2,630,978 results
Search Results
102. Modification of polyacrylate resin to prepare water‐soluble poly‐epoxy‐acrylate resin for its application as an automotive oil filter paper binder.
- Author
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Xie, Zijie, Liu, Chao, Xu, Guilong, and Hu, Jian
- Subjects
OIL filters ,FILTER paper ,EPOXY resins ,CAPILLARY flow ,SCANNING electron microscopes - Abstract
In this work, poly‐epoxy‐acrylate (PEA) resin was prepared by modifying polyacrylate resin with epoxy resin through a simple solution polymerization method. The prepared PEA resin was then neutralized by alkaline treatment to obtain excellent water solubility and used as an ecofriendly binder for automotive oil filter paper. The effect of alkaline neutralization degree on the water solubility of the PEA resin was studied. Also, the influence of epoxy content on the grafting degree of PEA resin was tested. The mechanical strength and oil resistance properties of oil filter paper strengthened by the prepared PEA resin were compared to other commercial binders. The microstructure and pore size of the oil filter paper were observed by scanning electron microscope and tested by capillary flow porometer (PMI), respectively. The results show that the prepared PEA resin can greatly enhance the mechanical and oil resistance properties of the oil filter paper while maintaining its filtration properties. The prepared PEA resin has the potential to be used as an ecofriendly water‐based binder for automotive oil filter paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. How Do I Report Genes in a Paper?
- Author
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Gabbert, Carolin, Klein, Christine, and Trinh, Joanne
- Abstract
Genetic testing, including whole genome, whole exome, and other next‐generation sequencing technologies, has evolved vastly in the past decade. With this, the number of identified genes and genetic variants is constantly increasing. Although a variety of databases and online tools exist that summarize, categorize, and classify genes, a clear guideline of which information is needed when reporting a gene and what to do when identifying a new gene is lacking. This includes the correct nomenclature, descriptive information about genetic loci and genetic variation, aliases, and correlated phenotypes. This tutorial is meant to serve as an introduction to reporting genes in a paper and provides an overview of available databases and tools to obtain all necessary information on the genes of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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104. Which terms should be used to describe medications used in the treatment of seizure disorders? An ILAE position paper.
- Author
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Perucca, Emilio, French, Jacqueline A., Aljandeel, Ghaieb, Balestrini, Simona, Braga, Patricia, Burneo, Jorge G., Felli, Augustina Charway, Cross, J. Helen, Galanopoulou, Aristea S., Jain, Satish, Jiang, Yuwu, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Lim, Shih Hui, Meador, Kimford J., Mogal, Zarine, Nabbout, Rima, Sofia, Francesca, Somerville, Ernest, Sperling, Michael R., and Triki, Chahnez
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SEIZURES (Medicine) , *DRUGS , *DIRECT action , *MEDICAL care , *DISEASE progression - Abstract
A variety of terms, such as "antiepileptic," "anticonvulsant," and "antiseizure" have been historically applied to medications for the treatment of seizure disorders. Terminology is important because using terms that do not accurately reflect the action of specific treatments may result in a misunderstanding of their effects and inappropriate use. The present International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) position paper used a Delphi approach to develop recommendations on English‐language terminology applicable to pharmacological agents currently approved for treating seizure disorders. There was consensus that these medications should be collectively named "antiseizure medications". This term accurately reflects their primarily symptomatic effect against seizures and reduces the possibility of health care practitioners, patients, or caregivers having undue expectations or an incorrect understanding of the real action of these medications. The term "antiseizure" to describe these agents does not exclude the possibility of beneficial effects on the course of the disease and comorbidities that result from the downstream effects of seizures, whenever these beneficial effects can be explained solely by the suppression of seizure activity. It is acknowledged that other treatments, mostly under development, can exert direct favorable actions on the underlying disease or its progression, by having "antiepileptogenic" or "disease‐modifying" effects. A more‐refined terminology to describe precisely these actions needs to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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105. Socio‐technical issues in the platform‐mediated gig economy: A systematic literature review: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper.
- Author
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Dedema, Meredith and Rosenbaum, Howard
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INFORMATION science , *TECHNOLOGY , *CORPORATE culture , *ALGORITHMS , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The gig economy and gig work have grown quickly in recent years and have drawn much attention from researchers in different fields. Because the platform mediated gig economy is a relatively new phenomenon, studies have produced a range of interesting findings; of interest here are the socio‐technical issues that this work has surfaced. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a snapshot of a range of socio‐technical issues raised in the last 12 years of literature focused on the platform mediated gig economy. Based on a sample of 515 papers gathered from nine databases in multiple disciplines, 132 were coded that specifically studied the gig economy, gig work, and gig workers. Three main socio‐technical themes were identified: (1) the digital workplace, which includes information infrastructure and digital labor that are related to the nature of gig work and the user agency; (2) algorithmic management, which includes platform governance, performance management, information asymmetry, power asymmetry, and system manipulation, relying on a diverse set of technological tools including algorithms and big data analytics; (3) ethical design, as a relevant value set that gig workers expect from the platform, which includes trust, fairness, equality, privacy, and transparency. A social informatics perspective is used to rethink the relationship between gig workers and platforms, extract the socio‐technical issues noted in prior research, and discuss the underexplored aspects of the platform mediated gig economy. The results draw attention to understudied yet critically important socio‐technical issues in the gig economy that suggest short‐ and long‐term opportunities for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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106. Phenomenon‐based classification: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper.
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Gnoli, Claudio, Smiraglia, Richard P., and Szostak, Rick
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CLASSIFICATION of music , *INTERDISCIPLINARY research , *BIBLIOGRAPHIC methodology , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *INFORMATION science , *SEMANTIC Web , *EDUCATIONAL technology , *TECHNOLOGY , *ONTOLOGIES (Information retrieval) , *DISCIPLINE of children - Abstract
While bibliographic classifications are traditionally based on disciplines, the logical alternative is phenomenon‐based classification. Although not prevalent, this approach has been explored in the 20th century by J.D. Brown, the Classification Research Group, and others. Its principles have been stated in the León Manifesto (2007) and are currently represented by such general schemes as the Basic Concepts Classification and the Integrative Levels Classification. A phenomenon‐based classification lists classes of phenomena, including things and processes irrespective of the discipline studying them (which can optionally be specified as an additional facet). Facets can work in a phenomenon‐based system much as in a disciplinary one. This kind of system will promote the identification of potential relationships between research in different disciplines, and will especially benefit interdisciplinary work. The paper reviews the theory, history, structure, advantages, applications, and evaluation of phenomenon‐based classification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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107. ‘Even a piece of paper has two sides’: multi‐scalar cosmologies of Japanese New Year cards.
- Author
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Daniels, Inge
- Abstract
Annually on 1 January, Japan's efficient postal system circulates 2.5 billion New Year cards to arrive simultaneously in every home in the country. Based on ethnographic fieldwork around Osaka, this article investigates the continued popularity of this exchange of paper forms in an age of smartphones and fast internet connections. Extending recent anthropological scholarship about digital data, I argue that these seemingly trivial cards have transformative potential. They are active, potent participants in the cultivation, accumulation, and ongoing care of multiple networks of social, economic, and spiritual relationships. Through an analysis of the material and aesthetic qualities of the cards, I highlight how their front‐back design embodies co‐existing, but contrasting, dimensions of Japanese relations along a qualification‐quantification and personalization‐standardization axis. The cards also produce depth and scale by linking intimate, domestic concerns with larger political and economic interests, while weaving together multiple temporal dimensions. Ultimately, they exemplify how the manipulation of surfaces can have profound cosmological consequences. These cards possess a spiritual and social potency that generates an all‐encompassing, intimate closeness that yearly rejuvenates society by reconstituting individuals as part of the whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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108. Predicting rock–paper–scissors choices based on single‐trial EEG signals.
