Search

Superconductivity becomes more interesting when it encounters dimensional constraint or topology because it is of importance for exploring exotic quantum phenomena or developing superconducting electronics. Here, the coexistence of naturally formed surface superconducting state and 3D topological Dirac state in single crystals of BaMg2Bi2 is reported. The electronic structure obtained from the first‐principles calculations demonstrates that BaMg2Bi2 is an ideal Dirac material, in which the Dirac point is very close to the Fermi level and no other energy band crosses the Fermi level. Superconductivity up to 4.77−−5.17 K can be observed under ambient pressure in the measurements of resistivity. The anisotropic upper critical field and angle dependent magnetoresistance reveals the 2D characteristic of superconductivity, indicating that superconductivity occurs on the surface of the sample and is absent in the bulk state. The study not only provides BaMg2Bi2 as a suitable platform to study the interplay between superconductivity and topological Dirac state but also indicates that MgBi‐based materials may be a promising system for exploring new superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Functional Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An optimized approach to producing lattice‐matched heterointerfaces for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution has not yet been reported. Herein, we present the synthesis of lattice‐matched Mo2C−Mo2N heterostructures using a gradient heating epitaxial growth method. The well lattice‐matched heterointerface of Mo2C−Mo2N generates near‐zero hydrogen‐adsorption free energy and facilitates water dissociation in acid and alkaline media. The lattice‐matched Mo2C−Mo2N heterostructures have low overpotentials of 73 mV and 80 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acid and alkaline solutions, respectively, comparable to commercial Pt/C. A novel photothermal‐electrocatalytic water vapor splitting device using the lattice‐matched Mo2C−Mo2N heterostructure as a hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst displays a competitive cell voltage for electrocatalytic water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to sensory and motor dysfunction. Two major factors that hinder spinal cord repair are local inflammation and glial scar formation after SCI, and thus appropriate immunotherapy may alleviate damage. To characterize changes in gene expression that occur during SCI and thereby identify putative targets for immunotherapy, here we analyzed the dataset GSE5296 (containing one control group and six SCI groups at different timepoints) to identify differentially‐expressed genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed and a protein–protein interaction network was created to identify possible hub genes. Finally, we performed quantitative PCR to verify changes in gene expression. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze innate immune cell infiltration patterns. The dataset GSE162610 (containing one control group and three SCI groups at different timepoints) was analyzed to evaluate innate immune cell infiltration at the single‐cell level. The dataset GSE151371 (containing one control group [n = 10] and an SCI group [n = 38]) was used to detect the expression of hub genes in the blood from SCI patients. Differentially‐expressed innate immune‐related genes at each timepoint were identified, and the functions and related signaling pathways of these genes were examined. Six hub genes were identified and verified. We then analyzed the expression characteristics of these hub genes and characteristics of innate immune infiltration in SCI; finally, we examined ligand expression in the context of the CCL signaling pathway and COMPLEMENT signaling pathway networks. This study reveals the characteristics of innate immune cell infiltration and temporal expression patterns of hub genes, and may aid in the development of immunotherapies for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicopathologic features of an MXI1::NUTM1 fusion neoplasm; a new molecular variant of the family of NUTM1-rearranged neoplasm I NUTM1 i -rearranged neoplasms (NRNs) have been identified in a variety of tumours, including NUT carcinomas (NC), sarcoma, porocarcinoma, and lymphoma.1,2 NC is an aggressive type of poorly differentiated carcinoma with a dismal prognosis,3 and commonly located in the chest or head and neck midline regions. Tumour cells had ovoid nuclei with vesicular chromatin, single small but prominent nucleoli, and a small to moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm, some with a more prominent rhabdoid appearance. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] gl Characterization of this tumour by immunohistochemical (IHC) showed some tumour cells expressed NUT protein in a strong fashion, and some had faint NUT staining (Figure 2A). [Extracted from the article]

Herein, CoCrxCuFeMnNi (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, in molar ratio) high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are prepared through vacuum hot‐pressing sintering. The influences of Cr content on the microstructure and the corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution are studied. The alloys are mainly composed of two face‐centered cubic (FCC) phases, namely, Cr–Co–Fe–Mn–Ni (or Co–Fe–Mn–Ni)‐rich FCC1 phase and Cu–Mn–Ni‐rich FCC2 phase. With the increase of Cr content, The FCC1‐phase area expands and the FCC2 phase area shrinks. In 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion current density (icorr) and average corrosion rate (Vcorr) of the HEAs decrease with the increase in Cr content. The icorr and Vcorr of Cr2.0 alloy are lower at 1.87 × 10−6A cm−2 and 0.02 mm year−1, respectively. The increase of transfer resistance (Rp) and decrease of relative thickness (CPE1−1) of the passivation film indicate that the more difficult it is for ions in the corrosive medium to pass through the capacitor layer, the better the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Improvement of the corrosion resistance is mainly due to the formation of denser Cr2O3 passivation film and reduction of the segregation degree of Cu in the FCC2 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is among the most prevalent dental diseases globally, which arises from the formation of microbial biofilm on teeth. Besides, tooth whitening represents one of the fastest‐growing areas of cosmetic dentistry. It will thus be great if tooth biofilm eradication can be combined with tooth whitening. Herein, a highly efficient photodynamic dental therapy strategy is reported for tooth biofilm eradication and tooth discoloration by employing a photosensitizer (DTTPB) with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics. DTTPB can efficiently inactivate S. mutans, and inhibit biofilm formation by suppressing the expression of genes associated with extracellular polymeric substance synthesis, bacterial adhesion, and superoxide reduction. Its inhibition performance can be further enhanced through combined treatment with chlorhexidine. Besides, DTTPB exhibits an excellent tooth‐discoloration effect on both colored saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite and clinical teeth, with short treatment time (less than 1 h), better tooth‐whitening performance than 30% hydrogen peroxide, and almost