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Focusing on the construction of London's West India Docks in 1802, I argue that this project established a feedback loop with conditions of production in the Caribbean. Through an analysis of committee minutes, letters, parliamentary papers and visual art, I move beyond economic accounts of slavery's impact to demonstrate how geographies of security and surveillance—first developed on the sugar plantation—were imported into the design and function of London's port. As such, I argue that London's docks produced a geography of segregation which offers a unique insight into the workings of racial capitalism and its exploitation of group‐differentiated vulnerabilities. Positioning my discussion alongside London's contemporary landscape, I excavate Britain's repressed memories of slavery to illustrate how they still scar the urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dedicated scientific measurements of the strength and direction of the Earth's magnetic field began at Greenwich and Kew observatories in London, United Kingdom, in the middle of the nineteenth century. Using advanced techniques for the time, collimated light was focussed onto mirrors mounted on free‐swinging magnetized needles which reflected onto photographic paper, allowing continuous analog magnetograms to be recorded. By good fortune, both observatories were in full operation during the so‐called Carrington storm in early September 1859 and its precursor storm in late August 1859. Based on digital images of the magnetograms and information from the observatory yearbooks and scientific papers, it is possible to scale the measurements to International System of Units (SI units) and extract quasi‐minute cadence spot values. However, due to the magnitude of the storms, the periods of the greatest magnetic field variation were lost as the traces moved off‐page. We present the most complete digitized magnetic records to date of the 10‐day period from 25 August to 5 September 1859 encompassing the Carrington storm and its lesser recognized precursor on 28 August. We demonstrate the good correlation between observatories and estimate the instantaneous rate of change of the magnetic field. Plain Language Summary: The Carrington storm of September 1859 is one of the largest known geomagnetic storms in the historic record. Two observatories in London were operating at the time and by good fortune both recorded the extreme geomagnetic storm on paper records. These are held at the British Geological Survey and have been made available online as digital images. The next step is to digitally trace over the magnetograms to produce useful digital values. However, scaling the values of digital pixels to International System of Units (SI units) of degrees of angle and nanoTesla is not easy as the original scaling factors are not available. We use a mixture of written reports at the time and notes from the observatory yearbooks to track down plausible scaling factors and to explain the process of digitization of very old records. The data for 10 days covering 25 August to 5 September 1859 are now available for other researchers to use. Key Points: Continuous magnetogram traces are available in London, United Kingdom for August and September 1959Serendipitously, two observatories recorded the Carrington flare and the subsequent stormWe digitize the archive paper records to produce a correctly timed and scaled digital set of digital values for further analysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research papers on clinical observations and follow-up patients at the Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, England. There are eight chapters that presents background, aims, method and clinical characteristics of patients. In the first chapter, Felix Post summarizes present knowledge of late paraphrenia, drawing on the clinical descriptions of earlier workers and emphasizing the relative rarity of descriptions of schizophrenia occurring after the age of 50 or 60 and the difficulty early nosologists had in making the differentiation from senile psychosis.

The article presents abstracts of research papers and posters which were presented at the Sixth Congress of the European Society of Endodontology, held in London, Great Britain from November 11 to 13, 1993. Some of the topics discussed are: Modification of a resin bone cement for use as a root canal sealer, comparison between malleability of warm and cold gutta-percha, an alternative method for micro-organism detection in endodontics, reasons for endodontic treatment among Swedish general pracitioners and the incidence of mandibular premolars with more than one root canal.

Since austerity policies in the UK began in 2010, homelessness has risen rapidly. Drawing from feminist geographical theories and methodologies, this paper examines experiences of homelessness under austerity in Haringey, London through photo‐elicitation research with one participant, Tessa. This paper argues that home(un)making—the constantly shifting balance of homemaking and unmaking—is central to everyday experiences of, and resistance to, austerity. The paper first demonstrates how Tessa resists austerity through practices of homemaking that enable her to cope with the difficulties of homelessness at a time of austerity. Next, it explores how Tessa's relationships with other actors in the homeless shelter—other residents and government officials—contributed to processes of home‐unmaking, exacerbating the hardships she experiences. By developing the concept of home(un)making, therefore, this paper aims to show the dynamism of home for homeless people under austerity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of sub‐daily pressure series is described for the cities of London (GB) and Paris (FR). The series extend back 1692 and 1748, respectively, and as such they represent two of the longest sub‐daily series of barometric pressure available. These series are updated from the previously documented London and Paris daily series and offer more homogeneous series, and in the case of the London series a more temporally complete sequence of data. A pairwise homogenization procedure has been applied to the two series alongside the long series of pressure that exists for De Bilt (NL). The De Bilt series has been available for some time in the International Surface Pressure Dataset (ISPD), but further quality control and homogeneity‐checking procedures have been applied to the data in this paper and therefore the three series are released together in this dataset. The series are of immediate interest for understanding changes to storm activity across the English Channel and North Atlantic region over an extended timeframe but may also be assimilated into reanalysis datasets such as the 20th‐century reanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the celebration held at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, England in line with the launch of the Artists' Papers Register, an online register of documents relating to designers, artists and craftspeople. The register lists papers or groups of papers relating to artists and organizations in 823 repositories. Morever, by "Artists", the register does not only refer to "fine artists" but also to designers and design groups and studios, organizations, critis and art historians. Also, the register covers a wide range of topics and individuals, from the unexpected to the most prolific and talked about.