- Author
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He, Zetong, Cui, Lidan, Zhang, Shunmin, and He, Guibing
- Subjects
- *
MOTOR imagery (Cognition) , *SENSATION seeking , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *VIDEO gamers , *DECISION making , *FORECASTING - Abstract
Decision prediction based on neurophysiological signals is of great application value in many real‐life situations, especially in human–AI collaboration or counteraction. Single‐trial analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a very valuable step in the development of an online decision‐prediction system. However, previous EEG‐based decision‐prediction methods focused mainly on averaged EEG signals of all decision‐making trials to predict an individual's general decision tendency (e.g., risk seeking or aversion) over a period rather than on a specific decision response in a single trial. In the present study, we used a rock–paper–scissors game, which is a common multichoice decision‐making task, to explore how to predict participants' single‐trial choice with EEG signals. Forty participants, comprising 20 females and 20 males, played the game with a computer player for 330 trials. Considering that the decision‐making process of this game involves multiple brain regions and neural networks, we proposed a new algorithm named common spatial pattern‐attractor metagene (CSP‐AM) to extract CSP features from different frequency bands of EEG signals that occurred during decision making. The results showed that a multilayer perceptron classifier achieved an accuracy significantly exceeding the chance level among 88.57% (31 of 35) of participants, verifying the classification ability of CSP features in multichoice decision‐making prediction. We believe that the CSP‐AM algorithm could be used in the development of proactive AI systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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109. Counseling in menopausal women: How to address the benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy. A FIGO position paper.
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Genazzani, Andrea R., Divakar, Hema, Khadilkar, Suvarna S., Monteleone, Patrizia, Evangelisti, Bernadette, Galal, Ahmed F., Priego, Paola I. R., Simoncini, Tommaso, Giannini, Andrea, Goba, Gelila, and Benedetto, Chiara
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HORMONE therapy for menopause , *HEALTH counseling , *MENOPAUSE , *COUNSELING , *HORMONE therapy , *HOT flashes , *OPERATING room nursing - Abstract
Menopause marks the end of menstrual cyclicity and, depending on individual vulnerability, has several consequences related to gonadal steroid deprivation, especially if it is premature. Menopause may be more burdensome for some women than for others. Individual factors, such as personal history, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and current health conditions, affect symptomatology and, thereby, the menopausal experience. In addition, some menopausal symptoms, such as severe hot flashes, sleep disorders, and depression, are markers of future health risks. Counseling is a fundamental part of health care in the peri‐ and postmenopause periods. It must include an assessment of the patient's symptoms, needs, desires, and risk profile to address the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on an individual basis and promote a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, healthcare practitioners can and must protect the health and lives of mid‐life women by increasing awareness of menopausal symptoms and ensuring healthcare options, especially MHT. The type and duration of MHT should be tailored based on the patient's history, menopausal age, physical characteristics, and current health status so that the benefits always outweigh the risks. This FIGO position paper focuses on the benefits and risks of MHT on health domains, target organs, and systems, and on systemic and vaginal MHT regimens, to provide indications that can be used in the clinical practice for menopausal counseling. Moreover, it offers insights into what FIGO considers the mainstay for the healthcare management of women in peri‐ and postmenopause, worldwide. Synopsis: The increase in life expectancy has made post‐reproductive health a global priority. Counseling on the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy and lifestyle education is fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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110. Assessing cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A guidance paper for studies using administrative data.
- Author
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Johnston, Amy, Smith, Graeme N., Tanuseputro, Peter, Coutinho, Thais, and Edwards, Jodi D.
- Abstract
Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and their association with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk represents a major public health concern. However, assessing CVD risk in women with a history of these conditions presents unique challenges, especially when studies are carried out using routinely collected data.To summarise and describe key challenges related to the design and conduct of administrative studies assessing CVD risk in women with a history of HDP and provide concrete recommendations for addressing them in future research.This is a methodological guidance paper.Several conceptual and methodological factors related to the data‐generating mechanism and study conceptualisation, design/data management and analysis, as well as the interpretation and reporting of study findings should be considered and addressed when designing and carrying out administrative studies on this topic. Researchers should develop an a priori conceptual framework within which the research question is articulated, important study variables are identified and their interrelationships are carefully considered.To advance our understanding of CVD risk in women with a history of HDP, future studies should carefully consider and address the conceptual and methodological considerations outlined in this guidance paper. In highlighting these challenges, and providing specific recommendations for how to address them, our goal is to improve the quality of research carried out on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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111. Literary Reading on Paper and Screens: Associations Between Reading Habits and Preferences and Experiencing Meaningfulness.
- Author
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Hakemulder, Frank and Mangen, Anne
- Subjects
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DIGITAL technology , *LITERARY readings , *DIGITIZATION , *PHONICS , *EXPOSITION (Rhetoric) - Abstract
The increasing use of digital technologies has implications for reading. Online and on‐screen reading often consist of engaging with multiple, short, multimedia snippets of information, whereas longform reading is in decline. Meta‐analyses have identified a screen inferiority when reading informational texts, but not narrative texts. The mode effect is explained by reference to the Shallowing Hypothesis, postulating that increased screen reading leads to a propensity to skim and scan rather than carefully read, since digital reading material is typically composed of short, decontextualized snippets of multimedia content rather than long, linear, texts. Experiments have found support for the Shallowing Hypothesis when reading expository/informational texts, but the impact of increased habituation to screens on, specifically, literary reading, is largely unknown. It is plausible that shallow modes of reading, prompted by increased screen use, may compromise one's capacity to engage deeply with literary texts and, in turn, negatively affect readers' motivation and inclination to engage in slower, more reflective, and more effortful reading. This article presents the results from three experiments exploring associations between reading behavior, medium preferences, and the reading of a short literary text on paper versus screen. Although mixed, the results revealed an overall pattern for the role of medium: more frequent reading of short texts on screen predicted less inclination to muster the cognitive persistence required for reading a longer text, and engage in contemplation on the deeper and personally relevant meaning of the literary text. Educational implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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112. A review on a novel method for aging evaluation of transformer insulating paper based on methanol.
- Author
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Chen, Qingguo, Sun, Wei, Cheng, Song, and Huang, Guokai
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INSULATING oils ,EVALUATION methodology ,POWER transformers ,DEGREE of polymerization ,FURFURAL ,INDUCTIVE effect ,METHANOL - Abstract
The insulation paper is a crucial factor for evaluating the insulation status of transformers. The traditional evaluation methods for insulation paper are dissolved gas component content analysis (CO and CO2) and furfural (2‐FAL) content analysis in oil. The detection principle of the former leads to its low accuracy, while the field application effect of the latter is not ideal due to the easy oxidation of furfural and low content. Methanol, result of its good stability and high production compared with other marker products (CO, CO2, 2‐FAL) has been investigated as a novel marker for aging evaluation of transformer insulating paper in recent years. The results of the investigation indicated that there is a good correlation between the content of methanol in oil and the degree of polymerization under laboratory conditions, which reflected the insulation aging state of the transformer insulating paper more accurately. This paper summarizes the current research status of methanol formation mechanism, detection methods and aging evaluation in insulating oil, and points out the key problems to be solved and development prospects, hoping to provide relevant reference for aging evaluation of oil immersed power transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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113. A review on the research progress and future development of nano‐modified cellulose insulation paper.
- Author
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Tang, Chao, Chen, Rui, Zhang, Jinzhu, Peng, Xiao, Chen, Binghao, and Zhang, Liusheng
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- 2022
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114. Review of retracted papers in the field of neurology.