no damage to the teeth. DTTPB also demonstrates excellent biocompatibility with neglectable hemolysis effect on mouse red blood cells and almost no killing effect on mammalian cells, which enables its potential applications for simultaneous tooth biofilm eradication and tooth whitening in clinical dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D hierarchical porous Fe, N‐doped hollow carbon nano‐spheres (Fe−N−C HPNCs) as efficient ORR electrocatalyst were obtained using melamine‐formaldehyde resin (MF) nanospheres as thermal sacrificial hard template to optimize the pore structure and provide nitrogen source to the catalyst. The optimized Fe−N−C HPNCs catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity with onset (Eonset) and half‐wave (E1/2) potential (Eonset=1.07 V; E1/2=0.90 V vs. RHE) superior to commercial Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M KOH solution, and demonstrated excellent stability. When applied as cathode electro‐catalyst in a Zn‐air battery, it produced maximum power density (Pmax) of 127 mW cm−2, which is higher than that of commercial Pt/C (Pmax=119 mW cm−2). It also showed good activity (Eonset=0.89 V; E1/2=0.78 V) in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte with significantly enhanced stability (ΔE1/2=−7 mV) relative to the Pt/C catalyst (ΔE1/2=−27 mV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Nitrogen‐containing compounds are ubiquitously found in the fields of organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, medicinal chemistry and functional materials. The C—H bond amination reaction is one of the most straightforward protocols in the C—N bond formation, showing "step" and "atomic" economy. As a catalyst for C—H amination reaction, copper exhibits its unique catalytic properties due to easily accessible oxidation states. The research progress of copper‐catalyzed C—H amination in recent years is summarized. At the same time, reaction mechanisms are also briefly described in representative aminations to provide insights for the development prospects of highly practical and more environmentally benign processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on field investigations, interpretations of high‐resolution UAV images, and analyses of available InSAR data, we mapped the fault geometry and surface ruptures of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake that occurred on a low‐activity strike‐slip fault within the Tibetan Plateau. The results indicate that (a) the earthquake activated a fault that is ∼161 km long and has complicated structural geometry; (b) the surface rupture occurs over a distance of 148 km, but is separated into three distinct segments by two large gaps (38 and 20 km, respectively); (c) within the surface‐rupture segments, the horizontal and vertical displacements are typically 0.2–2.6 m (much lower than the InSAR‐based slip maximum of 2–6 m at depth) and ≤0.4 m, respectively. The two large gaps of the Maduo surface rupture represent the two largest surface‐rupture discontinuities of strike‐slip earthquakes ever documented, and coincide with structurally complicated fault portions and near‐surface soft sediments. Plain Language Summary: Evaluating the seismic potential of low‐activity strike‐slip faults is commonly challenging because of (a) the difficulty in mapping of causative fault geometry that has subtle topographic expression, and (b) limited fault slip at the surface (relative to that at depth) produced by each earthquake. Our investigation of the 2021 Maduo earthquake demonstrates that, along the low‐activity strike‐slip fault, laterally significant gaps (up to 40 km wide) may separate extensive co‐seismically ruptured regions on either end of such gaps, which can thereby compromise typical methodologies used to assess paleoseismic ruptures and may lead to underestimates of seismic hazard. This observation increases the challenge of assessing the seismic potential of low‐activity strike‐slip faults. Key Points: The Maduo earthquake activated a 161‐km‐long strike‐slip fault with subtle topographic expression and complicated structural geometryThe surface rupture occurs over a distance of 148 km, but includes two large gaps that are 38 and 20 km, respectivelyWithin the surface‐rupture segments, the horizontal slip is 0.2–2.6 m, much lower than the InSAR‐based slip maximum of 2–6 m [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current low‐temperature plasma (LTP) devices essentially use a rare gas source with a short working distance (8 to 20 mm), low gas flow rate (0.12 to 0.3 m3/h), and small effective treatment area (1‐5 cm2), limiting the applications for which LTP can be utilised in clinical therapy. In the present study, a novel type of LTP equipment was developed, having the advantages of a free gas source (surrounding air), long working distance (8 cm), high gas flow rate (10 m3/h), large effective treatment area (20 cm2), and producing an abundance of active substances (NOγ, OH, N2, and O), effectively addressing the shortcomings of current LTP devices. Furthermore, it has been verified that the novel LTP device displays therapeutic efficacy in terms of acceleration of wound healing in normal and Type I diabetic rats, with enhanced wound kinetics, rate of condensation of wound area, and recovery ratio. Cellular and molecular analysis indicated that LTP treatment significantly reduced inflammation and enhanced re‐epithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, neovascularization, and expression of TGF‐β, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in Type I diabetic rats. In conclusion, the novel LTP device provides a convenient and efficient tool for the treatment of clinical wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersal plays a vital role in the geographical distribution, population genetic structure, quantity dynamics, and evolution of a species. Sex‐biased dispersal is common among vertebrates and many studies have documented a tendency toward male‐biased dispersal in mammals and female‐biased dispersal in birds. However, dispersal patterns in reptiles remain poorly understood. In this study, we explored the genetic diversity and dispersal patterns of the widely distributed Asian pitviper Protobothrops mucrosquamatus. In total, 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci were screened in 150 snakes (48 males, 44 females, 58 samples without sex information) covering most of their distribution. Microsatellite analysis revealed high genetic diversity in P. mucrosquamatus. Bayesian clustering of population assignment identified two major clusters for all populations, somewhat inconsistent with the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of P. mucrosquamatus reported in previous research. Analyses based on 92 sex‐determined and 37 samples of P. mucrosquamatus from three small sites in Sichuan, China (Mingshan, Yibin, and Zizhong) consistently suggested female‐biased dispersal in P. mucrosquamatus, which is the first example of this pattern in snakes. The female‐biased dispersal patterns in P. mucrosquamatus may be explained by local resource competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct understanding of the behavior of highly stripped ions immersed in a dense plasma environment is a hitherto challenge for theory and it is of importance in various applications. Here, we developed four kinds of novel theoretical