This paper is concerned with the situated production of opinions in human geography research. Drawing on an online focus group project in which university students were asked to discuss smartphone use in urban greenspace, I'm interested in how our methods can make opinions as much as collect those that are already assumed to exist. Why were these students inclined to speak of having and sharing opinions? How important should opinions be to us if they are not actively influencing the everyday lives of those who we hope to understand in our studies? And what does this all say about staging effective group discussion in the discipline? This paper considers how opinions feature in human geography research and how focus groups are organised most effectively. It does this by drawing on a study in which university students were asked to discuss smartphone use in urban greenspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a case study of three educational youth exchanges from London to the Caribbean island of Grenada in the early 1980s, this paper situates decolonisation as a site for youthful agency. Assessing official and ephemeral exchange material held in archives in London and the Caribbean alongside original oral history interviews with key actors, the paper argues that an analysis of youth exchanges as informal education spaces helps bring into focus young people's agency in decolonisation both as a historical process and conceptual undoing. While the paper asserts that exchanging produced transformative moments of becoming in which young people's global educational encounters transcended local perceptions of race, it also reveals youth exchanging to a revolutionary nation was no holiday, and that "youth exchange geographies" were governed, predetermined and impeded by the organisational labour of youth workers, fundraising initiatives, and unfolding international politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses methodological approaches to comparative urban geography and the consequences of such approaches. It demonstrates three ways by which an imaginative comparison can be constructed and employed: letting the sites speak to one another, repeated instance analysis, and tracing. Successfully employing these methods requires adopting comparison as both an implicit ethos and explicit approach during data collection and analysis, answering "why is it different here?" Reflecting on the impact of utilising comparative approaches, I argue that comparative urbanism helps balance the unique and ubiquitous conclusions from research, and forces researchers to question the norms or assumptions they hold from doing singular case study research, which in turn foregrounds the situational nature of urban governance in analysis. In the specifics of this paper, it also helps uncover assumptions around the power of state and reveals (some) global elite urban networks. This paper addresses methodological approaches to comparative urban geography and the consequences of such approaches. It demonstrates three ways by which an imaginative comparison can be constructed and employed: letting the sites speak to one another, repeated instance analysis, and tracing. Successfully employing these methods requires adopting comparison as both an implicit ethos and explicit approach during data collection and analysis, answering "why is it different here?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the titles of various papers that have been accepted for publication in the 'European Financial Management Journal.' 'Performance and Policy of Foundation-owned Firms in Germany,' by Markus Herrman and Guenter Franke; 'Diversification, Ownership and Control of Swedish Corporations,' by John A. Doukas, Martin Holmen and Nickolaos G. Travlos; 'Competition on the London Stock Exchange,' by Nicholas Taylor.

The article presents information about abstracts of various papers presented at the 8th annual meeting of the Society for Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research that was held from May 21 to 23, 1981 in London, England. Some papers are, the study to investigate the ultrastructure of the nail plate by G. Achten, D. Parent, G. De Dobbeleer and F. Stouffs-Vanfoof, Ichthyosis hystrix type Curth-Macklin had been separated from bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma on the basis of its peculiar ultrastructural features with tonofibriltar shell formation and a high percentage of binuclear cells by I. Anton-Lamprecht, B. Kern, G. Goerz and S. Marghescu.

Summary: This paper sets out new recommendations for recording structural iron nails. Despite their ubiquity, iron nails have received limited analytical and interpretative attention and recording practices are highly variable. Too often current recording is time‐consuming and costly without providing meaningful information. This paper proposes a new recording methodology, developed through analysis of the Roman structural nail assemblage from the MHI A14 Cambridge‐Huntingdon excavations alongside experiments in nail shaping, with wider context provided by medieval and post‐medieval assemblages from the City of London. This approach includes a new nail typology, recommendations for bulk recording of basic details for whole assemblages (using counts and typologies), alongside detailed recording (shank morphology and further metric data) for certain nail groups. Shank morphology is a particularly important aspect proposed here, being indicative of how nails were used in antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the Choice-Equity Dilemma in Special Educational Provision seminar held at the Clore Management Centre, Birkbeck College in London, England on May 19, 2010. The objective of the seminar was to discuss issues about tensions between the principles of equity and choice in special educational provision. An overview of the role of the SEN Policy Options Steering Group is presented.