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Wang, Xingbo, Gao, Ning, Chen, Huan, and Wang, Weiming
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ACADEMIC fraud , *WATERMARKS , *RESEARCH integrity , *NEUROLOGY , *EDUCATIONAL standards - Abstract
Background and purpose: Despite the growing awareness of academic fraud, its prevalence in the field of neurology has not been fully assessed. This review aims to analyze the characteristics of the retracted papers in the field of neurology and the reasons for the retraction to better understand the trends in this area and to assist to avoid retraction incidents. Methods: A total of 79 papers were included, which pertained to 22 countries and 64 journals. The marking methods for retracting original papers included watermarks (89.04%), retracted signs in the text (5.48%) and no prompt (5.48%). The median M (interquartile range [IQR]) of citations in retractions in neurology was 7 (41). Studies continued to be cited after retraction with an M (IQR) of 3 (16). The journal impact factor was between 0 and 157.335, with an M (IQR) of 5.127 (3.668). 45.21% and 31.51% papers were mainly published in the first and second quartile journals, respectively. The M (IQR) time elapsed between publication and retraction was 32 (44) months. The reasons for retraction included two major categories, academic misconduct (79.75%) and academic unintentional mistakes (20.25%). Results and conclusions: The number of retractions in neurology has been on the rise over the past decade, with fabricated academic misconduct being the main cause of the retractions. Due to the long time lag between publication and retraction, a number of unreliable findings continue to be cited following retraction. In addition to the requisite standards of academic ethics, augmenting research training and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial in enhancing research integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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115. Fabrication of fully degradable branched poly (lactic acid) nanofiber membranes for high‐efficiency filter paper materials.
- Author
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Sun, Ning, Shao, Weili, Zheng, Jin, Zhang, Yuting, Li, Junli, Liu, Simeng, Wang, Kai, Niu, Jingyi, Li, Bo, Gao, Yanfei, Liu, Fan, Jiang, Huadong, and He, Jianxin
- Subjects
FILTER paper ,MEMBRANE filters ,LACTIC acid ,AIR resistance ,WOOD-pulp ,PAPER pulp ,PARTICULATE matter ,POLYLACTIC acid - Abstract
Air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) poses an imminent threat to the global environment and public health. However, balancing the removal efficiency and pressure drop of most filter materials is difficult. Moreover, filter materials are non‐degradable and non‐recyclable, causing serious harm to the environment. Herein, a strategy to create fully degradable branched poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers based on electrospinning by adjusting the spinning solution properties was reported and branched PLA nanofibers were applied as nanofiber filter paper for air filtration materials. When the PLA and tetrabutylammonium chloride concentrations were 8 and 5 wt%, respectively, PLA nanofibers with branched structures were obtained. The obtained nanofibers possessed a small pore size (0.70 μm), high porosity (92.3%), appropriate mechanical properties, resulting in high PM0.3 removal efficiency (99.95%), low air resistance (79.67 Pa), and promising long‐term PM2.5 purification. Notably, branched T‐PLA‐5 nanofibers exhibited excellent filtration performance when applied to cellulose wood pulp paper. The filtration efficiency of the nanofiber filter paper remained stable above 85% for PM0.3 (32 L min−1) after 5000 backflushings. Thus, the preparation of such nanomaterials may provide new insights into the design and development of high‐performance degradable filtration materials for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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116. Large‐Scale Manufacturing of Pattern‐Integrated Paper Li‐Ion Microbatteries through Roll‐to‐Roll Flexographic Printing.
- Author
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Wang, Ying, Cao, Daxian, Sun, Xiao, Ren, Haoze, Ji, Tongtai, Jin, Xiaoning, Morse, Jeffrey, Stewart, Barbara, and Zhu, Hongli
- Subjects
BUILDING additions ,ARCHITECTURAL design ,LITHIUM-ion batteries ,THERMAL stability ,ELECTRODES - Abstract
Electrode architectures significantly influence the electrochemical performance, flexibility, and applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs). However, the conventional bar coating for fabricating electrodes limits the addition of customized architecture or patterns. In this study, as a novel approach, patterns are integrated into electrodes through large‐scale roll‐to‐roll (R2R) flexographic printing. Additionally, flexible, recyclable, and biodegradable paper are innovatively used as a printing substrate during printing LiBs manufacturing, which exhibited superior printability. Moreover, the paper is modified with a thin‐layer Al2O3 to function as the separator in the printed LiB. The Al2O3‐coated paper enables an admirable wettability for printing, excellent mechanical properties for high‐speed R2R manufacturing, and outstanding thermal stability for the safe and stable operation of LiBs. The assembled paper cells exhibit nearly 100% discharge capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 3 C and outstanding rate performance. This work inspires future large‐scale microbatteries manufacturing integrated with high‐resolution architecture designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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117. Eosinophils-from cradle to grave: An EAACI task force paper on new molecular insights and clinical functions of eosinophils and the clinical effects of targeted eosinophil depletion.
- Author
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Jesenak M, Diamant Z, Simon D, Tufvesson E, Seys SF, Mukherjee M, Lacy P, Vijverberg S, Slisz T, Sediva A, Simon HU, Striz I, Plevkova J, Schwarze J, Kosturiak R, Alexis NE, Untersmayr E, Vasakova MK, Knol E, and Koenderman L
- Subjects
- Humans, Biomarkers, Eosinophils
- Abstract
Over the past years, eosinophils have become a focus of scientific interest, especially in the context of their recently uncovered functions (e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regulatory). These versatile cells display both beneficial and detrimental activities under various physiological and pathological conditions. Eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases which can be classified into primary (clonal) and secondary (reactive) disorders and idiopathic (hyper)eosinophilic syndromes. Depending on the biological specimen, the eosinophil count in different body compartments may serve as a biomarker reflecting the underlying pathophysiology and/or activity of distinct diseases and as a therapy-driving (predictive) and monitoring tool. Personalized selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy directly or indirectly targeting the increased number and/or activity of eosinophils should be based on the understanding of eosinophil homeostasis including their interactions with other immune and non-immune cells within different body compartments. Hence, restoring as well as maintaining homeostasis within an individual's eosinophil pool is a goal of both specific and non-specific eosinophil-targeting therapies. Despite the overall favourable safety profile of the currently available anti-eosinophil biologics, the effect of eosinophil depletion should be monitored from the perspective of possible unwanted consequences., (© 2023 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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118. Management of Impacted Fetal Head at Caesarean Birth: Scientific Impact Paper No. 73.
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Cornthwaite K, Bahl R, Winter C, Wright A, Kingdom J, Walker KF, Tydeman G, Briley A, Schmidt-Hansen M, and Draycott T
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- Infant, Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Fetus, Uterus, Cervix Uteri, Cesarean Section adverse effects, Labor, Obstetric
- Abstract
Over one-quarter of women in the UK have a caesarean birth (CB). More than one in 20 of these births occurs near the end of labour, when the cervix is fully dilated (second stage). In these circumstances, and when labour has been prolonged, the baby's head can become lodged deep in the maternal pelvis making it challenging to deliver the baby. During the caesarean birth, difficulty in delivery of the baby's head may result - this emergency is known as impacted fetal head (IFH). These are technically challenging births that pose significant risks to both the woman and baby. Complications for the woman include tears in the womb, serious bleeding and longer hospital stay. Babies are at increased risk of injury including damage to the head and face, lack of oxygen to the brain, nerve damage, and in rare cases, the baby may die from these complications. Maternity staff are increasingly encountering IFH at CB, and reports of associated injuries have risen dramatically in recent years. The latest UK studies suggest that IFH may complicate as many as one in 10 unplanned CBs (1.5% of all births) and that two in 100 babies affected by IFH die or are seriously injured. Moreover, there has been a sharp increase in reports of babies having brain injuries when their birth was complicated by IFH. When an IFH occurs, the maternity team can use different approaches to help deliver the baby's head at CB. These include: an assistant (another obstetrician or midwife) pushing the head up from the vagina; delivering the baby feet first; using a specially designed inflatable balloon device to elevate the baby's head and/or giving the mother a medicine to relax the womb. However, there is currently no consensus for how best to manage these births. This has resulted in a lack of confidence among maternity staff, variable practice and potentially avoidable harm in some circumstances. This paper reviews the current evidence regarding the prediction, prevention and management of IFH at CB, integrating findings from a systematic review commissioned from the National Guideline Alliance., (© 2023 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)
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- 2023
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119. High stakes. Commentary on the 2023 United Kingdom government white paper on gambling reform.
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Rogers J, Roberts A, Sharman S, Dymond S, Ludvig EA, and Tunney RJ
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- Humans, Government, Advertising, United Kingdom, Gambling
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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120. Irma Weinberg's 1928 paper "on the problem of the determination of heredity prognosis: The risk in the cousins of schizophrenics".