models to the determination of the spectral properties and collision dynamics of H‐like ions in dense and hot plasmas by employing the analytical potential [Li et al., Phys. Plasmas2019, 26, 033301] to describe the interactions among the charged particles: (i) The electron photon processes in plasma model within the relativistic scheme; (ii) The multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock model within the framework of relativistic self‐consistent iteration approximation; (iii) The generalized pseudospectral method within the relativistic framework; and (iv) An analytic formula based on the Hartree–Fock method and the irreducible tensor theory within the non‐relativistic regime, derived from a solution of Schrödinger equation. As a typical example, energy eigenvalues, radiative transition properties, spectral line shifts, and electron impact excitation and ionization cross sections of the selected N6+ and Ne9+ ions are determined for several temperature‐density cases, characteristic of inertial confinement fusion plasmas. A comparison of these results with each other and the results from earlier calculations as well as with the available experimental data is provided. Systematic trend is determined for all the properties under study concerning increased screening. The present study not only extends our understanding of the dense plasma shielding effects, but also opens the way for future investigations allowing accurate predictions of spectral properties of ions in dense and hot plasmas aimed at providing precision data for various practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has drawn widespread attention in recent years, regulatable phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (PRET) supramolecular switch is still rare. Herein, single molecular dual‐fold supramolecular light switches, which are constructed by phenylpyridinium salts modified diarylethene derivatives (DTE‐Cn, n = 3, 5) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) are reported. Significantly, biaxial [3]pseudorotaxane displayed efficiently reversible RTP after binding with CB[8] and the phosphorescence quenching efficiency is calculated up to be 99%. Furthermore, the binary supramolecular assembly can coassemble with Cy5 to form ternary supramolecular assembly showing efficiently PRET, which is successfully applied in switchable near infrared (NIR) mitochondria‐targeted cell imaging and photocontrolled data encryption. This supramolecular strategy involving energy transfer provides a convenient approach for phosphorescent application in biology and material fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3‐Alkylated coumarins have many applications in medicinal chemistry, however, methods access to such structures are still limited. Herein, we report a site‐selective photocatalytic deaminative alkylation of coumarins utilizing pyridinium‐activated aliphatic primary amines as alkylation reagents. The protocol was highlighted by its mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and broad functional group compatibility. Moreover, this strategy enables late‐stage modification of some pharmaceuticals and natural products, thus providing an appealing approach to valuable molecules in medicinal chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objectives: This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of intravenous voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction and to explore the optimal dosing strategies in specific clinical scenarios for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by common Aspergillus and Candida species. Design: Prospective pharmacokinetics study. Setting: The intensive care unit in a tertiary‐care medical center. Patients: A total of 297 plasma VRC concentrations from 26 critically ill patients with liver dysfunction were included in the PPK analysis. Methods: Model‐based simulations with therapeutic range of 2–6 mg/L as the plasma trough concentration (Cmin) target and the free area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to 24 h (ƒAUC24) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (ie, ƒAUC24/MIC) ≥25 as the effective target were performed to optimize VRC dosing regimens for Child‐Pugh class A and B (CP‐A/B) and Child‐Pugh class C (CP‐C) patients. Results: A two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination adequately described the data. Significant covariates in the final model were body weight on both central and peripheral distribution volume and Child‐Pugh class on clearance. Intravenous VRC loading dose of 5 mg/kg every 12 h (q12h) for the first day was adequate for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients to attain the Cmin target at 24 h. The maintenance dose regimens of 100 mg q12h or 200 mg q24h for CP‐A/B patients and 50 mg q12h or 100 mg q24h for CP‐C patients could obtain the probability of effective target attainment of >90% at an MIC ≤0.5 mg/L and achieve the cumulative fraction of response of >90% against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus. Additionally, the daily VRC doses could be increased by 50 mg for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients at an MIC of 1 mg/L, with plasma Cmin monitored closely to avoid serious adverse events. It is recommended that an appropriate alternative antifungal agent or a combination therapy could be adopted when an MIC ≥2 mg/L is reported, or when the infection is caused by C. tropicalis but the MIC value is not available. Conclusions: For critically ill patients with liver dysfunction, the loading dose of intravenous VRC should be reduced to 5 mg/kg q12h. Additionally, based on the types of fungal pathogens and their susceptibility to VRC, the adjusted maintenance dose regimens with lower doses or longer dosing intervals should be considered for CP‐A/B and CP‐C patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross‐electrophile coupling has emerged as a promising tool for molecular synthesis; however, current studies have focused mainly on forging C−C bonds. We report a cross‐electrophile C−Ge coupling reaction and thereby demonstrate the possibility of constructing organogermanes from carbon electrophiles and chlorogermanes. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and offers access to both aryl and alkenyl germanes. Electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and ortho‐/meta‐/para‐substituted (hetero)aryl electrophiles, as well as cyclic and acyclic alkenyl electrophiles, were coupled. Gram‐scale reaction, incorporation of the ‐GeR3 moiety into complex biologically active molecules, and derivatization of formed organogermanes are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although photocatalytic overall water splitting is a potential technology for converting solar energy into chemical fuel, the widely reported solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency is around 1%, indicating unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. Here, a novel photocatalyst material is designed and a whole reaction system is constructed, resulting in an integrative photothermal–photocatalytic Z‐scheme overall water splitting reaction system. In terms of materials design, a novel sulfur‐deficient ZnIn2S4/oxygen‐deficient WO3 (ZIS–WO) hybrid with surface‐carbonized wood (C‐wood) is reported. The ZIS–WO hybrid with sulfur and oxygen vacancies promotes the adsorption