study are consistent with temporary workers willingness to invest in job training when the job‐specific returns from doing so are sufficiently high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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115. A synthetic peptide analog of in silico‐predicted immunogenic epitope unique to dengue virus serotype 2 NS1 antigen specifically binds immunoglobulin G antibodies raised in rabbits.
- Author
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Guevarra, Leonardo A., Boado, Kathleen Joyce O., Ceñidoza, Fidel Bryan B., Imbao, Ma. Rio Lauren M., Sia, Michelle Joy G., and Dalmacio, Leslie Michelle M.
- Subjects
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ,ARBOVIRUS diseases ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,DENGUE viruses ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,ANTIGENS ,RABBITS - Abstract
Development of a serotyping‐capable dengue detection test is hampered by the absence of an identified unique marker that can detect specific dengue virus (DENV) serotype. In the current commercially available antibody‐capture diagnostic methods, immobilized nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen indiscriminately binds and detects immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G against any serotype, thus limiting its capability to distinguish existing serotypes of dengue. Identification of dengue serotype is important because certain serotypes are associated with severe forms of dengue as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever. In this study, we aimed to identify an immunogenic epitope unique to DENV2 NS1 antigen and determine the binding specificity of its synthetic peptide mimotope to antibodies raised in animal models. Selection of a putative B‐cell epitope from the reported DENV2 NS1 antigen was done using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity prediction, Emini surface accessibility prediction, and Parker hydrophilicity prediction available at the immune epitope database and analysis resource. Uniqueness of the B‐cell epitope to DENV2 was analyzed by BLASTp. Immunogenicity of the synthetic peptide analog of the predicted immunogenic epitope was tested in rabbits. The binding specificity of the antibodies raised in animals and the synthetic peptide mimotope was tested by indirect ELISA. A synthetic peptide analog comprising the unique epitope of DENV2 located at the 170th–183rd position of DENV2 NS1 was found to be immunogenic in animal models. The antipeptide antibody produced in rabbits showed specific binding to the synthetic peptide mimotope of the predicted unique DENV2 NS1 immunogenic epitope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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116. Dream a Different Dream of Cultural Exchange.
- Author
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Conforti, Michael
- Abstract
Public art museums have survived as a sector over their 250 plus years by adapting their founding ideals to changing public attitudes and policies, civic and national priorities, economic realities and aesthetic philosophies. This paper focuses on how ownership is being challenged by tribal descendants and nation states, and suggests that future museum programs should embrace models of collection sharing with institutional partnerships developed around that ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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117. Rising expectations: Natural resources graduate student authorship of publications.
- Author
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Copenheaver, Carolyn A.
- Published
- 2020
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118. The return of the repressed. On Robert N. Bellah, Norman O. Brown, and religion in human evolution.
- Author
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Bortolini, Matteo
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL evolution -- Religious aspects ,PSYCHOANALYSIS - Abstract
As much as Robert Bellah's final work, Religion in Human Evolution, has been studied and dissected, no critic underlined the importance of psychoanalysis for its main argument and its theoretical framework. The paper shows the influence exerted by a controversial interpreter of Freud, Norman O. Brown, on Bellah's ideas, intellectual profile, and writing style in the late‐1960s and early 1970s. While in search for a new intellectual voice, Bellah was struck by Brown's work and began to make intensive use of his book, Love's Body, both in his teaching and in his research of the early 1970s, during his so‐called "symbolic realism" period. While Bellah abandoned Brown's ideas and style in the mid‐1970s, some of the basic intuitions he had during that period still survived as one of the major theoretical intuitions of Religion and Human Evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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119. From Toppling to Sliding: Progressive Evolution of the Moosfluh Landslide, Switzerland.
- Author
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Glueer, Franziska, Loew, Simon, Manconi, Andrea, and Aaron, Jordan
- Subjects
LANDSLIDES ,ROCK slopes ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,ROCKSLIDES ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of a dramatic rock slope acceleration that occurred in fall 2016 at the Moosfluh Landslide, located at the glacier tongue of the Great Aletsch Glacier (Switzerland). The acceleration that occurred in 2016 was unanticipated and exposed the valley bottom and an adjacent damned lake to high risk. This acceleration occurred in an active deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) controlled primarily by deep block‐flexural toppling. In 2013, a highly accurate displacement monitoring system was developed and installed in the surroundings of the Great Aletsch Glacier, including a time‐lapse camera, GNSS, and robotic total stations. This monitoring system provided unique data during the 2016 slope acceleration which are used in this study to assess failure mechanisms, landslide volumes, and subsurface displacement geometry. Based on a novel displacement vector analysis, we find that three retrogressive secondary rockslides developed during the first six weeks of the slope acceleration, with rupture surface depths of 30 to 40 m, and estimated volumes between 1 and 4 Mm3. These rockslides display complex deformation features, including head and lateral scarps, which developed during the slope acceleration. The kinematics of these secondary rockslides changed through time, from primarily toppling to combined toppling and sliding. Our results provide a uniquely detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of deformation features and movement kinematics that occur when several sectors of a slowly moving DSGSD transitions into rapid rockslides. Plain Language Summary: The slow moving (~30 cm per year) deep‐seated (up to 170‐m depth) landslide of Moosfluh experienced a substantial acceleration of slope movement in September 2016. A comprehensive monitoring system recorded that several compartments in the center of the Moosfluh Landslide suddenly started to move rapidly with velocities of up to several meters per week. This caused a strong modification of the slope surface morphology and structure which is documented in detail in this study. Based on monitored changes in the directions of slope movement over time, a new method was developed to interpret subsurface movement types and geometries. With this method we found that on top of the Moosfluh deep‐seated landslide several shallow (30–40 m) rockslides developed during the Moosfluh slope acceleration in 2016. We are able to assign depths and inclinations of the failure surfaces and failure mechanisms. In this case the deep‐seated landslide is formed by rotation (toppling) of steep rock columns, whereas the shallow secondary rockslides within the deep‐seated landslide show sliding movements along planar rupture planes and mixtures of both sliding and toppling. Key Points: The rapid formation of 3 secondary rockslides within a toppling mode DSGSD (Moosfluh, CH) is monitored with DIC from webcam images, aerial photogrammetry and total station monitoringThis transition corresponds to an acceleration of the landslide from a few dm/a to 50 m/a in the lowermost sectors of the instabilityA novel method developed to interpret total station reflector data revealed a change in landslide kinematics (toppling, sliding) through time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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120. Temporal and Spatial Scales of Correlation in Marine Phytoplankton Communities.
