1. Online Nonlinear Bias Correction in Ensemble Kalman Filter to Assimilate GOES‐R All‐Sky Radiances for the Analysis and Prediction of Rapidly Developing Supercells.
- Author
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Chandramouli, Krishnamoorthy, Wang, Xuguang, Johnson, Aaron, and Otkin, Jason
- Subjects
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KALMAN filtering , *RADIANCE , *RADAR - Abstract
The present study introduces the online non‐linear bias correction for the assimilation of all‐sky GOES‐16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) channel 9 (6.9 μm) radiances in a rapidly cycled EnKF for convective scale data assimilation (DA). This study is the first to explore the use of the radar reflectivity as the anchoring observation for ABI all sky radiance assimilation. The online and offline nonlinear bias correction methods are compared and evaluated for a case of rapidly developing supercells over Oklahoma and Texas. The analysis and background of the online bias correction perform better than the offline approach during the suppression of spurious clouds and the establishment of non‐precipitating and precipitating regions when the supercell storms are observed to develop. The online approach not only improves the analysis and background over the radar anchored region but also the unanchored non‐precipitating regions compared to the offline approach. Both quantitative and subjective verification of the deterministic forecasts showed consistent superior performance from the online bias correction over the offline approach. Diagnostics reveal that the online bias correction retains useful information in the innovation, which in turn improves subsequent analysis, background and background ensemble spread for both the thermodynamic and dynamic fields. The effect is accumulated during the DA cycling that is responsible for the superior analysis and forecast of the supercells. Plain Language Summary: The effective assimilation of satellite radiance observations requires removal of observation biases. Past studies have shown the advantages of the online bias correction approach for the clear‐sky radiance data assimilation relative to the offline bias correction approach. The advantage is achieved by simultaneously updating the model states and the bias correction terms and through the assimilation of unbiased observations together with the radiance observations. The anchoring unbiased observation in the online bias correction allows a more effective separation of the observation biases and the model bias. In this study, we propose and implement an online nonlinear bias correction method for the rapid EnKF assimilation of the all‐sky ABI radiances. The radar reflectivity observations are explored as the anchoring observations. Our results and diagnostics from a supercell case study show the online nonlinear bias correction approach improve the analysis and forecast compared to the offline nonlinear bias correction approach. Key Points: An online nonlinear bias correction for Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) all‐sky radiance assimilation is proposed and implemented in a rapidly updated EnKFRadar reflectivity is shown to be effective in anchoring the state variable update by distinguishing the model and ABI radiance biasesThe online bias correction improves the analysis and forecast for rapidly developing supercells relative to the offline approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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