- Author
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Kendler KS, Klee A, and Engstrom EJ
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- Humans, Female, Family, Germany, Heredity, Holocaust, Psychiatry, Schizophrenia genetics
- Abstract
Irma Weinberg, a German-Jewish Neuropsychiatrist/Physician, authored the fourth report from the German Research Institute for Psychiatry in Munich examining the risk for dementia praecox (DP) in particular relatives of DP probands, here first-cousins. She examined 977 cousins of 54 DP probands and found a best-estimate risk of 1.4%. She conducted within-study analyses, showing a much higher risk for DP in the siblings than cousins of DP probands. She studied DP-related personalities showing a familial link between these conditions and risk for DP. She demonstrated that the risk for DP in cousins was impacted substantially by the distribution, in ancestors, of psychosis and personality abnormalities. After completing work on this article, Weinberg worked in private practice in Frankfurt, emigrating to the Netherlands in 1934, where she worked at a Jewish psychiatric hospital. In 1943, German occupiers evacuated the hospital, transporting the patients and staff, either directly to Auschwitz or, like Weinberg, to the Westerbork transit camp. On September 4, 1944, Dr. Weinberg was transported to Theresienstadt and soon thereafter to Auschwitz, where she was murdered at the age of 53. Her history raises painful questions about the relationship between genetic studies of psychiatric illness in prewar Germany and the Holocaust., (© 2023 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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121. Storage of chicken breast meat in paper coated with different types of hydrophobic agents.
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Peter, Anca, Mihaly Cozmuta, Leonard, Nicula, Camelia, Mihaly Cozmuta, Anca, Drazic, Goran, Peñas, Antonio, Kamgang Nzekoue, Franks, Huang, Xiaohui, Sagratini, Gianni, and Silvi, Stefania
- Subjects
POLYETHYLENE films ,VAPOR barriers ,BIOGENIC amines ,PACKAGING materials ,PROTEOLYSIS ,PAPER bags - Abstract
Chicken meat is well known for its high nutritional value. Its shelf life is short, due to the pronounced perishability, even under refrigeration. Paper bags are usually used as packaging materials, due to their biodegradability. The main negative aspect concerning paper is its high porosity and low moisture barrier. In this regard, it has to be coated/modified with efficient moisture barrier materials. The storage of chicken breast meat wrapped in four types of paper‐based materials currently in use in Romania (RO), Italy (IT), Spain (SP) and Slovenia (SLO) is reported. RO and IT are paper coated with polyethylene (PE) film, SP is waxed paper, and SLO is paper modified with hydrophobized starch. The influence of the coating film on the organoleptical, biochemical and microbiological characteristics of the chicken breast meat stored at 4°C was the aim of the study. The mathematical modelling revealed two aspects: (1) the stability period in which the meat safe for consumption is in the range 1.92–2.18 days in the case of all paper types, and (2) cadaverine, the amine generated by protein degradation, is a less sensitive indicator of the meat alteration than microbial growth. The papers coated with PE (RO and IT samples) and with hydrophobized starch (SLO paper) were packaging materials more efficient that the waxed paper (SP sample). The polyethylene film reduced the conversion of putrescine into spermidine in a higher extent than wax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Cancer incidence among workers in soft paper mills: A cohort study.
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Torén, Kjell, Neitzel, Richard L., Eriksson, Helena P., and Andersson, Eva
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,SMALL intestine cancer ,THYROID cancer ,INTESTINAL tumors ,COHORT analysis - Abstract
Objectives: To elucidate whether occupational exposure to soft paper dust increases the incidence of cancer. Methods: We studied 7988 workers in Swedish soft paper mills from 1960 to 2008, of whom 3233 (2 187 men and 1046 women) had more than 10 years of employment. They were divided into high exposure (>5 mg/m3 for >1 year) or lower exposure to soft paper dust based on a validated job‐exposure matrix. They were followed from 1960 to 2019, and person‐years at risk were stratified according to gender, age, and calendar‐year. The expected numbers of incident tumors were calculated using the Swedish population as the reference, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed. Results: Among high‐exposure workers with more than 10 years of employment, there was an increased incidence of colon cancer (SIR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20−2.31), small intestine cancer (SIR 3.27, 95% CI 1.36−7.86), and thyroid gland cancer (SIR 2.68, 95% CI 1.11−6.43), as well as lung cancer (SIR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12−2.19). Among the lower‐exposed workers there was an increased incidence of connective tissue tumors (sarcomas) (SIR 2.26, 95% CI 1.13−4.51) and pleural mesothelioma (SIR 3.29, 95% CI 1.37−7.91). Conclusion: Workers in soft paper mills with high exposure to soft paper dust have an increased incidence of large and small intestine tumors. Whether the increased risk is caused by paper dust exposure or some unknown associated factors is unclear. The increased incidence of pleural mesothelioma is probably linked to asbestos exposure. The reason for increased incidence of sarcomas is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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123. Sustainable DNA Data Storage on Cellulose Paper.
- Author
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Liu, Qian, Wei, Yanan, Wang, Zhaoguan, Song, Dong‐Po, Cui, Jingsong, and Qi, Hao
- Abstract
DNA is a promising material for high density and long‐term archival data storage. In addition to algorithms for encoding digital information into DNA sequences, the DNA writing (chemical synthesis) and reading (DNA sequencing), the preservation of DNA mixtures with high sequence diversity is another critical issue for sustainable, long‐term, and large‐scale DNA data storage. Here, this work demonstrates a method for low‐cost, convenient and sustainable DNA data storage on cellulose paper. A DNA pool comprising thousands of sequences, in which archival data are encoded, is conveniently stored on a cellulose paper with a calculated density as high as 15 TB per mm3 through electrostatic adsorption. This work demonstrates that these digitally encoded DNA pools can be stable for years on the cellulose paper after drying even when directly exposed to air. Furthermore, the reversible electrostatic adsorption enables repeated loading/retrieval of DNA on/off cellulose paper. Therefore, this sustainable DNA preservation on cellulose paper through the convenient electrostatic adsorption exhibits a great advantage in terms of storage capacity and cost that is crucial for practical systems to achieve large‐scale and long‐time data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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124. The raw truth about paper mills.
- Author
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Christopher, Jana
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,WESTERN immunoblotting - Abstract
In 2018, the community first observed scientific papers in the biomedical literature that seemed to display systematically fabricated data, pointing to the existence of paper mills: unofficial, potentially illegal organizations selling fake scientific manuscripts. In the present article, we share relevant information specifically about the 'raw data' associated with paper mill manuscripts. If a submitted manuscript displays clear indicators of potential paper mill involvement, we found that the raw data at close inspection often raise doubts about their authenticity. In the absence of real data, paper mills may need to fabricate raw data images when responding to requests from journals. Given the necessity to streamline production of fake manuscripts, the alleged raw data might be created using templates. Some potential methods for generating fake Western blot images are discussed. Paying close attention to image data, including graphs, diagrams, plots and tables, ideally at pre‐publication stage, can clearly help prevent publication of incorrect and fabricated information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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125. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Bacteria Living Composites in Carbon Paper for Biocurrent Generation.
- Author
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Vázquez, Ricardo Javier, McCuskey, Samantha R., Quek, Glenn, Su, Yude, Llanes, Luana, Hinks, Jamie, and Bazan, Guillermo C.
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CARBON paper ,POLYMER electrodes ,GOLD electrodes ,CARBON electrodes ,SHEWANELLA oneidensis - Abstract
Successful practical implementation of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) requires developing affordable electrode structures that promote efficient electrical communication with microbes. Recent efforts have centered on immobilizing bacteria with organic semiconducting polymers on electrodes via electrochemical methods. This approach creates a fixed biocomposite that takes advantage of the increased electrode's electroactive surface area (EASA). Here, it is demonstrated that a biocomposite comprising the water‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE‐K and electrogenic Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 can self‐assemble with carbon paper electrodes, thereby increasing its biocurrent extraction by ≈6‐fold over control biofilms. A ≈1.5‐fold increment in biocurrent extraction is obtained for the biocomposite on carbon paper relative to the biocurrent extracted from gold‐coated counterparts. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the biocomposite stabilized with the carbon paper more quickly than atop flat gold electrodes. Cross‐sectional images show that the biocomposite infiltrates inhomogeneously into the porous carbon structure. Despite an incomplete penetration, the biocomposite can take advantage of the large EASA of the electrode via long‐range electron transport. These results show that previous success on gold electrode platforms can be improved when using more commercially viable and easily manipulated electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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126. Mechanistic Understanding and Three‐Dimensional Tuning of Fluid Imbibition in Silica‐Coated Cotton Linter Paper Sheets.