- Author
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Kuhn, A. M., Dutkiewicz, S., Jahn, O., Clayton, S., Rynearson, T. A., Mazloff, M. R., and Barton, A. D.
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MARINE phytoplankton ,ANTARCTIC Circumpolar Current ,OCEAN circulation ,OCEAN currents ,ECOSYSTEMS ,GULF Stream - Abstract
Ocean circulation shapes marine phytoplankton communities by setting environmental conditions and dispersing organisms. In addition, processes acting on the water column (e.g., heat fluxes and mixing) affect the community structure by modulating environmental variables that determine in situ growth and loss rates. Understanding the scales over which phytoplankton communities vary in time and space is key to elucidate the relative contributions of local processes and ocean circulation on phytoplankton distributions. Using a global ocean ecosystem model, we quantify temporal and spatial correlation scales for phytoplankton phenotypes with diverse functional traits and cell sizes. Through this analysis, we address these questions: (1) Over what timescales do perturbations in phytoplankton populations persist? and (2) over what distances are variations in phytoplankton populations synchronous? We find that correlation timescales are short in regions of strong currents, such as the Gulf Stream and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Conversely, in the subtropical gyres, phytoplankton population anomalies persist for relatively long periods. Spatial correlation length scales are elongated near ocean fronts and narrow boundary currents, reflecting flow paths and frontal patterns. In contrast, we find nearly isotropic spatial correlation fields where current speeds are small, or where mixing acts roughly equally in all directions. Phytoplankton timescales and length scales also vary coherently with phytoplankton body size. In addition to aiding understanding of phytoplankton population dynamics, our results provide global insights to guide the design of biological ocean observing networks and to better interpret data collected at long‐term monitoring stations. Plain Language Summary: Using a global model of the marine planktonic ecosystem, we quantify the temporal and spatial correlation scales of diverse types of phytoplankton. The timescales reflect the persistence of anomalies in time and the stability of the planktonic system. The spatial scales measure over what distances variations in phytoplankton populations are synchronous. We find that timescales and length scales vary with cell size and that global patterns of correlation are shaped by ocean currents. These results provide valuable insights for the design of ocean observing systems with a unique ecological perspective. We also discuss how regional differences in phytoplankton community correlation scales are relevant for interpreting data collected at long‐term monitoring stations. Key Points: Correlation timescales in phytoplankton communities are longer in the subtropical gyres and shorter in regions of strong circulationSpatial correlations in phytoplankton communities are strongly anisotropic along frontal zones and boundary currentsOcean currents shape global patterns of temporal and spatial correlation scales in phytoplankton communities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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121. Moored Observations of Transport in the Solomon Sea.
- Author
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Alberty, Marion, Sprintall, Janet, MacKinnon, Jennifer, Germineaud, Cyril, Cravatte, Sophie, and Ganachaud, Alexandre
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MOORING of ships ,TERRITORIAL waters ,MARITIME shipping ,DEEP-sea moorings - Abstract
The Solomon Sea is a marginal sea in the western Pacific warm pool that contains the South Pacific low latitude western boundary currents. These low latitude western boundary currents chiefly exit the Solomon Sea through three channels (Vitiaz Strait, St. George's Channel, and Solomon Strait) and serve as the primary source water for the Equatorial Undercurrent. Simulations have shown that transport partitioning between the straits determines the water mass structure of the Equatorial Undercurrent, but the relative contributions of transport through each strait have not been observed before. As part of the Southwest Pacific Ocean Circulation and Climate Experiment, an array of moorings was deployed simultaneously in the three outflow channels of the Solomon Sea from July 2012 until March 2014 to resolve transport and water properties in each strait. Above deep isopycnals (σ0 ≤ 27.5), Vitiaz and Solomon Straits account for 54.2% and 36.2% of the mean transport, respectively, with the remaining 9.6% exiting through St. George's Channel. The strongest subinertial transport variability is observed in Solomon Strait and dominates total Solomon Sea transport variability, and a significant fraction of this variability is at intraseasonal time scales. Finally, a previously unobserved deep current at 1,500‐m depth is found to enter the Solomon Sea through Solomon Strait, with a deployment‐mean transport of 4.6 Sv (Sv ≡106 m3/s). Key Points: Vitiaz and Solomon Straits are the primary pathways from the Solomon Sea to the Equatorial PacificVitiaz Strait transport is steady in time, and Solomon Strait dominates total transport variabilityA previously unobserved deep current is found entering the Solomon Sea through Solomon Strait [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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122. Proliferation of the problem of orphan works across the world.