of visible light and the separation of charge carriers. The conductive C‐wood is strategically used as an additional electron bridge to accelerate electron transfer. In terms of system construction, the C‐wood exploits the photothermal effect to change the solid/liquid/gas triphase system to a solid/gas biphase system by transforming liquid water into steam, which drastically restrains carrier recombination, and decreases the photocatalytic reaction barrier. The H2 and O2 production rates in the proposed system are approximately 169.2 and 82.5 µmol h–1 under air mass (AM) 1.5 light irradiation, and the corresponding solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency is as high as 1.52%. The study from photocatalyst design to reaction system construct opens a new insight for versatile and high‐performance photocatalytic overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully solve polymorphs A and B of zeolite EMM‐17, which can only crystallize in sub‐micrometer‐sized crystals while containing complex stacking disorders, from the three‐dimensional (3D) electron diffraction (ED) data. This is the first time that the atomic structure of this polymorph has been ab initio solved, and the result reveals a unique 10(12)×10(12)×11‐ring channel system. Moreover, we acquire the first atomic‐resolution images of EMM‐17 using integrated differential phase‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. The images allow us to directly observe polymorphs B and C and discover a large number of local structural defects. Based on structural features unraveled from the reciprocal‐space 3D ED data and real‐space images, we propose a series of energetically feasible local structures in EMM‐17. We also demonstrate that the unique porous structure of EMM‐17 enables efficient kinetic separation of C6 alkane isomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the scaled‐up manufacturing and efficient drug loading of exosomes are two existing challenges limiting the clinical translation of exosome‐based drug delivery. Herein, a facile magnetic extrusion method is developed for preparing endosome‐derived vesicles, also known as exosome mimetics (EMs), which share the same biological origin and similar morphology, composition, and biofunctions with native exosomes. The high yield and consistency of this magnetic extrusion method help to overcome the manufacturing bottleneck in exosome research. Moreover, the proposed standardized multi‐step method readily facilitates the ammonium sulfate gradient approach to actively load chemodrugs such as doxorubicin into EMs. The engineered EMs developed and tested here exhibit comparable drug delivery properties as do native exosomes, and potently inhibit tumor growth by delivering doxorubicin in an orthotopic breast tumor model. These findings demonstrate that EMs can be prepared in a facile and scaled‐up manner as a promising biological nanomedicine for cancer drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting evidence supports that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play important roles in maintaining the integrity of normal brains, and that their dysfunction is the etiology of numerous severe neurological diseases. OPCs exhibit diverse heterogeneity in the adult brain, and distinct germinal zones of the embryonic brain contribute to OPC genesis. However, it remains obscure whether developmental origins shape OPC heterogeneity in the adult brain. Here, an in vivo clonal analysis approach is developed to address this. By combining OPC‐specific transgenes, in utero electroporation, and the PiggyBac transposon system, the lineages of individual neonatal OPCs derived from either dorsal or ventral embryonic germinal zones are traced, and the landscape of their trajectories is comprehensively described throughout development. Surprisingly, despite behaving indistinguishably in the brain before weaning, dorsally derived OPCs continuously expand throughout life, but ventrally derived OPCs eventually diminish. Importantly, clonal analysis supports the existence of an intrinsic cellular "clock" to control OPC expansion. Moreover, knockout of NF1 could circumvent the distinction of ventrally derived OPCs in the adult brain. Together, this work shows the importance of in vivo clonal analysis in studying stem/progenitor cell heterogeneity, and reveals that developmental origins play a role in determining OPC fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective isolation of phosphoproteins is of great significance in biological applications. Herein, titanium dioxide‐functionalized dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are prepared via a post‐grafting method for selective capture of phosphoproteins. The fabricated nanoparticles possess a unique central‐radial pore structure with a surface area of 666.66 m2/g and a pore size of 22.2 nm. The high‐binding affinity of TiO2 with the phosphate groups facilitates the selective adsorption of phosphoproteins. Moreover, the open central‐radial pore structure endows the dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles with better adsorption performance toward phosphoproteins with respect to the commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide‐functionalized conventional mesoporous silica nanoparticles by providing more accessible affinity sites. At pH 2, an adsorption capacity of 157.2 mg/g is derived for β‐casein. The feasibility of the as‐prepared dendritic material in real biological sample assay is demonstrated by the selective isolation of phosphoproteins from defatted milk, as illustrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotor blades are the most important and most expensive part of a wind turbine; their dynamic behavior is of great significance for maintenance planning and safe operation. In this study, the effect of mistuning on the vibration modes of rotor blades was investigated, with a focus on the mode localization of linear time‐varying wind turbine rotors. And the significance of the work lies in finding that the mode localization may aggravate the blade damage and potentially reduced fatigue life of the blade. The rotating blades were approximated as cantilever Bernoulli–Euler beams, and the flapwise and edgewise modes of each blade were considered. The Lagrangian method was employed to derive the linear time‐varying dynamic equations of the wind turbine rotor. A wind turbine rotor was mistuned because of slight fluctuations in the blade stiffness; subsequently, Floquet analysis was employed for modal decomposition of a mistuned wind turbine rotor, and the mechanism of mode localization was examined in depth. Numerical simulation results indicated that slight mistuning of a single blade is sufficient for triggering mode localization. The effects of the magnitude of the blade mistuning and rotor speed on the severity of mode localization were analyzed. Finally, different quantitative measures were considered for characterizing the degree of mode localization in mistuned wind turbine rotors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Nanoparticles can improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Concomitant intake of food can affect pharmacokinetic profiles by altering dissolution, absorption, metabolism, and elimination behavior. Studies on the effects of food and its supplements on the bioavailability of bioactives in nanoformulations are