- Author
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Mikolei, Joanna J., Neuenfeld, Lukas, Paech, Steffen, Langhans, Markus, Biesalski, Markus, Meckel, Tobias, and Andrieu‐Brunsen, Annette
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MICROFLUIDICS ,MICROFLUIDIC devices ,CAPILLARY flow ,SILICA fibers ,FLUID control ,FLUIDS ,CONFOCAL microscopy - Abstract
Paper‐based microfluidic devices are used in point of care diagnostic, sensor technology or lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. Although a number of studies has been reported, only relatively few paper‐based diagnostic tools are available on the market. A remaining challenge is the mechanistic understanding and precise design of capillary flow in paper. Here, silica coatings are applied to control paper wettability, fiber swelling, and thus fluid transport in all three dimensions of a paper sheet via a simple dip‐coating and post‐treatment process. By adjusting the three‐dimensional silica coating distribution, a three‐dimensional asymmetric wettability gradient within the paper sheet is obtained which controls the fluid distribution and imbibition. The correlation between silica coating amount and silica distribution with the resulting fluid behavior is systematically elaborated by analyzing the interaction between fiber and fluid as well as the fiber swelling by applying confocal microscopy. Three different silica‐amount dependent fluid distribution states are demonstrated. These new insights into the mechanism of fluid imbibition using simple silica coatings enable the specific design of different imbibition mechanisms and thus the adjustment of the microfluidic properties in paper‐based microfluidic devices with control over all three spatial dimensions of a paper sheet in one fabrication step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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127. Simple approach to fabricate MXene/cellulose paper for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.
- Author
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Zhan, Yanhu, Meng, Yanyan, and Xie, Qian
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ELECTROMAGNETIC interference ,ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding ,CELLULOSE ,FILTER paper ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,ELECTRONIC equipment - Abstract
A simple approach was developed to fabricate high‐performance MXene/cellulose (MC)‐based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding papers. The oriented MXene sheets located on one side of cellulose filter paper construct a continuous conductive layer, endowing the MC paper with high electrical conductivity (240.1 S/m) and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (29.3 dB for 0.192‐mm thickness) at an MXene content of 0.72 vol%. Moreover, the EMI shielding effectiveness of four stacked MC papers reached 40.5 dB. This result means that 99.9911% of the microwave radiation is attenuated, and 0.0089% is transmitted, through the four‐piece MXene/cellulose filter papers. Therefore, MC paper has promising properties for excellent EMI shielding materials in current electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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128. Comparing teacher noticing on paper and pencil and technology tasks.
- Author
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Chandler, Kayla
- Subjects
- *
MATHEMATICS teachers , *TEACHERS , *HIGH school students , *MATHEMATICS education , *PENCILS - Abstract
Work in teacher noticing has captured to what extent teachers notice students' thinking on paper and pencil tasks and technology tasks, yet no one study has considered how the same group of teachers notices across task types. This study used Jacobs et al.'s (Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2010, 41(2), pp: 169–202.) professional noticing of students' thinking framework to guide the design and analysis of prospective secondary mathematics teachers' (PSMTs) noticing of high school students' thinking on two geometry tasks: a paper and pencil task and a technology task. High school students' written work and a video clip were shared as the artifacts from which to notice for each task. PSMTs responded to a set of noticing prompts to capture how they were attending, interpreting, and deciding to respond to students' thinking for each task. Their written responses to these questions were then open coded for each noticing component and codes from each task were compared to reveal any differences in the content of PSMTs' noticing across task types. Results revealed differences between tasks for each component skill of noticing. Implications of these findings for mathematics teacher educators and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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129. Guest Editorial: Selected papers from RADAR 2022—International Conference on Radar Systems (Edinburgh, UK).
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Clemente, Carmine and Balleri, Alessio
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BISTATIC radar ,RADAR ,CONTINUOUS wave radar ,RADAR cross sections ,RADAR signal processing ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar - Abstract
This article is a guest editorial for the IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation journal, focusing on selected papers from the RADAR 2022 conference held in Edinburgh, UK. The conference provided an opportunity for radar specialists from 22 countries to explore the latest developments in radar systems. Key topics discussed at the conference included new radar trends, target detection (with a focus on drones), low-frequency radar, and cognitive radar. The special issue contains 17 papers based on extended work presented at the conference, covering topics such as multistatic radar, passive radar, target signatures, and advanced radar processing techniques. The authors hope that this special issue will serve as a valuable resource for further research in the field. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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130. Direct Ink Writing of Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS for Flexible Electronic Patterned and Supercapacitor Papers.
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Lay, Makara, Say, Mehmet Girayhan, and Engquist, Isak
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ELECTRONIC paper ,CARBON nanofibers ,ORGANIC electronics ,FLEXIBLE electronics ,CLEAN energy ,ELECTRIC currents ,SUPERCAPACITORS - Abstract
Printed electronic paper identifies its interest in flexible organic electronics and sustainable and clean energy applications because of its straightforward production method, cost‐effectiveness, and positive environmental impact. However, current limitations include restricted material thickness and the use of supporting substrate for printing. Here, 2D and 3D electronic patterned paper are fabricated from direct ink writing (DIW) nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS‐based materials using syringe deposition and 3D printing. The conductor patterns are integrated in the bulk of the paper, while non‐conductive sections are used as support to form free‐standing paper. The strong interface between the patterns of electronic patterned paper gives mechanical stability for practical handling. The conductive paper‐based electrode has 202 S cm−1 and is capable of handling electric current up to 0.7 A, which can be used for high‐power devices. Printed supercapacitor papers show high specific energy of 4.05 Wh kg−1, specific power of 4615 W kg−1 at 0.06 A g−1, and capacitance retention above 95% after 2000 cycles. The new design structure of electronic patterned papers presents a solution for additive manufacturing of paper‐based composites for supercapacitors, wearable electronics, or sensors for smart packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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131. Rapid on‐site detection of persistent organic pollutants using multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer.
- Author
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Guo, Xiangyu, Li, Junfang, Bai, Hua, and Ma, Qiang
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PERSISTENT pollutants ,CARBON paper ,POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons ,CARBON nanotubes ,MASS spectrometers ,ION traps ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Rationale: Rapid on‐site detection of persistent organic pollutants (POP) is highly desirable for environmental protection. Methods: Herein, a rapid on‐site analytical workflow was developed for the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds using multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled with a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Critical parameters regarding PSI and miniature mass spectrometry analysis were optimized. Results: The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated under optimized conditions, obtaining a short analysis duration of less than 1 min, sufficient linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, acceptable recovery rates of 93.1%–105.8% with relative standard deviations of between 3.5% and 10.3%, and reasonable sensitivity with limits of detection and quantitation of 2–200 and 5–500 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions: Considering these aspects, it was concluded that the present approach demonstrated a promising solution for rapid on‐site detection of emerging POPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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132. Unusual pneumoconiosis in two patients with heavy print toner, and paper dust exposure.