- Author
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Ahmed, Bzhar Abdullah and Al‐Salihi, Kameran Hussein
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ORPHANS ,COPYRIGHT ,PUBLIC works - Abstract
The article examines the problem of orphan works in general. Orphan works are copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or impossible to identify and/or locate after a diligent search has been conducted. The article introduces the nature of the problem and how it emerged. There are various reasons for the creation of the problem of orphan works and the authors undertake a qualitative approach to a thorough investigation that reveals that orphan works have become a significant challenge. The authors also reveal the legal and technological factors behind the creation of the problem and suggest ways to prevent its recurrence in the future. It is understood that orphan works undermine the goal of copyright law because one of the objectives of providing authors with copyright protection is that the public should, in return, be able to access the protected work and take benefit from it; however, the problem of orphan works deprives the public of a means of accessing these works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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123. Interspecific variation, antioxidant and allelopathic activity of the essential oil from three Launaea species growing naturally in heterogeneous habitats in Egypt.
- Author
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Elshamy, Abdelsamed I., Abd‐ElGawad, Ahmed M., El‐Amier, Yasser A., El Gendy, Abd El‐Nasser G., and Al‐Rowaily, Saud L.
- Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils ,SPECIES ,HABITATS - Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from the aerial parts of three Launaea species collected from two different habitats were extracted [Launaea mucronata collected from coastal desert (LMC) and from inland desert (LMD), Launaea nudicaulis collected from coastal desert (LNC) and from inland desert (LND), Launaea spinosa (LS)]. The EOs were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and tested for antioxidant activity as well for allelopathic activity against purslane. A total of 117 compounds were identified from all samples, including 64 from LS, 50 from LMC, 39 from LMD, 24 from LNC, and 20 from LND, representing 100% of the total oil mass. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the major compounds of the EOs from LS, LMC, LMD, LNC, and LND, representing 62.73, 61.02, 58.35, 43.22, and 48.33%, respectively, whereas the monoterpene hydrocarbons were minor compounds in all samples. α‐Acorenol (31.42%), trans‐longipinocarveol (12.04%), and γ‐eudesmol (6.31%) represented the major compounds of the EO from LS, whereas hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and n‐heneicosane represented the major compounds from LMC, LMD, LNC, and LND. Correlations between the EOs of the five samples were studied via principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, based on the chemical composition of the EOs. There was a significant variation between Launaea species regarding both the quality and the quantity of EO composition, whereas no significant difference was observed based on the habitats (coastal and inland deserts). The EOs of the five Launaea samples exhibited meaningful antioxidant activities, as follows: LND > LNC > LMD > LMC > LS. Moreover, the EOs of the five Lanaea samples exhibited significant allelopathic activity against purslane weed in a concentration‐dependent manner. LMD and LMC showed the highest effect, with germination inhibition of 96.1 and 87.9% at 250 μL L−1, and radicle growth inhibition of 92.6 and 89.7%, but LS was the least effective extract. Our results showed that the variation in the quality and quantity of EO composition is mainly species specific, with a slight correlation with habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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124. Rapid and Quantitative Profiling of Substrate Specificity of ω‐Transaminases for Ketones.
- Author
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Han, Sang‐Woo and Shin, Jong‐Shik
- Subjects
KETONES ,ALDEHYDE dehydrogenase ,AMINE oxidase ,ASYMMETRIC synthesis ,AMINE synthesis ,NAD (Coenzyme) ,BENZYLAMINE - Abstract
ω‐Transaminases (ω‐TAs) have gained growing attention owing to their capability for asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines from ketones. Reliable high‐throughput activity assay of ω‐TAs is essential in carrying out extensive substrate profiling and establishing a robust screening platform. Here we report spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods enabling rapid quantitation of ω‐TA activities toward ketones in a 96‐well microplate format. The assay methods employ benzylamine, a reactive amino donor for ω‐TAs, as a cosubstrate and exploit aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as a reporter enzyme, leading to formation of benzaldehyde detectable by ALDH owing to concomitant NADH generation. Spectrophotometric substrate profiling of two wild‐type ω‐TAs of opposite stereoselectivity was carried out at 340 nm with 22 ketones, revealing subtle differences in substrate specificities that were consistent with docking simulation results obtained with cognate amines. Colorimetric readout for naked eye detection of the ω‐TA activity was also demonstrated by supplementing the assay mixture with color‐developing reagents whose color reaction could be quantified at 580 nm. The colorimetric assay was applied to substrate profiling of an engineered ω‐TA for 24 ketones, leading to rapid identification of reactive ketones. The ALDH‐based assay is expected to be promising for high‐throughput screening of enzyme collections and mutant libraries to fish out the best ω‐TA candidate as well as to tailor enzyme properties for efficient amination of a target ketone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. A DNA barcode library for 5,200 German flies and midges (Insecta: Diptera) and its implications for metabarcoding‐based biomonitoring.
- Author
-
Morinière, Jérôme, Balke, Michael, Doczkal, Dieter, Geiger, Matthias F., Hardulak, Laura A., Haszprunar, Gerhard, Hausmann, Axel, Hendrich, Lars, Regalado, Ledis, Rulik, Björn, Schmidt, Stefan, Wägele, Johann‐Wolfgang, and Hebert, Paul D. N.