This paper is based on research commissioned by the Wellcome Trust in 2015 and catalogues current initiatives and trends in the systems and processes surrounding peer review. It considers issues such as open and interactive reviews, post-publication comments and ratings, and the platforms provided by both publishers and other organisations to support such activity; third-party peer review platforms; and measures from publishers and others to provide more recognition and rewards for peer reviewers. It also speculates on likely key trends in peer review for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the changing nature of female migration, showing how the composition of the migrant population has altered, with women migrants now comprising a majority of the recent migrant populations. Drawing on data from interviews with undocumented migrant women in London, the article looks at the consequence of undocumented status for women, explores how they look for work, their jobs, pay, and terms and conditions, how they express their relationships within the workplace, what they identify as the supportive characteristics of coworkers, and how they manage when not in work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant quantities of data are being collected by citizen scientists concerning environmental challenges. Networks of volunteers can collect data on spatial and temporal scales that may be beyond the resource and logistical capacities of the governmental bodies and other organisations that monitor and protect the environment. However, citizen science may be viewed with scepticism by decision makers and excluded from decision‐making because it is perceived as being of poor quality and lacking scientific credibility. This paper explores how citizen science has been used to inform the management of an urban river. It uses the example of the River Crane, a small urban river in London, UK, to demonstrate how data gathered through a volunteer project, Citizen Crane, supported decision‐making about the river. Through analysis of interviews with the project's leadership group, the paper examines how the project leadership team developed a high degree of credibility with stakeholders in the river management. This included drawing on the expertise of stakeholders to design the project and align the monitoring approaches with technical and scientific standards. Other factors of importance included open and professional communication between the Citizen Crane leadership team with regulators and businesses, and the development of shared understandings and expectations about the river's management. The leadership team drew on their professional experience to inform the design and management of the project, and to provide a conduit for data gathered by volunteer scientists to be embedded in decision‐making. The paper unpicks the ways in which citizen science challenges traditional notions of expertise in environmental decision‐making, and contributes to understanding how citizen science can support more legitimate and effective strategies for tackling complex socio‐environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptations to flood‐proof individual properties (referred to here as property‐level adaptation, PLA) provide a potential means of reducing flood risk at isolated properties, whilst conventional community‐scale flood protection (CSFP) is usually more economical in protecting high‐density urban spaces. This paper develops a risk‐based framework to identify the tipping point when PLA measures become more cost‐beneficial when compared to CSFP in different urban densities. The framework was demonstrated using a hypothetical case study based on a residential area in Teddington, London. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the building densities in the urban space. Results show that PLA can have a role to supplement CSFP even in dense urban areas if the CSFP standard of protection is low. However, adding some element of CSFP to PLA can be more cost‐effective than implementing a single higher protection standard of PLA. Given the unique flood risk condition of most urban spaces, and the sensitivity of cost‐effectiveness of flood adaptation measures such as those demonstrated in this work, this approach can provide additional information to assist decisions in finding a sensible portfolio of measures that match that risk condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic ash clouds are carefully monitored as they present a significant hazard to humans and aircraft. The primary tool for forecasting the transport of ash from a volcano is dispersion modeling. These models make a number of assumptions about the size, sphericity and density of the ash particles. Few studies have measured the density of ash particles or explored the impact that the assumption of ash density might have on the settling dynamics of ash particles. In this paper, the raw apparent density of 23 samples taken from 15 volcanoes are measured with gas pycnometry, and a negative linear relationship is found between the density and the silica content. For the basaltic ash samples, densities were measured for different particle sizes, showing that the density is approximately constant for particles smaller than 100 μm, beyond which it decreases with size. While this supports the current dispersion model used by the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), where the density is held at a constant (2.3 g cm−3), inputting the measured densities into a numerical simulation of settling velocity reveals a primary effect from the silica content changing this constant. The VAAC density overestimates ash removal times by up to 18%. These density variations, including those varying with size beyond 100 μm, also impact short‐range particle‐size distribution measurements and satellite retrievals of ash. Plain Language Summary: Volcanic ash clouds are carefully monitored as they present a significant hazard to humans and aircraft. Dispersion modeling is a primary tool used to forecast ash flows from volcanoes. These models make a number of assumptions about the size, sphericity (roundness) and density of the ash particles. Few studies have measured the density of ash particles or explored the impact that the assumption of ash density might have on the dispersion forecasts. In this paper, the density of 23 samples taken from 15 volcanoes are measured, and a negative linear relationship is found between the density and the silica content. For the basaltic ash samples (the most common type of ash), densities were measured for different particle sizes, showing that the density is approximately constant for particles smaller than 100 μm, beyond which it decreases with size. This supports the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre keeping density constant in their current model, but in fact this constant changes with silica content, leading to an overestimation of ash removal times by up to 18%. These density deviations also impact short‐range particle‐size distribution measurements and satellite retrievals of ash. Key Points: The density of volcanic ash is measured as a function of particle size for a range of eruptionsSilica content and particle size negatively correlate with densityThe density of particles smaller than 100 μm is approximately constant but is dependent on silica content [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By drawing, among others, on the ideas of the Bakhtin Circle and Judith Butler, this paper explores spatial struggles over the right to free speech at Hyde Park, London, 1861–1962. From the 1860s to the early 20th century, the state gradually constructed a "monologic" discourse about an ideal‐typical "indecent" speaker who would "trespass" on Hyde Park through their "excitable speech" against a legally sanctioned right to give a "public address" in the park. This discourse gave the state some room to evict those it claimed to be transgressing "public address". However, different "heteroglossic coalitions" of regulars ensured that Hyde Park remained not only a "political assembly" to discuss political issues, but also a "social assembly" to exercise free speech on a range of social topics. Indeed, by the 1950s, these coalitions used a nearby road scheme to successfully argue it was the state that was potentially trespassing, or "encroaching", on free speech at Hyde Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at City University Centenary Conference, in London, England on June 1, 1994. All the speakers at the conference were former undergraduate or postgraduate students of the Department of Optometry and Visual Science at the university. One of the papers focused on the correction of presbyopia. According to researcher M.H. Freeman, any corrective device for presbyopia must provide acceptable optical quality over the corrective effect required. Another paper talked about the ocular response to sustained visual tasks. Various other topics on which papers were presented included retinoscopy, corneal regeneration and glaucoma.