- Author
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Sarwate M, Vrbenska A, Cummings K, and Tazelaar HD
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Dust, Ink, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Paper, Pneumoconiosis etiology, Printing
- Abstract
Workers in a print shop are exposed to photocopier toner dust and paper dust over a prolonged period of time. However, there are only rare case reports of toner and paper dust induced lung damage in humans. We reviewed our consultation files for a period of 30 years from 1987 to 2018 to look for cases with a diagnosis of giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP), printer toner exposure and paper dust exposure resulting in lung disease. There were two cases which met our inclusion criteria. Slides, clinical histories and imaging were reviewed. Both the patients had worked in print shops, and had no history of exposure to hard metals. Patient 1 presented with shortness of breath and cough over several months, while patient 2 was asymptomatic at presentation. Both the patients underwent surgical lung biopsies. Histopathologic examination from both the cases showed a spectrum of pathology, including features of GIP, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, chronic bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia, and particulate matter consistent with toner. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was performed on one case, and it revealed no cobalt or tungsten particles. The unusual combination of findings is very suggestive that toner particles with or without paper dust exposure were responsible for the pathologic changes in the lungs of these patients. This possibility should be explored further with additional patients who work in print shops where they are exposed to paper dust and paper toner and have signs or symptoms of diffuse lung disease., (© 2020 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2020
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133. Microfluidic Free‐Flow Paper Electrochromatography for Continuous Separation of Glycans.
- Author
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Liu, Yingchao, Huang, Yuanyu, Wu, Mengxi, Kong, Siyuan, Cao, Weiqian, Li, Shunxiang, Yan, Guoquan, Liu, Baohong, Yang, Pengyuan, Zhang, Quanqing, Qiao, Liang, and Shen, Huali
- Subjects
GLYCANS ,BIOMOLECULES ,SEPARATION (Technology) ,CELL separation ,FILTER paper ,PAPER chromatography ,ELECTROPHORESIS - Abstract
Microfluidic free‐flow electrophoresis (μ‐FFE) is widely used for continuous separation of charged analytes. However, μ‐FFE is limited in the separation of analytes with the same electrophoretic mobility. In this work, we developed a novel microfluidic free‐flow paper electrochromatography (μ‐FFPE) by combining μ‐FFE with filter paper‐based chromatography, enabling continuous separation of analytes through the mechanism of both μ‐FFE and paper chromatography. Numerical simulation was applied to demonstrate the advantages of adding filter paper as the stationary phase of μ‐FFE. With the filter paper, a more stable separation system was achieved. The device was applied to the separation of simple mixtures of dyes and complex mixtures of glycans. With the μ‐FFPE fractionation, much more glycans and glycan types can be identified by LC‐MS, demonstrating the value of the method in biological analysis. The μ‐FFPE can provide a new platform for the separation and analysis of various biological molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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134. Query about formula used in the 2006 paper on the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study.
- Author
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Grathwohl DJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, World Health Organization, Child Development
- Published
- 2023
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135. Unmet clinical needs in the use of zanubrutinib in malignant lymphomas (Waldenström macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma): A consensus-based position paper from an ad hoc expert panel.
- Author
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Zinzani PL, Mauro FR, Tedeschi A, Varettoni M, Zaja F, and Barosi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Consensus, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell drug therapy, Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell pathology, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia drug therapy, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone drug therapy
- Abstract
Zanubrutinib has been approved for the treatment of patients with different lymphoproliferative disorders, and now represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of patients resistant or relapsing after the recommended therapies. Because few systematic studies or comparative randomized clinical trials have been conducted, optimal use of the drug in approved indications is challenging, and questions are emerging on its use in earlier stages of the disorders. This article presents the results of group discussion among an ad hoc constituted panel of experts aimed at identifying and addressing unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in the use of zanubrutinib in the lymphomas which have received the approval of use, specifically Waldenström macroglubulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Key UCNs were selected according to the criterion of clinical relevance using the Delphi process. The panel produced recommendations and proposals for new studies for the management of the identified UCNs. These recommendations are intended for use not only by expert centers but above all by not experienced hematologists as well as general practitioners., (© 2023 The Authors. Hematological Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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136. Reliable Paper Surface Treatments for the Development of Inkjet‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors.
- Author
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Zea, Miguel, Moya, Ana, Villa, Rosa, and Gabriel, Gemma
- Subjects
INK ,ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors ,CELLULOSE fibers ,ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes ,DISPOSABLE medical devices ,POROSITY - Abstract
The need for disposable, simpler, and accurate paper‐based analytical devices represents an open research field that is focused on simpler fabrication methods. To achieve this, four feasible methodologies are proposed for the direct printing of an electrochemical sensor on a biodegradable paper substrate using commercial gold and silver inks, which are compatible with inkjet printing technology. Four substrate treatment strategies are evaluated: printing the active elements directly on the hydrophilic bare paper, a hydrophobic gas‐phase coating over all the substrate, a hydrophobic silane ink that is selectively printed on the paper, and a hydrophobic coating that is selectively printed and blocks the surface porosity. Thanks to the ability of the inks to conform the cellulose fibers, the resulting working electrodes tune their electrochemical active area, showing higher active electrochemical areas when the roughness is increased. The most planar consideration is achieved blocking the paper porosity with SU‐8 and the direct printing on bare paper maximizes the electrochemical response with the smallest geometric area, with current values 2.7‐times higher than the theoretical one. Although all methods allow a functional electrochemical sensor, the highest reproducible results are accomplished with the blocked paper, consequently allowing a higher controlled and robust manufacturing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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137. Comparing the computerized and standard paper‐and‐pencil version of a novel test of memory in a community‐based geriatric sample.
- Author
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Beaulieu, Ashleigh Nicole, Quintana, Alan A, Ortiz, Juliana, Ortega, Alexandra, Hincapie, Diana Maria, Curiel, Rosie E, and Loewenstein, David A.
- Abstract
Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical to improve illness management and outcomes, making neuropsychological measures an essential tool for clinicians. Research has demonstrated that proactive semantic interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI) are sensitive to cognitive changes in early mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PET (Loewenstein et al., 2018; Matias‐Guiu et al., 2017; Curiel et al., 2019). These novel constructs are assessed by the LASSI‐L (Crocco et al., 2018; Crocco et al., 2020). The aim of the current study was to compare a new computerized version of this measure, the LASSI‐BC, to the standard paper‐and‐pencil version of the test. Method: 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 older adults diagnosed with amnestic MCI (aMCI) were administered the paper‐and‐pencil form of the LASSI‐L, whereas 62 CU and 52 aMCI participants were administered the LASSI‐BC. Their performance was compared to assess the validity of the LASSI‐BC to discriminate between different diagnostic groups. Result: To assess the validity of the computerized version, both the aMCI and CU groups were compared using χ2 test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables, with adjustment for covariates such as degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Notably, sensitivity and specificity of measures of PSI and frPSI on both versions were calculated to assess diagnostic validity, yielding the following Results Sensitivity of 86.5%, Specificity of 88.1%, and Overall Classification of 87.4% for the LASSI‐BC relative to a Sensitivity of 65.0%, Specificity of 83.6%, and Overall Classification of 75.8% obtained for the paper‐and‐pencil LASSI‐L. Conclusion: The LASSI‐BC displayed exceptionally high diagnostic validity which was comparable to the well‐established LASSI‐L. Notably, the advantages of the LASSI‐BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built‐in audio recording of responses. These findings support the LASSI‐BC, a novel computerized assessment, as an exceptional tool for the early identification of individuals at risk of progressing to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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138. Chinese Calligraphy Inspired Design of Humidity/Light Dual Responsive Magic Paper.
- Author
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Gao, Jushan, Zhao, Xinxin, Wen, Jinpeng, Hu, Datao, Li, Ruilin, and Wang, Ke
- Subjects
CALLIGRAPHY ,WEDDING decorations ,POLYVINYL butyral ,MAGIC ,CUT flowers ,HUMIDITY ,CARBON nanofibers - Abstract
Paper flowers are frequently, for example as indoor decorations and in wedding bouquets. But these traditional paper flowers can only maintain static conditions, greatly affecting their sensory effects, vividness, and appreciation. The design of novel paper flowers with dynamic shape deformation could effectively broaden the application of paper flowers. Here, inspired by Chinese calligraphy, a novel polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/carbon/cellulose composite (PCC) magic paper with a sandwiched structure is prepared. The hygroscopicity difference between hydrophobic PVB and hydrophilic cellulose layer endows the PCC paper with humidity responsiveness, and the maximum bending angle is up to 91.4° upon exposure to humidity environment. Carbon in the interlayer with strong light–heat conversion capacity could further accelerate water desorption and deformation speed, resulting in highly sensitive light responsiveness. The recovery time of PCC paper from maximum bending to the original flat state is shorter than 1 s. The PCC paper has good flexibility and processability, which can be cut and assembled into flowers with different shapes, and these unique magic flowers could freely bloom and furl upon external stimulus. All these results indicate that PCC paper has great potential in the production of magic props, artworks, and intelligent household decorations fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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139. Toilet paper and food waste in UASB reactors: A contribution to reducing the amount of conventional solid waste disposal.