- Subjects
DNA data banks ,INSECTS ,DIPTERA ,GENETIC barcoding ,FLIES ,BIOLOGICAL monitoring - Abstract
This study summarizes results of a DNA barcoding campaign on German Diptera, involving analysis of 45,040 specimens. The resultant DNA barcode library includes records for 2,453 named species comprising a total of 5,200 barcode index numbers (BINs), including 2,700 COI haplotype clusters without species‐level assignment, so called "dark taxa." Overall, 88 out of 117 families (75%) recorded from Germany were covered, representing more than 50% of the 9,544 known species of German Diptera. Until now, most of these families, especially the most diverse, have been taxonomically inaccessible. By contrast, within a few years this study provided an intermediate taxonomic system for half of the German Dipteran fauna, which will provide a useful foundation for subsequent detailed, integrative taxonomic studies. Using DNA extracts derived from bulk collections made by Malaise traps, we further demonstrate that species delineation using BINs and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) constitutes an effective method for biodiversity studies using DNA metabarcoding. As the reference libraries continue to grow, and gaps in the species catalogue are filled, BIN lists assembled by metabarcoding will provide greater taxonomic resolution. The present study has three main goals: (a) to provide a DNA barcode library for 5,200 BINs of Diptera; (b) to demonstrate, based on the example of bulk extractions from a Malaise trap experiment, that DNA barcode clusters, labelled with globally unique identifiers (such as OTUs and/or BINs), provide a pragmatic, accurate solution to the "taxonomic impediment"; and (c) to demonstrate that interim names based on BINs and OTUs obtained through metabarcoding provide an effective method for studies on species‐rich groups that are usually neglected in biodiversity research projects because of their unresolved taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Strain Enhanced Functionality in a Bottom-Up Approach Enabled 3D Super-Nanocomposites.
- Author
-
Aiping Chen, Harrell, Zach, Enriquez, Erik, Dowden, Paul, Chonglin Chen, Ping Lu, Leigang Li, Zhang, Bruce, Haiyan Wang, MacManus-Driscoll, Judith L., and Quanxi Jia
- Subjects
NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,COMPOSITE materials synthesis ,SUPERLATTICES ,MECHANICAL properties of condensed matter - Abstract
The ability to control nanoparticle size, concentration, and distribution in epitaxial nanocomposite films has been a formidable challenge in the synthesis of nanostructured composite materials. Here, a novel 3D supernanocomposite (3D-sNC) architecture is successfully demonstrated by integrating superlattice and vertically aligned nanocomposite structures. In the 3D-sNC architecture, the feature size and distribution of the nanocylinders such as the height/lateral dimension and the vertical/lateral spacing of nanocylinders can be precisely controlled. The microstructure parameters such as nanocylinder height and spacing modulated interfacial area control the lattice strain, which further tunes the magnetotransport property. These results demonstrate that 3D-sNC is a simple and yet effective architecture to achieve controlled functionalities via the precise control of nanocylinder size, spacing, concentration, and distribution. Such a 3D-sNC structure can be used to design advanced nanostructures with desired physical properties for a variety of material systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. Messages and Familiar Faces: Crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. Electoral Campaign.
- Author
-
Pompl, Solange and Gherghina, Sergiu
- Subjects
CROWD funding ,POLITICAL campaigns ,NEGATIVE campaigning ,ONLINE social networks ,BRITISH politics & government - Abstract
Copyright of Politics & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. Exploration of information organization in language archives.
- Author
-
Burke, Mary and Zavalina, Oksana
- Subjects
INFORMATION organization ,DATA libraries ,CONTENT analysis ,WEBSITES ,METADATA - Abstract
This submission reports preliminary results of the first stage of a research project that seeks to identify the information organization methods and techniques currently offered in the language data archives and the gaps between the tools and techniques available and the needs of actual and potential users of language data archives. We conducted an exploratory content analysis of the websites of the language archives (LAs) hosted by the institutions located in the United States and several other countries. The focus of our exploratory content analysis is on the information organization, including documentation on metadata standards, displaying of individual metadata records and availability of harvesting sets of metadata records, provision of advanced discovery and navigation options powered by metadata such as availability of adaptive and personalized search or social tagging functionality. Here, we report our preliminary findings and describe our plan for Stage 2 of the. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. CEO Turnover after Acquisitions: Are Bad Bidders Fired?
- Author
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LEHN, KENNETH M. and MENGXIN ZHAO
- Subjects
CHIEF executive officers ,FINANCIAL crises ,MERGERS & acquisitions ,DEFAULT (Finance) ,CORPORATE finance ,VALUATION of corporations ,BIDDERS ,LABOR turnover research ,TENDER offers ,EXECUTIVE succession - Abstract
We examine the relation between bidder returns and the probability of chief executive officer (CEO) turnover in acquiring firms. Using a sample of 714 acquisitions during 1990 to 1998, we find that 47% of CEOs of acquiring firms are replaced within 5 years, including 27% by internal governance, 16% by takeovers, and 4% by bankruptcy. A significant inverse relation exists between bidder returns and the likelihood of CEO turnover. This relation is not associated with governance structure. It also is not significantly different in stock versus cash acquisitions, which appears to be inconsistent with Shleifer and Vishny's theory of "stock market driven" acquisitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
130. Essential Clinical Global Health
- Author
-
Brett D. Nelson and Brett D. Nelson
- Subjects
- Evidence-based medicine, Clinical medicine, World health
- Abstract
Essential Clinical Global Health is a brand-new, pioneering, and evidence-based textbook that provides a clinical overview of the increasingly prominent specialty of global health. Originally developed from a course at Harvard Medical School, and now with contributions from nearly 100 world-renowned global health experts from across the globe, this textbook presents vital information required of students, trainees, and clinicians during their international experiences and training. Essential Clinical Global Health introduces readers to the up-to-date knowledge, skills, and approaches needed for productive and rewarding global health experiences. It provides essential clinical information on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The textbook also includes practical guidance on topics such as health systems, population-based approaches, cultural awareness and sensitivity, travel preparedness and safety, and career development in global health. With key learning objectives in each chapter, practical clinical advice, setting-appropriate guidelines, personal field experiences from student and clinician contributors, Essential Clinical Global Health is the first global health textbook with a clinical focus for healthcare students, trainees, and providers.A companion website at www.wileyessential.com/globalhealth features self-assessment questions and videos.