In June 2020, the world witnessed an upsurge in Black Lives Matter (BLM) demonstrations following the murder of George Floyd, an African American, by a White American police officer. The international response called for the global community to reassess the value of black lives blighted by racist social systems. The mass sentiment acted as a catalyst for educational institutions, including those in the UK, to mount a response. It is in this context that a School Partnership Group representing primary and secondary schools in East London embarked on developing a workshop series for the professional development of school leaders. The sessions were aimed at school transformation through anti‐racist educational approaches. In this article, we present a discussion of the workshop series held in the academic year 2020–2021, which brought school leaders together in a reflective community of practice. Drawing on data from focus group conversations carried out following the end of the series, this paper argues for school leaders' professional development that prioritises 'deep understanding' supported by reflective communities of practice as a pre‐requisite for effective anti‐racist practice and sustained school transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most research on visits focuses on (semi)successful connections that equate valued intimacy to adaptation to transnational life and ethno‐national kin obligations. In contrast, we highlight important migrant relationships where adaptation is minimal and contact diminishes, yet they also take on heightened affective intensity. Drawing from a multi‐sited ethnography that includes migrants and friends and family, we examine the affective and ethical dimensions of visits and ICTs (information and communications technology) within the personal relationships of highly skilled Italian migrants in London. Deploying the concepts cruel optimism and polyrhythmia, the paper examines how contrasting rhythms of visits and ICTs provoke reflections and feelings on whether intimacies at a distance are 'real'. Despite difficulties, informants suggest intimacies 'feel normal', imbuing relations with hope for their authenticity that grounds relations in a state of mobile impasse: where feelings of normalcy lead to less interest in recreating connections yet also constructs hope that sustains visits and digital connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article lists the previous winners and the 2007 winner of the Wiley-Blackwell Area Prize which was announced at the RGS-IBG Annual General Meeting on June 2008 at the RGS-IBG headquarters in London, England including Jessica Graybill, Clare Herrick, and Pauline Couper.

Focuses on abstracts of articles on coloproctology presented at the Royal Society of Medicine's meeting in London, England. "Can Haematological Indices Predict Positive Findings of Endoscopies Performed for Anaemic Patients," by A.M.P. Schizas, R. Reid and M. George; "Immunonutrition Does Not Benefit Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing Restorative Proctocolectomy," by S.C. Mills and A.C. Windsor; "Iron Deficiency Anaemia– Useful Screening Tool for Right Sided Colon Cancers?," by Sajal Rai; "Time Up for the 2 Week Standard?," by M. A. Scott, A. Knight, K. Brown and J.R. Novell.

The article presents information on meetings conducted by Royal Society of Medicine, London, that were held in February 2004. Multidisciplinary patient management of complex pelvic and perineal disease began in South Wales in 1992 and gradually developed into a formal team with two colorectal surgeons, a urologist, a gynaecologist and a plastic surgeon. A retrospective review was undertaken of 130 case records of patients managed by the pelvic oncology group. There were no postoperative deaths and morbidity was low. Where surgical clearance was attempted we achieved clear histological margins in 62% of cases.

The London‐based Oily Cart theatre company aims to produce shows that are suitable for all young people. This paper closely examines one of their productions, Splish Splash, which was developed for children with profound and multiple learning difficulties. The paper's central purpose is to understand the value of this type of theatrical experience for these children. It argues that Winnicott's conception of play, and his account of the conditions that enable the capacity for play to unfold, provide a persuasive theoretical framework that makes sense of Oily Cart's achievement. Winnicott's framework can integrate the views expressed (in interviews) by adults who were involved with or observed the show; arguably it is also corroborated by more recent infant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares a practice‐related rendering of Katherine McKittrick's conceptional notion “a black sense of place” by reflecting on visual practices adopted in my research project, “Everyday Things: Visualising Young Black Adults’ Experiences in White City”. In this article, I advance a black sense of place to be a conceptual lens that is capable of zooming in and out of the embodied perceptions and practices of resistance routinely created by Black people. I link black senses of place with the audio‐visual motif of “the rose that grew from concrete”. This motif acts as a metaphor, for the ways of being that Black people practice in overcoming the struggles of anti‐blackness. Providing snapshots of audio‐visual practices advanced in White City, West London with a kinship collective of young Black adults, I explore how black senses of place may be visually attended to through a combined methodological adoption of visual ethnography and photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expands our understanding of vertical urbanism, and specifically the experience of home in high‐rise housing, by assessing and mobilising a "disorientated geographies" approach. It follows Bissell and Gorman‐Murray's recent call for researchers to better account for the logics of disconnection and undoing in geographical inquiry. Building on their exploration of "disorientated geographies," this paper examines the lived experience of three single men living in high‐rise housing to revisit the high‐rise as home. It aims to advance prevailing understandings of urban vertical living and more specifically of the processes through which these homes are made and unmade. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with apartment dwellers in new high‐rise housing in London and Melbourne, we explore residents' loss of orienting relations through their feelings of frustration, restlessness, and disappointment. We consider how these emotional states contribute to destabilise their homes as these three men struggle to comprehend and orient themselves within the socio‐spatial environment of the high‐rise, and specifically an environment compromised by design and build quality issues. We argue that disorientation provides a useful but undervalued vantage point from which to understand the making and unmaking of vertical homes. In so doing, we foreground and sharpen understandings of the role of verticality, in particular, in these processes of home‐unmaking. The contribution of the paper is two‐fold. Conceptually, it both expands the application of disorientated geographies into a novel urban setting and broadens its frames of reference by examining other bodily experiences and emotions. Empirically, we advance understandings of the lived experience of vertical urbanisms by drawing new and productive links between verticality and disorientation that move us beyond consideration of purely physiological responses, such as vertigo or dizziness, to high‐rise living, to better account for a fuller range of bodily, emotional, and social practices. This paper expands our understanding of vertical urbanism, and specifically the experience of home in high‐rise housing by assessing and mobilising a "disorientated geographies" approach. It follows Bissell and Gorman‐Murray's recent call for researchers to better account for the logics of disconnection and undoing in geographical inquiry. Building on their exploration of "disorientated geographies," this paper examines the lived experience of three single men living in high‐rise housing to revisit the high‐rise as home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an autoethnographic study which tracks the experience of routinely monitoring personal exposure to air pollution, using Plume Labs' "Flow" device. While conventional air quality data is provided by static monitoring stations, this paper seeks to understand how new intimate data from portable sensors can influence decision‐making and induce behavioural change. This is explored in relation to self‐tracking and the "Quantified Self" (QS) movement, recognising that the environment is intrinsically part of the self and the body. Through autoethnography and reflecting on experiences in London and Kuala Lumpur, this paper explores the practicalities of using Flow and its potential as a transformative tool to facilitate societal consciousness and change towards "the optimal self" with minimised exposure to air pollution. Through personal experience and interactions with others, this paper finds that individuals' willingness and ability to attempt to minimise exposure to air pollution is subject to a combination of factors within and beyond one's control. However, while self‐tracking does not necessarily translate into attempts to minimise exposure, choosing to be exposed to higher levels of air pollution in certain circumstances becomes an active decision. While some maintained their scepticism of Flow's potential, and others remained apathetic towards air pollution, Flow was found to be particularly effective in cultivating curiosity and consciousness through its facilitation of conversations about air quality. Flow's provision of otherwise absent information and its potential to create a network of better‐informed individuals is exciting but uncertain. This paper raises important questions about the role of the QS and such sensor devices in addressing urban air pollution and creating a sense of collective accountability to the environment, moving towards a new goal of "the optimal environment for our optimal selves." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While recent debates have widely acknowledged gentrification's varied manifestations, success in enumerating and disentangling the process and its defining features from other forms of neighbourhood change at‐scale and across entire cities, has remained largely elusive. This paper addresses this gap and employs a novel, open and reproducible urban analytics approach to systematically examine the past and future trajectories of neighbourhood change using London, England, as a case‐study example. Using suites of datasets relating to population, house prices, and built environment development, the nature of gentrification's mutations and its spatial patterns are extracted through a multi‐stage data dimensionality reduction and classification methodology. Machine learning is subsequently adopted to model gentrification's observed trends and predict its future frontiers with interactive visualisation methods offering new insights into gentrification's projected dynamics and geographies. This paper employs a novel, open, and reproducible urban analytics approach to systematically examine the past and future trajectories of neighbourhood change using London, England, as a case‐study example. Using suites of datasets relating to population, house prices, and built environment development, the nature of gentrification's mutations and its spatial patterns are extracted through a multi‐stage data dimensionality reduction and classification methodology. Machine learning is subsequently adopted to model gentrification's observed trends and predict its future frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a new politics of knowledge and skills, which is being used effectively by campaigning groups over planning, housing, and land, challenging the very basis of conventional property development. The new politics, articulated by Hilary Wainwright in a recent book, is grass roots local action which challenges top–down conventional knowledge and expertise. Using examples from campaigns for social and affordable housing in London, in which the author has been involved, this practitioner paper highlights how grass roots knowledge and organisation can challenge conventional power in land and property markets, and the language and expertise on which they rest. In these campaigns, the knowledge of local residents about their communities is combined with the skills of committed professionals in planning and land economics. Conventional property market expertise is extraordinarily powerful in UK social, economic, and environmental policy, yet it can and must be challenged at a fundamental level if alternative community‐led models of urban development are to be taken seriously. Examples of "People's Plans" and successful community challenges to the abuse of financial viability analysis by developers demonstrate that new knowledge and skills combined with grass roots organisation can create a new politics of opposition to conventional urban development. This practitioner paper highlights how grass roots knowledge and organisation can challenge conventional power in land and property markets, and the language and expertise on which they rest. Examples of "People's Plans" and successful community challenges to the abuse of financial viability analysis by developers demonstrate that new knowledge and skills combined with grass roots organisation can create a new politics of opposition to conventional urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial ecosystems have been explored widely in entrepreneurship, management and social sciences literature. The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship (KSTE) aims to uncover the effects of information on start‐ups co‐located in diverse locations, such as urban areas, science and technology parks, incubators, and accelerator programs. Extant research has focused on how entrepreneurs launch start‐ups and develop patents over a 5–10 years timespan from a regional perspective. However, studies into the development processes of start‐ups and the creation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in physical and virtual environments in high‐tech start‐ups, are limited. As a result, this paper aims to identify the development processes undertaken by high‐tech entrepreneurs at the individual level and evaluate the absorption and implementation of knowledge in physical and virtual clusters within entrepreneurial ecosystems. A multiple case study of 32 start‐ups that have attended incubator and accelerator programs in London, United Kingdom, is presented. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and Founders of start‐ups to propose the Model of Knowledge Spillovers and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. The themes identified during interviews highlight the mechanisms employed by start‐ups to capture tacit and explicit knowledge spillovers. Theoretically, the findings of this study contribute to the KSTE by questioning the flexibility of entrepreneurs to access knowledge without the limitation of geographical proximity to sources of knowledge. Practically, our findings provide entrepreneurs with proven mechanisms required to capture tacit knowledge spillovers within entrepreneurial ecosystems and use virtual platforms to obtain explicit knowledge spillovers towards product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The proliferation of providers and practitioners of cosmetic botulinum toxin and dermal filler has profound public health implications. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) regulates the use of advertising materials in the United Kingdom and prohibits the promotion of prescription‐only medicines. Aims: We aim to perform a cross‐sectional analysis of the practitioners in London, UK to evaluate the distribution of clinics within Greater London, prices advertised for interventions, and compliance with the ASA code. We also aim to identify whether there are any differences in cost of botulinum toxin or dermal filler between the boroughs. Methods: Between December 2021 and January 2022, we performed a systematic search using the internet search engine Google. Five searches were performed (1) [london] botox, (2) [london] botulinum toxin, (3) [london] anti wrinkle injection, (4) [london] filler, (5) [london] dermal filler. One hundred websites per search string were systematically reviewed and those which met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of each search string were included and analyzed. Each clinic's product/service range compliance with the ASA/CAP code was assessed. Any reference to Botulinum Toxin or anti‐wrinkle injections was noted and analyzed. Further analysis would look to calculate price per milliliter (mL) of botulinum toxin and dermal filler per borough and to calculate whether there were any statistical differences between the 32 different London boroughs. Results: A total of 500 websites were visited and evaluated. After removal of duplicates, a total of 233 independent clinics was identified. A total of 206 out of the 233 clinics sampled (88%) were in direct infringement of the enforcement notice through advertising a prescription medicine. The overall average cost per mL of dermal filler was £330.89 and there was a statistically significant variance across London boroughs (p < 0.05). The overall average cost per mL of Botulinum Toxin was £284.45 and the variance across London boroughs was close to significant (p = 0.058). Conclusion: This paper demonstrates poor compliance with the ASA/CAP guidelines and further provides an insight into the industry mechanics associated with aesthetic injectables in a major UK city, identifying regional variance in price and clinic density. The advertising of prescription‐only medication may pose a potential risk to patients and will be an important consideration in proposed legislation to introduce licensing to the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces graph‐based mutually exciting processes (GB‐MEP) to model event times in network point processes, focusing on an application to docked bike‐sharing systems. GB‐MEP incorporates known relationships between nodes in a graph within the intensity function of a node‐based multivariate Hawkes process. This approach reduces the number of parameters to a quantity proportional to the number of nodes in the network, resulting in significant advantages for computational scalability when compared with traditional methods. The model is applied on event data observed on the Santander Cycles network in central London, demonstrating that exploiting network‐wide information related to geographical location of the stations is beneficial to improve the performance of node‐based models for applications in bike‐sharing systems. The proposed GB‐MEP framework is more generally applicable to any network point process where a distance function between nodes is available, demonstrating wider applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the experiences of migration of middle class Iranians living in London, with focus on the psychosocial experiences of one woman. Her story is representative of the stories of Iranians who 'make it' in exile. There is scant study of the lives of middle class Iranian migrants; I carried out research to contribute to the wider literature on migration and to address this gap. The paper is based on the empirical findings of a PhD study which drew on two strands of psychosocial methodology, BNIM (biographical narrative interview method) and FANI (free association narrative interview) to collect data. Ten Iranian men and women living in London were selected through 'purposive sampling' and a 'snowballing process' and each individual was interviewed twice. Examination of the data draws on psychoanalytic, sociological and psychosocial theories to gain insight into experiences of loss and the relationship between loss and sadness expressed in their stories. Common to all of the interviewees was a core sense of loss. This was mostly linked to losses of work, professional status, family attachments and complexities of cultural belonging and dislocation. The findings suggest that this sadness is of an encapsulated nature that cannot be worked through. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban development is a key driver of global biodiversity loss. "Green" infrastructure is integrated to offset some impacts of development on ecosystem quality by supporting urban biodiversity, a prominent example being green roofs. The effects of green infrastructures on urban biodiversity are not well understood and poorly included in life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Here, we present a novel methodology that quantifies the local impact of green infrastructures on terrestrial biodiversity—demonstrated here for sedum roofs in London, UK—and integrates within LCA. It relates energy provision by plants to the metabolic requirements of animals to determine what species richness (number of species) and species abundance (number of individuals) are supported. We demonstrate this methodology using a case study, comparing the life cycle impact of developing 18 buildings, with either asphalt concrete or sedum roofs, on ecosystem quality. We found the sedum roofs (0.018 km2) support 53 species (673 individuals), equivalent to 1.3% of the development's life cycle impacts on ecosystem quality. Complete offsetting requires considerable reduction in transport use throughout the development's lifetime, and lower environmental impact material selection during construction (contributing 98% and 2%, respectively). The results indicate sedum roofs offer minor impact mitigation capacities in the context of urban development, and this capacity is limited for all green infrastructures by species richness in local species pools. This paper demonstrates the potential and limitations of quantifying terrestrial biodiversity offsets offered by green infrastructures alongside urbanization, and the need for realistic expectations of what role it might play in sustainable urban design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brexit brought an end to the free‐movement rights of EU citizens in the United Kingdom, but the rights of the poorest Europeans were being actively curtailed even before that. From 2010, street homeless EU citizens were deported through a series of pilot schemes operating in London. In 2016, their 'administrative removal' was instituted as national policy. Using process‐tracing methodology, we have analysed publicly available documents and others obtained through Freedom of Information requests to assemble an account of how and why a range of 'stakeholders' worked together to deport rough‐sleeping EU citizens. Our paper addresses two research questions: (i) what actors contributed to these deportations and (ii) through the use of which analytic framework(s) can we begin to understand the deportation of street homeless foreigners? As we find, London's deportation apparatus involved national and local‐level state actors, homelessness NGOs and local businesses. The deportation of rough‐sleeping EU citizens was a racist biopolitical practice that reflected a concern for 'hygiene' at local and national scales, as well as the prevention of 'harm' to individual and social bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacogenomics (PGx)‐based personalized medicine (PM) is increasingly utilized to guide treatment decisions for many drug‐disease combinations. Notably, London Health Sciences Centre (LHSC) has pioneered a PGx program that has become a staple for London‐based specialists. Although implementational studies have been conducted in other jurisdictions, the Canadian healthcare system is understudied. Herein, the multistakeholder perspectives on implementational drivers and barriers are elucidated. Using a mixed‐method qualitative model, key stakeholders, and patients from LHSC's PGx‐based PM clinic were interviewed and surveyed, respectively. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed in a stepwise process of customer profiling, value mapping, and business model canvasing. Value for LHSC located specialist users of PGx was driven by the quick turnaround time, independence of the PGx clinic, and the quality of information. Engagement of external specialists was only limited by access and awareness, whereas other healthcare nonusers were limited by education and applicability. The major determinant of successful adoption at novel sites were institutional champions. Patients valued and approved of the service, expressed a general willingness to pay, but often traveled far to receive genotyping. This paper discusses the critical pillars of education, awareness, advocacy, and efficiency required to address implementation barriers to healthcare service innovation in Canada. Further adoption of PGx practices into Canadian hospitals is an important factor for advancing system‐level changes in care delivery, patient experiences, and outcomes. The findings in this paper can help inform efforts to advance clinical PGx practices, but also the potential adoption and implementation of other innovative healthcare service solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "escalator region" concept became a key element of migration literature after Fielding's work on South East England and fuelled a welcome growth of interest in the links between spatial and social mobility. More recent research has shown that London has continued to perform an escalator function since the 1970s, but little attention has been given to how its strength has altered both over time and compared with other parts of the UK. Against the background of the declining rates of internal migration observed in the United States and several other countries, this paper seeks to identify whether London's escalator role was waxing or waning over the four intercensal decades between 1971 and 2011. The primary emphasis is on the chances of people shifting up from noncore to core white‐collar work during each decade for London's nonmigrant and in‐migrant populations, in both absolute terms and relative to England's second‐order cities. It is found that over the three decades since the 1970s London's escalator was still performing in the way originally conceived, but although its net gain of young adults from the rest of England and Wales steadily increased over this period, it was not operating as strongly in 2001–2011 as during the 1990s in terms of both the career‐progression premium gained by its in‐migrants and the extent of its advantage over England's second‐order cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a memoir of the Peasants seminar of the University of London, which ran between January 1972 and February 1989, and to which 208 papers were presented. The following are considered: its origins, the influences which shaped it, and its agenda; the circumstances of its launching; how it gave rise, very directly, to the Journal of Peasant Studies in 1973; its synergy with JPS, especially in the 1970s, and something of its themes, ambience and development. It is concluded that there is no better way of starting and sustaining, in its early phases, a journal than first securing a strong intellectual base, in the shape of a seminar that meets regularly and has a cohesive, but critical, intellectual community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' clarification of papers regarding the Saint Mary's Hospital Tracheostomy MultiDisciplinary Team's (TMDT) approach to tracheostomy care in London, England. They mention the responsibility of Julie Oxton in organizing the tracheostomy training sessions for nurses and physiotherapists. They clarify that the training day, which took place during the ward round under Otolaryngology supervision, was not a formalized training session.

In this paper, we put forward an examination of the interconnections between public space, the everyday, and the event in order to rethink the spatiotemporal modalities of political action. Recent mass mobilisations and civil unrest events around the globe have brought to the fore the complex relationship between political practices and public space. These indicate a critique of representative democracy, authoritarian governance, and precarious living conditions, as well as entailing new ways of doing and conceptualising politics. Our paper approaches the production and (re)configuration of public space through a spatiotemporal analysis of collective action based on the events that took place in Athens, in December 2008, and in Tottenham, London, in August 2011. By considering the everyday socio‐political dynamics of public space as formative of radical political practices, we also pay attention to its evental (re)production. Such a process, we argue, entails the potentiality for rupture, contestation and radical imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title to this paper, Maya, a British‐Bangladeshi woman, expresses her frustration at the refusal of the Home Office to grant her father in Sylhet a visa to come and fulfil his role as family head at the wedding of his son, Maya's brother, in London. The case illustrates well the intersection of gender and generation that fundamentally shapes the pattern of visits, in both directions, across this long‐distance transnational social and family space. Bangladesh is a patriarchal society, with marked gender divisions layered across generations, which are largely reproduced among the migrant community in London and are manifested, in various ways, in the phenomenon of transnational visiting. Based on 61 in‐depth interviews in London and Sylhet, supplemented by participant observation, we delineate the gendered and generational structures framing the visits, both of migrants to the homeland and of non‐migrants to their relatives in London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Getting close to clothes provides new perspectives on the geographies of fashion cities and the processes and collaborations by which they function. Taking the history of London's garment industry in the post‐war 1940s as a case study, this paper traces the major stages of the making process of clothes – pattern making, cutting, machining and finishing – through four garments from the Museum of London's fashion collection. By understanding these material fashion objects as processes, it uncovers the hidden stories of historic garment workers through the tiny clues left in old stitching, revealing the creativity of the individuals who made them and how they contributed to the creative cultures of the historic fashion city. This study of material processes shows how individual makers shaped garments and contributed to a creative culture that played a vital role in London's growing post‐war reputation as a fashion city. It also broadens the boundaries of London as a fashion city beyond the confines of the West End by revealing that a network of workrooms and factories across the city supported this centrally located cluster of fashion businesses. Having established the historical role of making in the creative cultures of London fashion, this paper concludes by questioning how future studies of contemporary fashion cities might look to material objects in order to reconsider the creative agency of subcontracted garment workers in the new international division of labour and the contributions they make towards the symbolic reputations of major fashion cities, in spite of geographical distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information related to the outcome of endoscopic transanal resection of rectal cancer in a district general hospital. This paper was presented at a meeting conducted by the Royal Society of Medicine, London. This study included 20 patients who underwent ETAR, between January 1995 and August 2003. A retro- spective evaluation of the outcome of ETAR, was performed from the operation registers, clinical records, Hospital patient administration computer system. They conclude that endoscopic transanal resection is a simple operation with short hospital stay and low compli- cation rate and good symptom relief in a high risk population for whom there is little alternative treatment.