few. In this study, the effects of typical food (milk, sugar, high‐fat diet, and regular kibble) and a widely consumed probiotic [Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12® (Bb‐12)] on the bioavailability of curcumin in four formulations [simply suspended curcumin (Cur‐SS) and curcumin in nanoemulsions (Cur‐NEs), in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Cur‐SWNTs), and in nanostructured lipid carriers (Cur‐NLCs)] were investigated. RESULTS: Fasting treatment and sugar co‐ingestion can significantly enhance the bioavailability of curcumin in Cur‐NEs and Cur‐SWNTs, respectively. Compared with the fasting treatment, co‐ingestion with regular kibble reduced the absorption of curcumin in Cur‐NEs and Cur‐SWNTs. Ingesting milk along with Cur‐NE is also not recommended. The mechanisms behind these phenomena were briefly discussed. This study revealed for the first time that the intestinal colonization of Bb‐12 reduces the bioavailability of curcumin and this reduction can be attenuated by nanoformulations SWNTs and NLCs, but not NEs. The reason for this difference was the protective effects of the former two nanoformulations against curcumin degradation by Bb‐12 according to in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION: Dietary status (including supplementary probiotics) can dramatically influence the bioavailability of curcumin in nanoformulations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a subclass of biological nanoparticles secreted by most cell types. Once secreted, EVs can travel long distances to deliver their content to target cells thereby playing a key role in cell‐to‐cell communication and supporting both physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, the functional versatility of EVs has come to be more widely appreciated. Their heterogeneous structure encloses solubilized bioactive cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. EVs mirror the secreting cell in composition therefore representing a novel source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their unique structure, EVs constitute a promising class of biocompatible nanovehicles for drug delivery as well. Importantly, and of burgeoning interest, is the fact that EVs have the intrinsic ability to breach biological barriers including the complex blood–brain barrier (BBB), whose restrictive nature represents a significant therapeutic challenge. EVs have been shown to contribute to the progression of a variety of brain diseases including metastatic brain cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute pathologies including infections and ischemia. In this review, the role of EVs in the maintenance and regulation of the BBB under normal physiological and pathologic conditions are discussed. Applications of EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic tools in the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system are presented as are limitations hindering their broad translation and potential solutions to resolve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of crustal material is thought to introduce pyroxenite to the peridotite mantle. Mapping such lithological heterogeneity within the mantle is crucial to understanding the mantle's chemical evolution but remains challenging. By sampling the mantle source, intraplate basaltic melts provide a unique chance to reveal lithological heterogeneity within the mantle. We train machine learning (ML) models with major oxide data of experimental peridotite and pyroxenite melts to help reveal the mantle source lithology of basaltic rocks. The ML models can predict source lithologies from major oxide information with an accuracy larger than 94%. As a case study, we predict source lithology of the Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in Northeast China. Our ML models suggest that pyroxenite dominates the mantle source of basaltic rocks sitting above the stagnant Pacific slab while peridotite dominates the source of the basaltic rocks located west of the slab tip, consistent with previous studies using other approaches. Our ML models could potentially be used to infer mantle source lithologies of basaltic rocks from other regions around the world. Key Points: We train machine learning (ML) models to reveal the mantle source compositions of basaltic rocksSource lithology distributions of basalts in NE China predicted by the ML models are consistent with previous studiesPyroxenite and peridotite may dominate the mantle source of basaltic rocks above and off the stagnant Pacific slab, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential in many life processes and energy conversion systems. It is desirable to design transition metal molecular catalysts inspired by enzymatic oxygen activation/reduction processes as an alternative to noble‐metal‐Pt‐based ORR electrocatalysts, especially in view point of fuel cell commercialization. We have fabricated bio‐inspired molecular catalysts electrografted onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in which 5,10,15,20‐tetra(pentafluorophenyl) iron porphyrin (iron porphyrin FeF20TPP) is coordinated with covalently electrografted axial ligands varying from thiophene to imidazole on the MWCNTs' surface. The catalysts' electrocatalytic activity varied with the axial coordination environment (i. e. S‐thiophene, N‐imidazole, and O‐carboxylate); the imidazole‐coordinated catalyst MWCNTs‐Im‐FeF20TPP exhibited the highest ORR activity among the prepared catalysts. When MWCNT‐Im‐FeF20TPP was loaded onto the cathode of a zinc−air battery, an open‐cell voltage (OCV) of 1.35 V and a maximum power density (Pmax) of 110 mW cm−2 were achieved; this was higher than those of MWCNTs‐Thi‐FeF20TPP (OCV=1.30 V, Pmax=100 mW cm−2) and MWCNTs‐Ox‐FeF20TPP (OCV=1.28 V, Pmax=86 mW cm−2) and comparable with a commercial Pt/C catalyst (OCV=1.45 V, Pmax=120 mW cm−2) under similar experimental conditions. This study provides a time‐saving method to prepare covalently immobilized molecular electrocatalysts on carbon‐based materials with structure–performance correlation that is also applicable to the design of other electrografted catalysts for energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camera traps often produce massive images, and empty images that do not contain animals are usually overwhelming. Deep learning is a machine‐learning algorithm and widely used to identify empty camera trap images automatically. Existing methods with high accuracy are based on millions of training samples (images) and require a lot of time and personnel costs to label the training samples manually. Reducing the number of training samples can save the cost of manually labeling images. However, the deep learning models based on a small dataset produce a large omission error of animal images that many animal images tend to be identified as empty images, which may lead to loss of the opportunities of discovering and observing species. Therefore, it is still a challenge to build the DCNN model with small errors on a small dataset. Using deep convolutional neural networks and a small‐size dataset, we proposed an ensemble learning approach based on conservative strategies to identify and remove empty images automatically. Furthermore, we proposed three automatic identifying schemes of empty images for users who accept different omission errors of animal images. Our experimental results showed that