- Published
- 2015
131. Fungal Biomolecules : Sources, Applications and Recent Developments
- Author
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Vijai Kumar Gupta, Robert L. Mach, S. Sreenivasaprasad, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Robert L. Mach, and S. Sreenivasaprasad
- Subjects
- Aspergillus--Research, Biofilms, Fungal enzymes--Research
- Abstract
Fungi have an integral role to play in the development of the biotechnology and biomedical sectors. The fields of chemical engineering, Agri-food,Biochemical, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medical device development allemploy fungal products, with fungal biomolecules currently used in a wide range of applications, ranging from drug development to food technology and agricultural biotechnology. Understanding the biology of different fungi in diverse ecosystems, as well as their biotropic interactions with other microorganisms, animals and plants, is essential to underpin effective and innovative technological developments.Fungal Biomolecules is a keystone reference, integrating branches of fungal product research into a comprehensive volume of interdisciplinary research. As such, it:reflects state-of-the-art research and current emerging issues in fungal biology and biotechnology reviews the methods and experimental work used to investigate different aspects of fungal biomolecules provides examples of the diverse applications of fungal biomolecules in the areas of food, health and the environmentis edited by an experienced team, with contributions from international specialists This book is an invaluable resource for industry-based researchers, academic institutions and professionalsworking in the area of fungal biology and associated biomolecules for their applications in food technology, microbial and biochemical process, biotechnology, natural products, drug development and agriculture.
- Published
- 2015
132. Why Do Audits Fail? Evidence from Lincoln Savings and Loan.
- Author
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Erickson, Merle, Mayhew, Brian W., and Felix Jr., William L.
- Subjects
SAVINGS & loan association failures ,AUDITING procedures ,AUDITING policies ,TRANSACTION costs ,BUSINESS failures ,MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTING - Abstract
The article describes and critiques the audit procedures applied to a set of material transactions from the Lincoln Savings and Loan (LSL) audit failure. The authors of this article propose alternative procedures, based on information available to the auditors at the time of the audit. The article presents a detailed analysis of LSL suggests potential reasons for audit failures, particularly in cases involving management fraud. The main conclusion of their analysis is that the most significant shortcoming in the LSL audit was the auditor's failure to obtain and use knowledge of LSL's business, the industry in which it operated, and the economic forces that influenced this industry/business.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. Quantitative Sensory Analysis : Psychophysics, Models and Intelligent Design
- Author
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Harry T. Lawless and Harry T. Lawless
- Subjects
- Food--Sensory evaluation, Analytical chemistry--Quantitative
- Abstract
Sensory evaluation is a scientific discipline used to evoke, measure, analyse and interpret responses to products perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing. It is used to reveal insights into the way in which sensory properties drive consumer acceptance and behaviour, and to design products that best deliver what the consumer wants. It is also used at a more fundamental level to provide a wider understanding of the mechanisms involved in sensory perception and consumer behaviour. Quantitative Sensory Analysis is an in-depth and unique treatment of the quantitative basis of sensory testing, enabling scientists in the food, cosmetics and personal care product industries to gain objective insights into consumer preference data – vital for informed new product development. Written by a globally-recognised learer in the field, this book is suitable for industrial sensory evaluation practitioners, sensory scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in sensory evaluation and sensometricians.
- Published
- 2014
134. Nursing Practice : Knowledge and Care
- Author
-
Ian Peate, Karen Wild, Muralitharan Nair, Ian Peate, Karen Wild, and Muralitharan Nair
- Subjects
- Nursing
- Abstract
Nursing Practice is the essential, textbook to support you throughout your entire nursing degree, from your first year onwards. It explores all the clinical and professional issues that you need to know in one complete volume. Written in the context of the latest Nursing and Midwifery Council Standards for Pre-Registration Nursing Education and the Essential Skills Clusters, this book covers all fields of nursing: Adult, Child, Mental Health, Learning Disabilities and also Maternity care, in both acute and community settings. With full colour illustrations, and plenty of activities and user-friendly features throughout, this evidence-based text encompasses essential nursing theory and practice, providing students with information to support their success. Learning features in the book include: Hear it from the experts- tips and advice from real life nurses, patients and their carers, and student nurses Red Flags- alerting the student to potential dangers Primary Care Considerations- informs students about care issues in the community setting Fields boxes- giving further insight into other fields of nursing, making the book relevant to all fields of nursing practice Medicines Management boxes provide key information about medicines Self-assessment and activities throughout A companion website to this title is available at www.wileynursingpractice.com Here you'll find a range of resources for both the student and the lecturer, including: Over 350 interactive multiple choice questions Flashcards Glossary Links to references and further reading Illustrations from the book Worksheets
- Published
- 2014
135. A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover
- Author
-
Katherine A.S. Sibley and Katherine A.S. Sibley
- Subjects
- Depressions--1929
- Abstract
With the analysis of the best scholars on this era, 29 essays demonstrate how academics then and now have addressed the political, economic, diplomatic, cultural, ethnic, and social history of the presidents of the Republican Era of 1921-1933 - Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. This is the first historiographical treatment of a long-neglected period, ranging from early treatments to the most recent scholarship Features review essays on the era, including the legacy of progressivism in an age of “normalcy”, the history of American foreign relations after World War I, and race relations in the 1920s, as well as coverage of the three presidential elections and a thorough treatment of the causes and consequences of the Great Depression An introduction by the editor provides an overview of the issues, background and historical problems of the time, and the personalities at play
- Published
- 2014
136. A Companion to Foucault
- Author
-
Christopher Falzon, Timothy O'Leary, Jana Sawicki, Christopher Falzon, Timothy O'Leary, and Jana Sawicki
- Abstract
A Companion to Foucault comprises a collection of essays from established and emerging scholars that represent the most extensive treatment of French philosopher Michel Foucault's works currently available. Comprises a comprehensive collection of authors and topics, with both established and emerging scholars represented Includes chapters that survey Foucault's major works and others that approach his work from a range of thematic angles Engages extensively with Foucault's recently published lecture courses from the Collège de France Contains the first translation of the extensive ‘Chronology'of Foucault's life and works written by Foucault's life-partner Daniel Defert Includes a bibliography of Foucault's shorter works in English, cross-referenced to the standard French edition Dits et Ecrits
- Published
- 2013
137. A Companion to American Legal History
- Author
-
Sally E. Hadden, Alfred L. Brophy, Sally E. Hadden, and Alfred L. Brophy
- Subjects
- Law--United States--History
- Abstract
A Companion to American Legal History presents a compilation of the most recent writings from leading scholars on American legal history from the colonial era through the late twentieth century. Presents up-to-date research describing the key debates in American legal history Reflects the current state of American legal history research and points readers in the direction of future research Represents an ideal companion for graduate and law students seeking an introduction to the field, the key questions, and future research ideas
