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The Canadian Prairies are a major grain production region, producing most of the wheat for export in Canada. Global warming and the associated changes in extreme precipitation and temperature events pose significant risks to agriculture on the Canadian Prairies. Compound hazards can cause higher crop failure than isolated events, especially in the main grain production regions in western Canada. To achieve informed climate risk management, it is critical to characterize the threats posed by compound hazards in current and future climates in western Canada. In this study, return periods of events were computed to assess the potential changes in the hotspots for agriculturally relevant compound events in western Canada using two convection‐permitting climate simulations: current (CTL) climate and future climate under the RCP8.5 scenario based on a pseudo‐global‐warming (PGW) approach. Specifically, our study analyzed agricultural drought, low precipitation, heatwaves, and cool waves related to cool‐season crops. The results showed the overall good performance of the CTL simulation in capturing spatial patterns of these compound events in western Canada. In the current climate, droughts and heatwaves co‐occur mostly in southeastern parts of the prairies. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, they are likely to increase in frequency and expand to cover the major croplands of western Canada. This study provides information that policymakers in the fields of climate change adaptation and agricultural disaster management will find useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNIQUE PREPARATIONS FOR POTENTIAL BLOOD SHORTAGES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC A summary of RBC and platelet supply and demand determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic is shown in Figure 1. The sentinel implementation element of the Plan is the potential to convene the National Emergency Blood Management Committee (NEBMC), a congress of approximately 50 people, consisting of NAC members, provincial and territorial government official, and leadership from CBS medical, supply chain, and government relations groups (see Appendix S1 for the NEBMC Terms of Reference). Keywords: blood inventory; blood operator; blood shortage; COVID-19; pandemic response; transfusion service EN blood inventory blood operator blood shortage COVID-19 pandemic response transfusion service 3258 3266 9 11/05/21 20211101 NES 211101 Abbreviations ADRD Average Daily Red Cell Demand CBS Canadian Blood Services DoH Days on Hand IVIG intravenous immune globulin NAC National Advisory Committee on Blood and Blood Products NEBMC National Emergency Blood Management Committee PEBMC Provincial Emergency Blood Management Committee PPRP plasma protein and related products P/T provincial and territorial RBC red blood cell INTRODUCTION Security of supply is a priority for the blood system and must include consideration of inventory held by the manufacturer and held and utilized by hospital transfusion laboratories. Blood shortages planning in Canada: The National Emergency Blood Management Committee experience during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

The degree to which exercises improve the collaboration among different organizations during an emergency is under debate. This study aims to contribute to the scarce research on this topic by giving insight into the perceived effects of exercises on collaboration, learning, usefulness and interorganizational trust. In particular, this quantitative study looked into the differences between the effects of tabletop and full‐scale exercises. A questionnaire assessing collaboration, learning, usefulness and trust—the CLUT instrument—was developed. Data were collected from 173 full‐time emergency management personnel in Norway and Canada. Usefulness, learning and collaboration outcomes were perceived to be high for both types of exercises, but full‐scale exercises were perceived to have greater learning and usefulness outcomes than tabletop exercises. Stronger relationships were identified between the perceived effects on learning and usefulness, collaboration and trust in tabletop compared to full‐scale exercise, whereas the relationship between the perceived effects upon collaboration and trust was stronger in full‐scale exercises. Multiple regression analysis showed that the variables used to measure exercise usefulness can better predict tabletop exercise outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors discuss the intrinsic social dilemmas that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic planning, as well as the invisibility of the personal support workers (PSW) despite the key role they play in healthcare systems. Also cited are the gendered dynamics of risks that were seen during the pandemic, and how the pandemic showed the limits of biomedicine and the fragility of the for-profit healthcare systems.