these three schemes automatically identified and removed 50.78%, 58.48%, and 77.51% of the empty images in the dataset when the omission errors were 0.70%, 1.13%, and 2.54%, respectively. The analysis showed that using our scheme to automatically identify empty images did not omit species information. It only slightly changed the frequency of species occurrence. When only a small dataset was available, our approach provided an alternative to users to automatically identify and remove empty images, which can significantly reduce the time and personnel costs required to manually remove empty images. The cost savings were comparable to the percentage of empty images removed by models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic water splitting coupled with the production of highly value‐added organic chemicals is of significant importance, which represents a very promising pathway for transforming green solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report a composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL‐53‐SO3Ni1/2, which is highly efficient on prompting water splitting for the production of H2 in the reduction half‐reaction and selective oxidation of organic molecules for the production of highly value‐added organic chemicals in the oxidation half‐reaction under visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic properties of the composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL‐53‐SO3Ni1/2 should be ascribed to coating suspended ion catalyst (SIC), consisting of redox‐active NiII ions in the anionic pores of coordination network MIL‐53‐SO3−, on the surface of photoactive CdIn2S4, which endows photogenerated electron‐hole pairs separate more efficiently for high rate production of H2 and selective production of highly value‐added organic products, demonstrating great potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic water splitting coupled with the production of highly value‐added organic chemicals is of significant importance, which represents a very promising pathway for transforming green solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report a composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL‐53‐SO3Ni1/2, which is highly efficient on prompting water splitting for the production of H2 in the reduction half‐reaction and selective oxidation of organic molecules for the production of highly value‐added organic chemicals in the oxidation half‐reaction under visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic properties of the composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL‐53‐SO3Ni1/2 should be ascribed to coating suspended ion catalyst (SIC), consisting of redox‐active NiII ions in the anionic pores of coordination network MIL‐53‐SO3−, on the surface of photoactive CdIn2S4, which endows photogenerated electron‐hole pairs separate more efficiently for high rate production of H2 and selective production of highly value‐added organic products, demonstrating great potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbivorous insects acquire microorganisms from host plants or soil, but it remains unclear how the diversity and functional composition of host plants contribute to structuring herbivore microbiomes. Within a controlled tree diversity setting, we used DNA metabarcoding of 16S rRNA to assess the contribution of Lepidoptera species and their local environment (particularly, tree diversity, host tree species, and leaf traits) to the composition of associated bacterial communities. In total, we obtained 7,909 bacterial OTUs from 634 caterpillar individuals comprising 146 species. Tree diversity was found to drive the diversity of caterpillar‐associated bacteria both directly and indirectly via effects on caterpillar communities, and tree diversity was a stronger predictor of bacterial diversity than diversity of caterpillars. Leaf toughness and dry matter content were important traits of the host plant determining bacterial species composition, while leaf calcium and potassium concentration influenced bacterial richness. Our study reveals previously unknown linkages between trees and their characteristics, herbivore insects, and their associated microbes, which contributes to developing a more nuanced understanding of functional dependencies between herbivores and their environment, and has implications for the consequences of plant diversity loss for trophic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the water resistance property of zein film, polycaprolactone (PCL) was grafted on the zein film after atmospheric‐pressure cold plasma (ACP) pretreatment. The grafting yields of PCL ranging from 15.91% ± 0.67% to 28.95% ± 0.79% were remarkably enhanced than the untreated one (12.15% ± 0.57%; p <. 05), which indicated that ACP modification could effectively improve the grafting ability of the zein film. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum and X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that PCL layer had been successfully grafted and the lateral α‐helix packing was susceptible to plasma treatment. Findings from this study indicated that ACP pretreatment was an effective modification approach in zein‐based polymers for packaging application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the adaptation of young seedlings to environmental stresses. However, the role of epigenetic components and core transcriptional machineries in the effect of ABA on seed germination and seedling growth remain unclear.Here, we show that a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase, JMJ17, regulates the expression of ABA‐responsive genes during seed germination and seedling growth. Using comparative interactomics, WRKY40, a central transcriptional repressor in ABA signaling, was shown to interact with JMJ17. WRKY40 facilitates the recruitment of JMJ17 to the ABI5 chromatin, which removes gene activation marks (H3K4me3) from the ABI5 chromatin, thereby repressing its expression.Additionally, WRKY40 represses the transcriptional activation activity of HY5, which can activate ABI5 expression by directly binding to its promoter. An increase in ABA concentrations decreases the affinity of WRKY40 for the ABI5 promoter. Thus, WRKY40 and JMJ17 are released from the ABI5 chromatin, activating HY5. The accumulated ABI5 protein further shows heteromeric interaction with HY5, and thus synergistically activates its own expression.Our findings reveal a novel transcriptional switch, composed of JMJ17–WRKY40 and HY5–ABI5 modules, which regulates the ABA response during seed germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial confinement plays a significant role in selective adsorption and catalysis of molecular sieves. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of methanol in 8‐membered ring cage‐type molecular sieves DNL‐6 and SAPO‐42 were investigated by 13C solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Confinement‐induced spatial orientation of guest molecules in molecular sieves was revealed with considering both confined space and active centers. Confined space of double 8‐membered rings (D8R) in DNL‐6 favors the adsorption of methanol, accompanied by the methyl groups orientating to D8R space and the hydroxyl groups of methanol anchored by Brønsted acid site (BAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Species ranges in mountain areas may shift both horizontally and altitudinally, resulting from climate change and anthropogenic impact. Two hypotheses (the abundant centre hypothesis and the contagion hypothesis) have been proposed to account for patterns of horizontal range contraction. However, undulating topograph causes a mosaic of unsuitable habitats, which may complicate the spatial pattern of range contraction. We develop a framework incorporating horizontal and altitudinal range contraction patterns of a species living in mountain areas, to better understand the underlying mechanisms of species range contraction. Location: China, Northern Laos and Northern Vietnam Taxon: Western black crested gibbon, Nomascus concolor Methods: We collected occurrence data of the gibbons from various sources and modelled their potential distribution range in the 1950s, 1980s and 2010s, using ecological niche modelling. We compared distances from the centre point of the potential range in the 1950s to centre points of the largest 100 patches in the 1950s and the 2010s to understand the patterns of horizontal range contraction. We also calculated potential distributions within different altitudinal ranges for six populations in each period to understand the patterns of altitudinal range contraction. Results: Potential horizontal distribution of the gibbons decreased by 69% from the 1950s to the 2010s. The centre point of the 100 largest patches in the 2010s was further apart than in the 1950s, supporting the contagion hypothesis. No populations extended their range to higher altitude, suggesting climate change did not have a profound effect on altitudinal shifts in gibbon range. All populations lost a substantial proportion of their ranges at lower altitudes (500–1,500 m) but to different degrees, suggesting that populations experienced different anthropogenic pressures. Main conclusions: Anthropogenic threats including human population increase, agricultural expansion and hunting, were more likely than climate change to have caused range contraction in western black‐crested gibbons. This study highlights the importance of studying horizontal and altitudinal range contraction simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outcomes for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients remain strikingly poor with a 5‐year survival of less than 8% due to the lack of effective treatment modalities. Here, a novel precision medicine approach for PC treatment is developed, which is composed of a rationally designed tumor‐targeting ICAM1 antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) with optimized chemical linker and cytotoxic payload, complemented with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based molecular imaging approach to noninvasively evaluate the efficiency of ICAM1 ADC therapy. It is shown that ICAM1 is differentially overexpressed on the surface of human PC cells with restricted expression in normal tissues, enabling ICAM1 antibody to selectively recognize and target PC tumors in vivo. It is further demonstrated that the developed ICAM1 ADC induces potent and durable tumor regression in an orthotopic PC mouse model. To build a precision medicine, an MRI‐based molecular imaging approach is developed that noninvasively maps the tumoral ICAM1 expression that can be potentially used to identify ICAM1‐overexpressing PC patients. Collectively, this study establishes a strong foundation for the development of a promising ADC to address the critical need in the PC patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune cells have an uncertain function during the progression of extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL). The present study determined the distribution, phenotype, and clinical significance of B lymphocytes in ENKTL. Immunohistochemistry indicated high infiltration of CD20+ B lymphocytes in the tumour tissues of 40% of the patients, and that a high infiltration correlated with better overall survival. Moreover, B lymphocytes had an active mature phenotype in situ and suppressed the proliferation of ENKTL cells in vitro. These results suggest that tumour infiltration of CD20+ B lymphocytes may be a new prognostic indicator for patients with ENKTL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as important secondary messengers in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and induce stomatal closure under dehydration stress. The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), an important tumor suppressor in animals, functions primarily in the maintenance of genome integrity in animals and plants. However, whether and how the plant BRCA1 regulates intracellular ROS homeostasis in guard cells under dehydration stress remains unknown.Here, we found that Arabidopsis atbrca1 loss‐of‐function mutants showed dehydration stress tolerance. This stress tolerant phenotype of atbrca1 was a result of ABA‐ and ROS‐induced stomatal closure, which was enhanced in atbrca1 mutants compared with the wild‐type. AtBRCA1 downregulated the expression of ROS‐responsive and marker genes. Notably, these genes were also the targets of the AP2/ERF transcriptional activator RRTF1/ERF109.Under normal conditions, AtBRCA1 physically interacted with RRTF1 and inhibited its binding to the GCC‐box‐like sequence in target gene promoters. Under dehydration stress, the expression of AtBRCA1 was dramatically reduced and that of RRTF1 was activated, thus inducing the expression of ROS‐responsive genes.Overall, our study reveals a novel molecular function of AtBRCA1 in the transcriptional regulation of intracellular ROS homeostasis under dehydration stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tectonics in North China and adjacent areas were dominated by the Pacific Plate subduction since the Jurassic. Although the extension‐dominated tectonics in North China since the Early Cretaceous can be well explained by the Pacific Plate subduction, it is still not well understood why North China and adjacent areas underwent intense compression (Yanshanian orogeny) during the Late Jurassic and why these regions rapidly switched to extension‐dominated tectonics during the Early Cretaceous. Plate reconstructions suggest that East Asia was moving rapidly in the direction opposite the trench during the Jurassic when North China was undergoing strong compressional deformation. This relationship between back‐arc deformation and overriding plate's motion seems to contradict previous compilations and geodynamic models. We suggest that large‐scale mantle convection and exotic terrane accretions along the East Asian margin have jointly contributed to the Yanshanian orogeny across North China during the Jurassic. We verify this hypothesis with numerical geodynamic models. Our numerical experiments also suggest that large‐scale downwelling mantle flow beneath Asia has promoted continued subduction beneath the Asian margin despite the subduction was often punctuated by collisional and accretionary events. Key Points: North China and adjacent areas suffered strong compressional tectonics when they were drifting in the direction opposite the trenchExotic terrane accretion and large‐scale mantle convection jointly contributed to the strong compression in North ChinaLarge‐scale mantle convection promoted long‐term, continued subduction beneath the Asian margin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined whether automated visual evaluation (AVE), a deep learning