- Published
- 2013
138. Deep Learning in Image Cytometry: A Review.
- Author
-
Gupta, Anindya, Harrison, Philip J., Wieslander, Håkan, Pielawski, Nicolas, Kartasalo, Kimmo, Partel, Gabriele, Solorzano, Leslie, Suveer, Amit, Klemm, Anna H., Spjuth, Ola, Sintorn, Ida‐Maria, and Wählby, Carolina
- Abstract
Artificial intelligence, deep convolutional neural networks, and deep learning are all niche terms that are increasingly appearing in scientific presentations as well as in the general media. In this review, we focus on deep learning and how it is applied to microscopy image data of cells and tissue samples. Starting with an analogy to neuroscience, we aim to give the reader an overview of the key concepts of neural networks, and an understanding of how deep learning differs from more classical approaches for extracting information from image data. We aim to increase the understanding of these methods, while highlighting considerations regarding input data requirements, computational resources, challenges, and limitations. We do not provide a full manual for applying these methods to your own data, but rather review previously published articles on deep learning in image cytometry, and guide the readers toward further reading on specific networks and methods, including new methods not yet applied to cytometry data. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
139. Emerging opportunities and challenges for passive acoustics in ecological assessment and monitoring.
- Author
-
Gibb, Rory, Browning, Ella, Glover‐Kapfer, Paul, Jones, Kate E., and Börger, Luca
- Subjects
ACOUSTICS ,ACOUSTIC transducers ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,BIODIVERSITY ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
High‐throughput environmental sensing technologies are increasingly central to global monitoring of the ecological impacts of human activities. In particular, the recent boom in passive acoustic sensors has provided efficient, noninvasive, and taxonomically broad means to study wildlife populations and communities, and monitor their responses to environmental change. However, until recently, technological costs and constraints have largely confined research in passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) to a handful of taxonomic groups (e.g., bats, cetaceans, birds), often in relatively small‐scale, proof‐of‐concept studies.The arrival of low‐cost, open‐source sensors is now rapidly expanding access to PAM technologies, making it vital to evaluate where these tools can contribute to broader efforts in ecology and biodiversity research. Here, we synthesise and critically assess the current emerging opportunities and challenges for PAM for ecological assessment and monitoring of both species populations and communities.We show that terrestrial and marine PAM applications are advancing rapidly, facilitated by emerging sensor hardware, the application of machine learning innovations to automated wildlife call identification, and work towards developing acoustic biodiversity indicators. However, the broader scope of PAM research remains constrained by limited availability of reference sound libraries and open‐source audio processing tools, especially for the tropics, and lack of clarity around the accuracy, transferability and limitations of many analytical methods.In order to improve possibilities for PAM globally, we emphasise the need for collaborative work to develop standardised survey and analysis protocols, publicly archived sound libraries, multiyear audio datasets, and a more robust theoretical and analytical framework for monitoring vocalising animal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Chemical Intervention on Staphylococcus aureus Virulence.
- Author
-
Zhou, Lin‐Lin and Yang, Cai‐Guang
- Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,ANTIBIOTICS ,METHICILLIN resistance ,BACTERIAL diseases ,BIOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
Resistance to conventional antibiotics has raised worldwide attention. Notably, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most life‐threatening health concerns. Although effective against bacterial infections, conventional antibiotics have also showed a series of side effects such as gut microbiota imbalance. An alternative is in urgent need in order to combat bacterial infections. Antivirulence represents a new approach to circumvent these shortcomings, which focuses on disarming the "weapons" for pathogenicity without much selective pressure on bacterial survival. In this review, we place emphasis on the chemical modulation of biosynthesis, assembly, function and the regulation of some major virulence factors in S. aureus, which we hope will help the development of antivirulence modulators. Virulence factors of S. aureus become a new approach to combat bacterial infections and circumvent the shortcomings of conventional antibiotics. In this review, we place emphasis on the chemical modulation of some major virulence factors in S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Oral health and access to dental care among older homeless adults: results from the HOPE HOME study.