How to improve coordination between formal and unaffiliated or spontaneous volunteers after emergencies is currently an international question with a high profile. Drawing on international disaster management literature and experiences and recent crisis events in Canada, our analysis examines four Canadian case studies to show that the inclusion of citizens in EM is becoming indispensable, as simultaneously as the frequency and intensity of natural disasters are seen to be growing due to climate change, and citizens are increasingly presenting their labour and resources as assets to be drawn on in emergency and postemergency situations. In this context, Canadian municipalities are starting to better manage the unpredictability of spontaneous citizen volunteering in emergencies by building anticipatory structures of networked governance for integrating diverse, pre‐existing, and in some cases, pre‐identified groups of citizens as volunteers in emergency management functions. Additionally, as the role of voluntary service organizations is becoming elevated in emergency response and recovery in Canada, these organizations can prospectively play the role of brokers to help emergency management agencies access and manage community‐based networks of voluntary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the coronavirus pandemic has threatened the lives of the vulnerable, ravaged global economic systems. Topics include the information technology infrastructure and maintain the enormous demands upon render results and patient care data available on a continuous basis; and a sufficient number of ventilators have available to care for needing advanced respiratory support demands not sufficient production.

Canadian municipal governments are expected to play a central role in emergency management, which involves developing policies and programs to cope with emergencies and their impacts. But although all communities face potential emergencies, the quality of municipal emergency planning varies considerably from one community to another. This suggests that some municipal decision-makers have recognized emergencies as a problem and have prioritized this issue relative to others competing for attention and resources. This article examines policy-making in municipal emergency management through the lens of the Multiple Streams framework, an analytical model that explains how problems are recognized, how and why they are added to the decision agenda, and how they are matched with policy solutions. Sommaire : Les gouvernements municipaux canadiens sont supposés jouer un rôle essentiel dans la gestion des urgences, ce qui implique l'élaboration de politiques et de programmes pour faire face aux urgences et à leurs répercussions. Mais alors que toutes les collectivités font face à des urgences éventuelles, la qualité de la planification des urgences à l'échelle municipale varie considérablement d'une collectivitéà une autre. Cela laisse entendre que certains décisionnaires municipaux ont reconnu les urgences comme étant un problème et ont accordé la prioritéà cette question par rapport à d'autres rivalisant pour obtenir de l'attention et des ressources. Le présent article examine l'élaboration de politiques dans le domaine de la gestion des urgences dans une municipalité par le biais du cadre Sources multiples, un modèle analytique qui explique comment les problèmes sont reconnus, comment et pourquoi ils sont ajoutés au programme de décisions, et quelles sont les solutions en matière de politiques pour les résoudre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay takes up a recently introduced term, trans-system social ruptures (TSSRs), and demonstrates its applicability to understanding ruptures to transnational systems. Using the relationship between Canada and the United States as a focus point, the article differentiates national from transnational system social ruptures. The article goes on to explore national and transnational system vulnerability to and resiliency from TSSRs. The distinction between the two types of TSSRs poses empirical, operational, and policy implications. The objective and subjective emergence of TSSRs as a social problem has much to offer to our understanding of disaster events and future crises. The article closes with several recommendations for theoretical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their unstable nature, crises are frequently defined as opportunities for managers to make strategic decisions in terms of bringing new configurations into play. According to this perspective, research is undertaken to discover new forms taken on by organisations during times of crisis. Relying on the experience of Local Centres of Community Services in Quebec during the ice storm of 1998, the results of this research permitted us to demonstrate three archetypes of crisis management collectivists, integrators and reactive types, each with the specific characteristics and imperatives as defined by . These consist of leadership, strategies, structures and environments. The research also permitted us to establish participants' appreciation of the performance of their organisation and of the managers dealt with the crisis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of applying theories of configuration in the field of crisis management and several promising areas of research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the field of emergency management indicates that pre-disaster mitigation can significantly reduce the costs of post-disaster reconstruction and recovery. Yet, it is often difficult for disaster mitigation advocates to garner the support of policy- and decision-makers, who tend to focus on other community concerns. Interest in disaster mitigation tends to be highest during the period immediately following a major disaster, when public attention focuses on vulnerabilities that must be addressed through policy. The "focusing event" of 11 September 2001 highlighted the vulnerability of a large urban area to disaster, in this case human-induced. The event had a significant impact on federal emergency management in Canada and the United States and shaped the nature of mitigation policy in the following year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the benefits and difficulties of disaster programs relative to traditional farm programs in the U.S. and Canada. Nature of disaster programs; Details of the Net Income Stabilization Account program in Canada; Model developed to interpret the results in the context of disaster programs.

Presents a research for understanding how Canadian communities cope with flood hazards through an assessment of the complex integration of traditional knowledge, community evolution and modern technologies. Misconceptions among non-residents; Vulnerability to natural hazards; Affect preparedness and response; Field investigations.