computer application for cervical cancer screening, can be used on cervix images taken by a contemporary smartphone camera. A large number of cervix images acquired by the commercial MobileODT EVA system were filtered for acceptable visual quality and then 7587 filtered images from 3221 women were annotated by a group of gynecologic oncologists (so the gold standard is an expert impression, not histopathology). We tested and analyzed on multiple random splits of the images using two deep learning, object detection networks. For all the receiver operating characteristics curves, the area under the curve values for the discrimination of the most likely precancer cases from least likely cases (most likely controls) were above 0.90. These results showed that AVE can classify cervix images with confidence scores that are strongly associated with expert evaluations of severity for the same images. The results on a small subset of images that have histopathologic diagnoses further supported the capability of AVE for predicting cervical precancer. We examined the associations of AVE severity score with gynecologic oncologist impression at all regions where we had a sufficient number of cases and controls, and the influence of a woman's age. The method was found generally resilient to regional variation in the appearance of the cervix. This work suggests that using AVE on smartphones could be a useful adjunct to health‐worker visual assessment with acetic acid, a cervical cancer screening method commonly used in low‐ and middle‐resource settings. What's new? Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is an inexpensive method for cervical cancer screening but is associated with a high false‐positive rate. In this study, the authors investigated a promising adjunct to VIA known as automated visual evaluation (AVE), in which a deep learning algorithm is employed to analyze cervix images captured using smartphone‐housed cameras. Probabilities generated by AVE were strongly associated with evaluation of the same cervix images by experienced oncologists. The findings mark an important step toward practical deployment of AVE as a low‐cost adjunct to VIA, with potential benefits particularly in low‐ to medium‐resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rupture patterns of large earthquakes in transpressional systems can provide important information for understanding oblique motion and strain partitioning between tectonic blocks. The 1927 M8.0 Gulang earthquake occurred on the transpressional boundary between the Tibetan and Gobi‐Alashan blocks. Our results, combined with those of previous studies show that the Lenglongling fault (LLLF) and Southern Wuwei Basin fault (SWBF) have both ruptured during the Gulang earthquake, but they exhibited different motions. An ~120‐km‐long surface rupture zone formed along the LLLF, with a left‐lateral strike‐slip motion and a coseismic horizontal offset of ~2.4–7.5 m. Bending, bifurcation, and change of the slip sense occurs at both ends of the fault. An ~42‐km‐long rupture zone formed along the SWBF, with a coseismic vertical offset of ~0.6–2.8 m. Thus, the Gulang earthquake is a complex rupture event where strike‐slip and thrust faults ruptured simultaneously. Analysis of deep and shallow structures and three‐dimensional finite‐element modeling reveal that the north dipping LLLF and the SWBF may converge downward to a low‐angle décollement, accommodating the strike‐slip and thrust motions during the earthquake, respectively. This pattern of deformation partitioning is similar to some other earthquakes where oblique block convergence is generally partitioned into strike‐slip motion on steeply dipping faults and vertical motion on gently dipping faults. Our study also suggests that the strain partitioning pattern in the NE Tibetan Plateau may be controlled by changes of the regional principal compressive stress directions and fault geometry at depth. Key Points: The Gulang earthquake is a complex rupture event where strike‐slip and thrust faults ruptured simultaneouslyThe north dipping Lenglongling fault and the Southern Wuwei Basin fault may converge downward to a low‐angle décollementOblique convergence is usually partitioned into strike‐slip motion on steeply dipping faults and vertical motion on gently dipping faults [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining plant diversity alters ecological networks, such as plant–herbivore interactions. However, our knowledge of the potential mechanisms underlying effects of plant species loss on plant–herbivore network structure is still limited. We used DNA barcoding to identify herbivore–host plant associations along declining levels of tree diversity in a large‐scale, subtropical biodiversity experiment. We tested for effects of tree species richness, host functional and phylogenetic diversity, and host functional (leaf trait) and phylogenetic composition on species, phylogenetic and network composition of herbivore communities. We found that phylogenetic host composition and related palatability/defence traits but not tree species richness significantly affected herbivore communities and interaction network complexity at both the species and community levels. Our study indicates that evolutionary dependencies and functional traits of host plants determine the composition of higher trophic levels and corresponding interaction networks in species‐rich ecosystems. Our findings highlight that characteristics of the species lost have effects on ecosystem structure and functioning across trophic levels that cannot be predicted from mere reductions in species richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common forms of leukemia in the world, but its molecular mechanism is still not well understood. The aim of this study was, by using multiple AML datasets, to obtain genes with differential expression, and to identify key genes in the development and progression of AML. Methods: The AML microarray dataset (GSE24395, GSE30029, GSE38865, GSE90062) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and functionally enriched, and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Cytoscape was used for module analysis to obtain fundamental genes (hub genes), and combined with The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data for survival and expression analysis. Results: A total of 134 DEGs were identified (fold change >1, P < 0.01). Gene enrichment analysis included positive regulation of RNA polymerase II promoter transcriptions (c = 17.967, P = 0.011), neutrophil degranulation (c = 18.625, P = 0.017), integrin‐mediated cells (c = 17.862, P = 0.017), adhesion regulation, neutrophil‐mediated immunity (c = 17.624, P = 0.017), transcriptional disorders in cancer, (c = 14.786, P = 00.031). A total of 16 hub genes were identified. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data expression analysis, CYBB (t = 0.368, P = 0.012) and CYFIP2 (t = 2.097, P = 0.038) were abnormally expressed in different living conditions of AML. Survival analysis showed that SERPINE1 (P = 0.031) and ITGAM (P = 0.049) might be involved in invasion or recurrence of AML. Conclusion: The analysis of DEGs and hub analysis of genes can contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of AML occurrence and progression, and provides a candidate for the treatment and prognosis of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]