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This article presents an announcement related to optometry conference as of January 1997. Biennial conferences on clinical optometry of College of Optometrist in London, England, will be held in New York in March 1998. The conference will provide a comprehensive update on the development, use and restoration of vision with keynote addresses, papers on recent advances in clinical vision science and an integrated programme of continuing professional education. The format and content of the conference will appeal to all sectors of the optometric community especially the general optometric practitioner who wishes to extend his or her level of expertise in the delivery of primary health care.

Multiple studies have considered whether increased anthropogenic CO2 will affect the wind speeds and turbulence associated with the winter North Atlantic polar‐front jet stream in the upper atmosphere. Key questions are whether any effects can already be seen and, if so, can they be seen independent of computer models of the atmosphere. In this study we use two reanalyses, NCEP/NCAR and the ECMWF ERA5, and two large observational archives, AMDAR/ACARS and the Global Aircraft Data Set (GADS), to try to answer these questions for the period 2002–2020 when automated aircraft observations were plentiful over the North Atlantic. We focus on eastbound, New York to London, flights. No significant increase appears in reanalyses during the last roughly 40 years (1979–2020) which is our best estimate for the modern satellite era. In contrast, for the last roughly 20 years (2002–2020) both the ERA5 reanalysis (2.5% per year) and the GADS archive (1.2% to 1.4% per year) show a statistically significant rise in the wind speed in the North Atlantic jet streak exit region. These results must be considered in the context of atmospheric oscillations, changes to the North Atlantic Track System (NATS), and the effects of aircraft step climbs. We estimate that up to 0.5% of the rise may be due to improvements in the NATS operations and an unknown additional amount may be due to the substantial increase in automated aircraft observations starting in 1997. We also examine the impact of aircraft observations on one's confidence in drawing conclusions from secular changes in the reanalyses. For turbulence, the Light turbulence trends are not statistically significant. Our confidence in the turbulence results is more limited since these observations reflect medium‐term changes in tactical and strategic aircraft operational procedures as well as the underlying prevalence of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London and New York are the leading cities in the world of corporate globalisation: their financial, professional, and creative services are at the centre of the commercial connections that constitute the world city network. The relations between the two cities are more complementary than competitive, commonly indicated by the concept of NY‐LON as a trans‐oceanic service conglomerate for facilitating economic globalisation. However, world city network analysis shows London growing its overall servicing connectivity more than New York. This change in the inter‐city relation is investigated through focus on the service connectivity and agglomeration capacities of the two cities. It is found that they share a very similar connectivity regional profile while simultaneously showing stark differences in their service agglomeration sector profiles. This is shown to be the result of London gaining the rapidly growing super‐rich servicing market. Thus while New York continues its long‐term production of financial innovations, London has grown an offshore platform for global capital specifically in the form of the world's money management centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate which of the two main centers of gold trading-the London spot market and the New York futures market-plays a more important role in setting the price of gold. Using intraday data during a 17-year period, we find that although both markets contribute to price discovery, the New York futures play a larger role on average. This is striking given the volume of gold traded in New York is less than a tenth of the London spot volume, and illustrates the importance of market structure on the process of price discovery. We find considerable variation in price discovery shares both intraday and across years. The variation is related to the structure and liquidity of the markets, daylight hours, and macroeconomic announcements that affect the price of gold. We find that a major upgrade in the New York trading platform reduces the relative amount of noise in New York futures prices, reduces the impact of daylight hours on the location of price discovery, but does not greatly increase the speed with which information is reflected in prices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:564-586, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Previous results show relatively small amounts of time variation in the Hasbrouck (1995) information share across international markets. Using data from a security that was cross-listed on the New York and London Stock Exchanges in the 1860s, we find that the information share changes dramatically during a financial crisis that began in the foreign market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several lists are presented showing the bestselling art books for the summer of 2007 in New York City and in London, England. The lists include the books "Baroque: Architecture Sculpture Painting," "Modern Contemporary: Art Since 1980 at MoMA" and "An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamiliar," by Taryn Simon.

Using a large cross section of intraday data from 25 developed countries, we study commonality in liquidity, both within and across international equity markets, over 15-minute intervals. Within-country and cross-border liquidity commonalities are found to be significant and, after controlling for country and industry effects, relate to such firm-specific measures as size, bid–ask spread, and the extent of analyst coverage. Additionally, within-country liquidity commonality is lower for firms with depository receipts cross listed in New York or London. Cross-border liquidity commonality is particularly high for firms with relatively high actual ownership by foreign institutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:630–652, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the 1980s two global cities New York City and London, England have shown a remarkable convergence in public policy and development patterns. The article analyzes the linkage between the pressures of world economic transformation, on the one hand and political and ideological forces on the other in determining the character of development in these two cities. London and New York are a particularly useful source for comparative study because their common attributes permit the identification of a limited number of variables to explain their differences. They both developed as great ports, their roles as centers of international trade and the requirements for financing that trade, caused them to become the locations of the world's most important financial markets. Each has been the financial capital of a dominant global economic power, and each faces increased competition from other world centers. It is further observed that the governments of New York City and London opted for the route of minimal planning, dampened participation and market distribution. These policies have contributed to highly uneven development, severe shortages of affordable housing, congestion and environmental deterioration.

Compares methadone maintenance programs (MMP) in New York City and drug treatment centers (DTC) in London, England. Treatment of opiate addiction; Legal and moral restrictions which limit the treatment alternatives available to U.S. doctors and MMP administrators; Chemotherapy model followed in DTC and MMP.