- Author
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Gomes, Devson P. P., Figueiras, Manuella L., Machado, Simone, Fernandes, Bruna, and Gavazza, Sávia
- Subjects
WASTE paper ,WASTE management ,UPFLOW anaerobic sludge blanket reactors ,FOOD waste ,SOLID waste ,FOOD industrial waste - Abstract
The release of toilet paper (TP) and food waste (FW) in domestic sewage is a common practice in developed countries. Nevertheless, this practice has started to be used in developing countries where anaerobic digestion is applied. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the influence of the presence of TP and FW on the anaerobic digestion process in UASB reactors. During the experiment, two UASB reactors (8L) were fed with synthetic domestic sewage with the addition of toilet paper (TPR) and food waste (FWR) residues, respectively. In the first stage of the experiment (S‐I), the reactors operated with an organic load of 0.97 kg COD.m–3.d–1 (TPR) and 0.96 kgCOD.m–3.d–1 (FWR) and, in the second stage (S‐II), the quantities were increased to 1.58 kgCOD.m–3.d–1 (TPR) and 1.35 kgCOD.m–3.d–1 (FWR). In the experimental period of 110 days, the parameters total and filtered COD, series of solids, pH, alkalinity, and VFA were monitored. The mean removal of total COD was of 79±1% (S‐I) and 75±1% (S‐II) for TPR, and of 81±2% (S‐I) and 76±1% (S‐II) for FWR. Regarding VSS, the mean removal was of 94 ± 2% (S‐I) and 97 ± 1% (S‐II) for TPR, and of 95 ± 3% (S‐I) and 96 ± 1% (S‐II) for FWR. The VFA/TA ratio increased from S‐I (0.03 for TPR and FWR) to S‐II (0.17 to TPR and 0.10 to FWR), responding to the organic load increases, but still in the range of process stability. The added toilet paper or food waste were efficiently removed in both stages, reaching removals higher than 75%. In general, both reactors presented a good performance for the anaerobic process even under changes in organic load and influent composition. This experiment showed the feasibility of the combined treatment of TP or FW with domestic sewage in UASB reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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140. Paper industry slag for the production of building ceramics.
- Author
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Zalyhina, Volha, Cheprasova, Victoria, and Romanovski, Valentin
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,CERAMICS ,SAND ,HEAT treatment ,MOLDING of plastics ,SLAG - Abstract
Background: Re‐use of wastes as a part of sustainable development is one of the most important aspects of a healthy human life and environmental protection. This study examines the viability of using paper industry slag for the production of building ceramics. Results: Paper industry slag was used in the production of ceramic bricks as a burnable additive in amounts of 5, 10 and 15 wt%. The slag was introduced without and after three different preparatory operations: dried, dried and ground, granulated and dried. Clay was used as a raw material and quartz sand as a lean additive. The samples were made by plastic molding. Drying was carried out at a temperature of 100 °C. To determine the optimal heat treatment temperature, firing was carried out at 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C with holding at the maximum temperature for 30 min, followed by determination of the properties of the samples. Conclusions: It has been established that the samples obtained using the slag have good physical and mechanical properties and comply with current standards. At the same time, the use of slag in the production of ceramic bricks makes it possible to solve the problem of waste management, as well as to obtain a secondary material resource from the slag – a burnable additive, which leads to savings in raw materials and energy resources in the production of ceramic bricks. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Solar‐Boosted Paper‐Based Microfluidic Fuel Cells for Miniaturized Power Sources.
- Author
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Wang, Wei, Shen, Liu‐Liu, Yu, Hui, Xu, Wenkai, Wang, Jiansong, Yong, Cong, Zhang, Gui‐Rong, and Mei, Donghai
- Subjects
CAPILLARY flow ,FUEL cells ,SOLAR cells ,MICROFLUIDICS ,SOLAR energy ,POWER density - Abstract
Paper‐based microfluidics emerges as an innovative platform for constructing miniaturized electrochemical devices, which mainly benefit from the spontaneous capillary action of paper. Nevertheless, the capillary‐driven flow dynamics on paper are determined exclusively by the intrinsic properties of paper and fluidics, thus lacking the controllability that conventional pump‐based microfluidics can provide. Herein, an approach to regulating the capillary flow on paper is introduced by conjugating the outlets of microfluidic channels with a photothermal module for water evaporation. The capillary flow rate on paper can be handily regulated from 4 to 37 µL min−1 under controllable illumination conditions. As a proof‐of‐concept, prototypical paper‐based microfluidic fuel cells integrated with the photothermal module are constructed. Their peak power density can be boosted from 0.3 up to 2.1 mW cm−2 under the simulated sunlight irradiation. The influence of capillary flow rate on the fuel cell performance is further validated using multiphysics simulations. The present work not only provides a practically feasible method to boost the performance of paper‐based microfluidic fuel cells using solar energy, but also opens a new avenue for modulating the performance of paper‐based microfluidics, which has long been a challenge in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. Giant Humidity Effect of 2D Perovskite on Paper Substrate: Optoelectronic Performance and Mechanical Flexibility.
- Author
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Wang, He, Zhang, Xi, Ma, Yali, Wang, Mengke, and Wang, Jun
- Subjects
PEROVSKITE ,OPTOELECTRONIC devices ,HUMIDITY ,QUANTUM wells ,FILTER paper ,WEARABLE technology - Abstract
Flexible optoelectronic devices have attracted enormous attention as an essential component in next‐generation wearable devices. To meet the trend of biocompatibility, flexibility and low cost, paper‐based optoelectronic devices have become compelling candidates. Moreover, 2D organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have been extensively studied for the application in flexible optoelectronic devices owing to their long‐term moisture stability, optoelectronic tunability, and multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. Herein, the paper‐based flexible optoelectronic devices are designed by spin‐coating PEDOT:PSS and (iso‐BA)2MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 (n ≥ 1) on regular filter paper with responsivity of 2.62 mA W−1 and response time (τrise/τdecay) of 0.81/0.18 s at 35% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, the responsivity may be increased by 250% within the humidity range from 35% to 90%, and remains above 92% of the initial value after measured for 1800 s at 60% RH. This work can pave the way for further studies about the humidity effect on perovskites for next‐generation green wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Considerations for Human ADME Strategy and Design Paradigm Shift(s) – An Industry White Paper.
- Author
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Young, Graeme C., Spracklin, Douglas K., James, Alexander D., Hvenegaard, Mette G., Scarfe, Graeme, Wagner, David S., Georgi, Katrin, Schieferstein, Hanno, Bjornsdottir, Inga, van Groen, Bianca, Romeo, Andrea A., Cassidy, Kenneth C., Da‐violante, Georges, Bister, Bojan, Blech, Stefan, Lyer, Ramaswamy, Schulz, Simone I., Cuyckens, Filip, and Moliner, Patricia
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,CLINICAL pharmacology ,SMALL molecules ,HUMAN beings ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry - Abstract
The human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (hADME) study is the cornerstone of the clinical pharmacology package for small molecule drugs, providing comprehensive information on the rates and routes of disposition and elimination of drug‐related material in humans through the use of 14C‐labeled drug. Significant changes have already been made in the design of the hADME study for many companies, but opportunity exists to continue to re‐think both the design and timing of the hADME study in light of the potential offered by newer technologies, that enable flexibility in particular to reducing the magnitude of the radioactive dose used. This paper provides considerations on the variety of current strategies that exist across a number of pharmaceutical companies and on some of the ongoing debates around a potential move to the so called "human first/human only" approach, already adopted by at least one company. The paper also provides a framework for continuing the discussion in the application of further shifts in the paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Degree of polymerisation estimation for insulation paper immersed in silicone oil using frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy.