- Author
-
Freitas, Daniel J., Kaplan, Lauren M., Tieu, Lina, Ponath, Claudia, Guzman, David, and Kushel, Margot
- Subjects
OLDER people ,HOMELESS persons ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HOMEWORK ,DENTAL care ,ORAL hygiene ,RESEARCH funding ,TOOTH loss ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Objectives: To describe the prevalence of and factors associated with oral health measures in a sample of older homeless adults in Oakland, CA.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from a population-based study of 350 homeless adults aged ≥50 in which trained researchers conducted structured interviews using validated questions regarding sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, healthcare utilization, and health status. We assessed self-reported tooth loss, oral pain, and unmet need for dental care. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with missing half or more teeth.Results: Over half 201/350 (57.4 percent) of participants were missing at least half of their teeth. Half 191/350 (54.6 percent) reported oral pain in the past 6 months; 101/350 (28.9 percent) reported that oral pain prevented them from eating and 73/350 (20.9 percent) reported that pain prevented sleeping. Almost half, 141/350 (40.3 percent), had not seen a dentist in over 5 years, and over half 190/350 (54.3 percent) reported being unable to obtain needed dental care. In multivariate models, increased age (AOR = 1.09, 95 percent CI 1.04-1.14), moderate-to-high risk alcohol use (AOR = 2.17, CI = 1.23-3.84), moderate-to-high risk cocaine use (AOR = 1.72, CI = 1.03-2.88), and ever smoking (AOR = 2.87, CI = 1.59-5.18) were associated with an increased odds of having lost half or more teeth.Conclusions: Tooth loss and oral pain are highly prevalent in older homeless adults. Increasing age, alcohol, drug, and tobacco use are associated with tooth loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. Southern California Coastal Response to the 2015–2016 El Niño.
- Author
-
Young, Adam P., Flick, Reinhard E., Gallien, Timu W., Giddings, Sarah N., Guza, R. T., Harvey, M., Lenain, Luc, Ludka, B. C., Melville, W. Kendall, and O'Reilly, W. C.
- Subjects
EL Nino ,SEDIMENT transport ,LIDAR - Abstract
Widespread erosion associated with energetic waves of the strong 2015–2016 El Niño on the U.S. West Coast has been reported widely. However, Southern California was often sheltered from the northerly approach direction of the offshore waves. The few large swells that reached Southern California were not synchronous with the highest tides. Although west coast‐wide tidal anomalies were relatively large in 2015–2016, in Southern California, total water levels (sum of tides, anomalies, and wave superelevation) were lower than during the 1997–1998 Niño, and comparable to the 2009–2010 Niño. Airborne lidar surveys spanning 300 km of Southern California coast show the beach response varied from considerable erosion to accretion. On average, the shoreline moved landward 10 m, similar to the 2009–2010 El Niño. Some San Diego county beaches were narrower in the 1997–1998 El Niño than in 2015–2016, consistent with the higher erosion potential in 1997–1998. Beach retreat exceeded 80 m at a few locations. However, 27% of the shoreline accreted, often in pocket beaches, or near jetties. While adjacent beaches eroded, estuary mouths accreted slightly, and several estuaries remained or became closed during the study period. Only 12% of cliffs eroded (mostly at the base), and the average cliff face retreat was markedly less than historical values. Only two cliff‐top areas retreated significantly. Although some areas experienced significant change, the potential for coastal erosion and damage in Southern California was reduced compared to the 1997–1998 El Niño, because of low rainfall, a northerly swell approach, and relatively limited total high‐water levels. Key Points: Southern California beach response to the 2015–2016 El Niño varied widely, from considerable erosion to accretionSome coastal erosion and damage were limited by the timing of high tides and large waves, northerly swell direction, and low rainfallEstuary mouths on average accreted, while their adjacent beaches eroded. Many estuaries remained or became closed during the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Differences between the floras of the North and South Moluccas (Indonesia).
- Author
-
Rutgrink, Anne L. J., Visser, Michaël, and van Welzen, Peter C.
- Subjects
PLANT species ,BIODIVERSITY ,PLANT classification ,BOTANY - Abstract
The north and south Moluccas (Indonesia) have very different geotectonic origins and, due to that, a difference in flora is to be expected. The north Moluccas moved westwards along the north coast of New Guinea to their present position, the south Moluccas moved north from Australia. On the other hand, a comparable climate in both areas and (partial) submergence during tectonic movement may have equalized both floras. Collection data from Naturalis Biodiversity Center on 1559 species in 121 families treated in Flora Malesiana were collected for the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and Western New Guinea (latitudes 9.2°S and 5.6°N and longitudes 118.8°E and 141°E) and georeferenced. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were made, based on least correlated climate and edaphic variables, using only those species that were present in 5 or more grid cells of 5‐arc minutes and models were tested for deviation from random. Both areas differ significantly and share only 50%–65% of their species. The 348 significant SDMs differ much less, though still significantly, sharing 91% of the species. Despite strong climatic and edaphic similarities between the North and South Moluccas, they differ greatly in species composition, which is in support of geotectonic reconstructions. The differences between the North and South Moluccas suggest that the continuous dispersal barriers and tectonic backgrounds have influenced their current flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. The Contemporary Presidency: Digital Resources to Support Quantitative Scholarship in Presidential Studies.
- Author
-
Deluca, Lisa and Pallitto, Robert
- Subjects
PRESIDENTS of the United States ,SCHOLARLY method ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DIGITAL libraries ,TEXT mining ,EDUCATION ,COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
With the increase in digitized content available, new presidential research avails itself to more quantitative analysis. More digitized resources from government agencies and private and university repositories allow presidential scholars access to a broader universe of content. Data for analysis include digitized documents, oral histories, and data sets. Presidential scholars and researchers have the option to collaborate with programmers, computer scientists, and graduate students to become acquainted with current repositories and experiment with new technologies such as text mining and the R programming language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Neuroscience without borders: Preserving the history of neuroscience.
- Author
-
Lorusso, Lorenzo, Piccolino, Marco, Motta, Saba, Gasparello, Anna, Barbara, Jean‐Gaël, Bossi‐Régnier, Laura, Shepherd, Gordon M., Swanson, Larry, Magistretti, Pierre, Everitt, Barry, Molnár, Zoltán, and Brown, Richard E.