This paper is concerned with the affective power of light, darkness, and illumination and their role in exposing and obscuring processes of rapid urban change. Little academic attention has focused on how lighting informs multiple, overlapping, and intersecting urban temporalities and mediates our experience of an ever‐changing city. This paper foregrounds a walk through the illuminated city at night as an epistemic opportunity to develop an embodied account of material and temporal change in ways that disrupt the aesthetic organisation of the sensible world at night. By detailing the discontinuous experience of walking through differently lit spaces, the paper develops novel ways of conceptualising the experience of urban change that unsettle common understandings of subjectivity, temporality, and the city. The paper draws on a single night's walk from Canning Town to Canary Wharf in east London – an area that has recently undergone rapid change, including the erection of enclaves of high‐rise development. By accentuating the shared experiences of walking with light, we reveal the affective capacities of light and dark to conceal and expose wider material, embodied, and temporal urban changes but also how we might challenge the organisation of the nocturnal field of the sensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the predictors of magnitude of change in response to a participation‐focused leisure‐time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using the ParticiPAte CP protocol. Method: We included 33 children (16 males, 17 females) aged 8 to 12 years (mean age=10y, SD=1y 6mo) with CP with pre/postintervention data from a wait‐list randomized trial. The hypothesized linear predictors of change in primary outcomes (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]‐performance and COPM‐satisfaction, Belief in Goal Self‐Competence Scale (BiGSS), and minutes per day moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) were: age; Gross Motor Function Classification System level; comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Goal Attainment Scaling T score; Problems in Schools Questionnaire; Physical Activity Climate Questionnaire; Motives for Physical Activities Measure‐Revised; and stage of behaviour change. Multivariable models were selected using the Bayesian information criterion. Results: Overcoming barriers to participation, age, and comorbid ASD explained 49% of the variance in change in COPM‐performance. Being motivated by interest and/or enjoyment and age explained 32% of the variance in change in COPM‐satisfaction. Being motivated by physical activity competence or appearance (extrinsic motivation) explained 24% of the variance in change in BiGSS. Parental autonomy supportiveness, overcoming barriers to participation, appearance motivation, and baseline MVPA explained 59% of the variance in change in MVPA. Interpretation: These findings support a behaviour paradigm for conceptualizing physical activity in children with CP. What this paper adds: Children who met their treatment goals showed a greater increase in physical activity participation.Children who were more intrinsically motivated by physical activity at baseline improved more.Being older and having a comorbid diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were associated with an attenuated effect of the therapy. What this paper adds: Children who met their treatment goals showed a greater increase in physical activity participation.Children who were more intrinsically motivated by physical activity at baseline improved more.Being older and having a comorbid diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were associated with an attenuated effect of the therapy. Editor's Choice More and more, participation in any life situation is rightly highlighted as a goal for intervention, and a most relevant outcome measure.1 This contrasts with previews views that focused on the ability to perform tasks as expected. My Editor's Choice for the May issue is this study of change observed in children with cerebral palsy following an individualized family‐centred, ecological leisure‐time physical activity intervention focused on motivation and participation. It illustrates that participation can be supported meaningfully by organizing therapy in settings that are natural to the child and family. REFERENCE 1. Imms C, Green D, editors. Participation: Optimising Outcomes in Childhood‐Onset Neurodisability. London: Mac Keith Press, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outbreaks of infectious diseases bring behavior and policy responses into sharp focus since societies face acute constraints and uncertainties. This paper compares two infectious disease outbreaks: the Covid‐19 pandemic and the 1665 London plague outbreak described by Daniel Defoe in A Journal of the Year of the Plague published in 1722. We compare three aspects: individual behavior, social behavior, and governance and find striking similarities in behavior in spite of these events being separated by 350 years. We contend that the same models of behavior can be used to explain human responses during such outbreaks regardless of when they occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School exclusion reduction in Scotland—and especially in the city of Glasgow—has received substantial media and policy attention in recent years. In London in particular, multiple governmental agencies have explicitly expressed a desire to replicate the exclusion reduction which recently occurred in Glasgow, often citing the connection between school exclusion and violence as a key motivating factor. In this paper, after presenting the statistical trends in school exclusions in Scotland, England, Glasgow and London, we mobilise original interview data to (1) explain how school exclusion reduction occurred so rapidly in Glasgow between 2007 and 2019, and (2) explore whether a similar reduction in exclusions could occur in contemporary London. We apply a theoretical framework to these issues which derives from Peters' work on policy coordination, allowing us to compare the conditions in Glasgow and London for well‐coordinated pan‐city exclusion reduction. Building on previous research which has contrasted national school exclusion policies in Scotland and England, we conclude that policy conditions surrounding school exclusion in the two cities differ substantially. There are substantial barriers to significant exclusion reduction in London, relating to both city‐ and national‐level factors. There barriers include competition between different agencies working in relevant policy spaces; the fragmentation of the city's education system; the need for better incentivisation of inclusion by Ofsted and the Department for Education; and particular challenges to reframing the issue of school exclusion in London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]