- Author
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Zhou, Lijun, Zhang, Jun, Li, Zhixin, Wen, Rongting, Wang, Dongyang, Wu, Jiekang, and Tang, Huiling
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Influence of oil–paper configuration on electric field distribution of main insulation structure on valve‐side winding of UHV‐DC converter transformer.
- Author
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Yang, Lijun, Cheng, Zhidong, Cheng, Li, and Liao, Ruijin
- Subjects
ELECTRIC windings ,ELECTRIC insulators & insulation ,ELECTRIC fields ,CARDBOARD ,PAPER - Abstract
The main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding of converter transformer bears the effect of AC and DC superimposed voltage during operation. The electric field intensity in the pressboard is much higher than that in the pressboard in the AC transformer. This condition increases the probability of failure of insulation structure. Therefore, the design and optimization of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding are keys to ensure the stable operation of converter transformer. This study establishes a model of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding of the ±1100 kV converter transformer. The influence of the insulating oil–paper configuration on the electric field distribution of the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding is analysed, and then, an optimization idea is proposed. The oil–paper configuration includes two aspects: oil–paper insulation structural design and combination selection, that is, the influence of typical oil–paper structural design parameters and the aging state of different oil–paper combinations on the electric field distribution. Finally, the optimization idea of the oil–paper configuration for valve‐side winding of converter transformer is obtained, and the established model is optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Smoldering suppression and synergistic effect of alginate fiber‐based composite paper by flame‐retardant lyocell fiber.
- Author
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Xu, Kai, He, Yaqi, Tian, Xing, Wang, Bingbing, Cao, Ying, Wang, Bin, Xia, Yanzhi, and Quan, Fengyu
- Subjects
HEAT of combustion ,ALGINIC acid ,FLAMMABLE limits ,FLAMMABILITY ,ALGINATES ,FOURIER analysis ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
The application of traditional cellulosic paper is limited because of its flammability, so it is necessary to explore new materials that can be used in the field of flame‐retardant paper. Based on the synergistic effect between fibers, flame‐retardant lyocell (FRL) and calcium alginate (FRL/Ca‐Alg) composite paper is prepared by a simple but efficient method. The thermal degradation process of the composite paper is analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) and TG analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared, the flame retardancy of the composite paper is analyzed by vertical flammability (VF) tests, limiting oxygen index test and cone calorimetry test, and the morphology of the residue after VF tests is observed by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that, the Ca‐Alg releases a large amount of CO2 before ignited, which delayed the ignited time of the composite paper; FRL reduces the effective combustion heat of composite paper during combustion, and the compact char formed by FRL effectively inhibits the smoldering of Ca‐Alg in the end stage of combustion. Based on these, the synergistic flame‐retardant effect of composite paper is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. A semi-quantitative job exposure matrix for dust exposures in Swedish soft tissue paper mills.
- Author
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Neitzel RL, Andersson M, Lohman S, Sällsten G, Torén K, and Andersson E
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- Humans, Manufacturing Industry, Sweden, Air Pollutants, Occupational analysis, Dust analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Occupational Exposure analysis, Paper
- Abstract
Background: Total paper dust exposure has been associated with respiratory problems among workers in the soft tissue paper industry. However, a comprehensive job exposure matrix (JEM) has not been developed for application to this industry. Our study was intended to address this need and to support further studies of mortality and morbidity in a cohort of Swedish workers from this industry., Methods: We evaluated four participating soft tissue paper mills in Sweden. We combined information on process and equipment status from the mills with knowledge of the mills obtained through research efforts and paper dust measurements made at all four mills to develop a semi-quantitative JEM with seven dust exposure levels. The JEM was targeted at workers enrolled into a soft tissue paper mill cohort and working any time between 1960 and 2009., Results: The JEM includes a total of 14 421 cells, with each cell corresponding to the exposure for a job title, department, or work location for a one-year period. Exposure levels in the JEM were estimated to decline at three of the four mills from 1971 to 2009, but overexposures (ie, exceedances of the relevant occupational exposure limits) remained common at the end of the period., Conclusions: The JEM results highlight the need for ongoing exposure control efforts in the soft tissue paper industry, and will inform ongoing epidemiological studies of the health effects of exposure to paper dust in Sweden. It is freely available for use by other researchers., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
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148. Strategic detection of food contaminants using nanoparticle‐based paper sensors.
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Singh, Karanveer, Aulakh, Navneet Singh, and Prakash, Bhanu
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- *
POLLUTANTS , *FOOD contamination , *DETECTORS , *NANOPARTICLES , *SUPPLY & demand , *NANOPARTICLES manufacturing - Abstract
Food is necessary for survival, and contamination can shorten humans' lives on Earth in all dimensions. Real‐time screening of food pollutants, such as toxins, infectious agents, and chemical contaminants, is in high demand today. Thus, a cost‐effective and ecologically benign technology must be developed to detect food contamination in a rapid fashion. Nanoparticle (NP)‐based paper sensors are one of the most important alternatives to traditional methods because these are simple, inexpensive, highly selective, and sensitive tools. This article provides an overview of NP‐based paper sensor techniques for detecting toxic food contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Clinical decision support versus a paper‐based protocol for massive transfusion: Impact on decision outcomes in a simulation study.
- Author
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Sanderson, Brenton J., Field, Jeremy D., Kocaballi, Ahmet B., Estcourt, Lise J., Magrabi, Farah, Wood, Erica M., and Coiera, Enrico
- Subjects
- *
CLINICAL decision support systems , *COGNITIVE load , *MEDICAL simulation - Abstract
Background: Management of major hemorrhage frequently requires massive transfusion (MT) support, which should be delivered effectively and efficiently. We have previously developed a clinical decision support system (CDS) for MT using a multicenter multidisciplinary user‐centered design study. Here we examine its impact when administering a MT. Study Design and Methods: We conducted a randomized simulation trial to compare a CDS for MT with a paper‐based MT protocol for the management of simulated hemorrhage. A total of 44 specialist physicians, trainees (residents), and nurses were recruited across critical care to participate in two 20‐min simulated bleeding scenarios. The primary outcome was the decision velocity (correct decisions per hour) and overall task completion. Secondary outcomes included cognitive workload and System Usability Scale (SUS). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in decision velocity for CDS‐based management (mean 8.5 decisions per hour) compared to paper based (mean 6.9 decisions per hour; p.003, 95% CI 0.6–2.6). There was no significant difference in the overall task completion using CDS‐based management (mean 13.3) compared to paper‐based (mean 13.2; p.92, 95% CI ‐1.2–1.3). Cognitive workload was statistically significantly lower using the CDS compared to the paper protocol (mean 57.1 vs. mean 64.5, p.005, 95% CI 2.4–12.5). CDS usability was assessed as a SUS score of 82.5 (IQR 75–87.5). Discussion: Compared to paper‐based management, CDS‐based MT supports more time‐efficient decision‐making by users with limited CDS training and achieves similar overall task completion while reducing cognitive load. Clinical implementation will determine whether the benefits demonstrated translate to improved patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Paper wasps larval formations from the perspective of physics.
- Author
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Priyanto, Aan, Ahmad Hapidin, Dian, Xaveriano Waresindo, William, Susanto, Susanto, Prasetya Aji, Mahardika, and Khairurrijal, Khairurrijal
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- *
WASPS , *NEST building , *CENTER of mass , *PHYSICS , *PERIODICAL publishing - Abstract
This article, published in the journal Insect Science, examines the nesting behavior of paper wasps from a physics perspective. The study focuses on how paper wasps arrange their larvae within the nest to achieve mechanical stability. By analyzing various paper wasp nests in Central Java, Indonesia, the study finds that the closer the distance between the center of mass of the larval system and the center of mass of the nest, the more stable the nest becomes. The findings suggest that paper wasps strategically arrange their larvae to achieve equilibrium in their nests. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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