- Subjects
NEUROSCIENCES ,BRAIN function localization ,MEDICAL sciences ,NERVOUS system - Abstract
Abstract: Over the last 50 years, neuroscience has enjoyed a spectacular development, with many discoveries greatly expanding our knowledge of brain function. Despite this progress, there has been a disregard for preserving the history of these discoveries. In many European countries, historic objects, instruments, and archives are neglected, while libraries and museums specifically focusing on neuroscience have been closed or drastically cut back. To reverse this trend, the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) has organized a number of projects, including (a) the History of Neuroscience online projects, (b) the European Brain Museum Project (EBM), (c) the History online library, (d) the FENS meeting History Corner, (e) history lectures in historic venues, and (f) a series of history seminars in various European venues. These projects aim to stimulate research in, and increase awareness of, the history of European neuroscience. Our seminars have attracted large audiences of students, researchers, and the general public, who have supported our initiatives for the preservation of the history of neuroscience for future generations and for the promotion of interest in the history of neuroscience. It is therefore urgent to develop new methods for preserving our history, not only in Europe but also in the rest of the world, and to increase greatly teaching and research in this important aspect of our scientific and cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Identification of small molecules using accurate mass MS/MS search.
- Author
-
Kind, Tobias, Tsugawa, Hiroshi, Cajka, Tomas, Ma, Yan, Lai, Zijuan, Mehta, Sajjan S., Wohlgemuth, Gert, Barupal, Dinesh Kumar, Showalter, Megan R., Arita, Masanori, and Fiehn, Oliver
- Subjects
DRUG use testing ,LIPID analysis ,METABOLOMICS ,MASS spectrometry ,COMPUTER algorithms ,DATA acquisition systems - Abstract
Tandem mass spectral library search (MS/MS) is the fastest way to correctly annotate MS/MS spectra from screening small molecules in fields such as environmental analysis, drug screening, lipid analysis, and metabolomics. The confidence in MS/MS‐based annotation of chemical structures is impacted by instrumental settings and requirements, data acquisition modes including data‐dependent and data‐independent methods, library scoring algorithms, as well as post‐curation steps. We critically discuss parameters that influence search results, such as mass accuracy, precursor ion isolation width, intensity thresholds, centroiding algorithms, and acquisition speed. A range of publicly and commercially available MS/MS databases such as NIST, MassBank, MoNA, LipidBlast, Wiley MSforID, and METLIN are surveyed. In addition, software tools including NIST MS Search, MS‐DIAL, Mass Frontier, SmileMS, Mass++, and XCMS
2 to perform fast MS/MS search are discussed. MS/MS scoring algorithms and challenges during compound annotation are reviewed. Advanced methods such as the in silico generation of tandem mass spectra using quantum chemistry and machine learning methods are covered. Community efforts for curation and sharing of tandem mass spectra that will allow for faster distribution of scientific discoveries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. A Companion to Early Cinema
- Author
-
André Gaudreault, Nicolas Dulac, Santiago Hidalgo, André Gaudreault, Nicolas Dulac, and Santiago Hidalgo
- Subjects
- Motion pictures--History, Silent films--History and criticism
- Abstract
A COMPANION TO EARLY CINEMA “This collection of essays by early cinema scholars from Europe and North America offers manifold perspectives on early cinema fiction which perfectly reflect the state of international research.” – Martin Loiperdinger, Universitaet Trier “A fabulous selection of first-rate articles!” – Rick Altman, University of Iowa “One of the most challenging books in recent film studies: in it, early cinema is both a historical object and a contemporary presence. As in a great novel, we can retrace the adventures of the past – the films, styles, discourses, and receptions that made cinema the breakthrough reality it was in its first decades. But we can also come to appreciate how much of this reality is still present in our digital world.” – Francesco Casetti, Yale University A Companion to Early Cinema is an authoritative reference on the field of early cinema. Its 30 peer-reviewed chapters offer cutting-edge research and original perspectives on the major concerns in early cinema studies, and take an ambitious look at ideas and themes that will lead discussions about early cinema into the future. Including work by both established and up-and-coming scholars in early cinema, film theory, and film history, this will be the definitive volume on early cinema history for years to come and a must-have reference for all those working in the field.
- Published
- 2012
148. A Companion to Greek Art
- Author
-
Tyler Jo Smith, Dimitris Plantzos, Tyler Jo Smith, and Dimitris Plantzos
- Subjects
- Art, Greek
- Abstract
A comprehensive, authoritative account of the development Greek Art through the 1st millennium BC. An invaluable resource for scholars dealing with the art, material culture and history of the post-classical world Includes voices from such diverse fields as art history, classical studies, and archaeology and offers a diversity of views to the topic Features an innovative group of chapters dealing with the reception of Greek art from the Middle Ages to the present Includes chapters on Chronology and Topography, as well as Workshops and Technology Includes four major sections: Forms, Times and Places; Contacts and Colonies; Images and Meanings; Greek Art: Ancient to Antique
- Published
- 2012
149. A Companion to Lyndon B. Johnson
- Author
-
Mitchell B. Lerner and Mitchell B. Lerner
- Subjects
- Presidents--United States--Biography, Vietnam War, 1961-1975
- Abstract
This companion offers an overview of Lyndon B. Johnson's life, presidency, and legacy, as well as a detailed look at the central arguments and scholarly debates from his term in office. Explores the legacy of Johnson and the historical significance of his years as president Covers the full range of topics, from the social and civil rights reforms of the Great Society to the increased American involvement in Vietnam Incorporates the dramatic new evidence that has come to light through the release of around 8,000 phone conversations and meetings that Johnson secretly recorded as President
- Published
- 2012
150. Text of Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
- Author
-
Kosseff, Jeff
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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