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Aim To investigate the effects of Tubastatin A, a selective histone deacetylase-6 inhibitor, on synovial inflammation and joint destruction in a collagen antibody-induced arthritis ( CAIA) mouse model. Methods Collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of various concentrations of Tubastatin A (0, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg). The clinical score and paw thickness were measured. Mice were sacrificed on day 15, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-α, interleukin ( IL)-1 and IL-6 in the serum were analyzed using enyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Two pathologists independently measured the synovitis score. Micro-computed tomography ( CT) scans of the joints were performed to quantify joint destruction. The expression of IL-6 from human fibroblast-like synoviocytes ( FLSs) after incubation with various doses of Tubastatin A (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 μmol/L) was measured using ELISA. Results The clinical arthritis score was significantly attenuated and paw thickness was lower in the group treated with 100 mg/kg Tubastatin A compared with those treated with vehicle alone. The synovitis score was significantly reduced in the 100 mg/kg Tubastatin A-treated group compared with the control group. Micro- CT showed that quantitative measures of joint destruction were significantly attenuated in the 100 mg/kg Tubastatin A-treated group compared with the control. The expression of IL-6 in the sera was lower in the mice treated with Tubastatin A compared with the control. The expression of IL-6 in human FLSs decreased dose-dependently after incubation with Tubastatin A without affecting cell viability. Conclusions Tubastatin A successfully ameliorated synovial inflammation and protected against joint destruction in CAIA mice, at least in part, by modulating IL-6 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate the clinical courses and outcomes of patients with monoarthritis and to investigate the predictive factors of clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 171 patients with chronic monoarthritis at a single tertiary hospital between January 2001 and January 2011. Baseline characteristics, radiographic findings and the clinical course were reviewed. Results The most commonly involved joints were the knees (24.0%), followed by the wrists (22.8%) and ankles (18.7%). A final diagnosis was established in 74 (43.3%) patients. Thirty-one (18.1%) patients were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), 23 (13.5%) with peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA), and 19 (11.1%) with Behçet's disease ( BD). Among 108 patients who were initially undiagnosed, 85 (78.7%) patients remained with undiagnosed monoarthritis, with relatively shorter symptom durations and requiring less treatment. The initially involved joint was a predictive factor for the final diagnosis: the wrist joint for RA (odds ratio [ OR] 11.58, P < 0.001), the ankle joint for SpA ( OR 6.19, P < 0.001), and the knee joint for BD ( OR 3.43, P = 0.014). Bony erosion at baseline was associated with progression to oligo- or polyarthritis ( OR 2.88, P = 0.030) and with radiographic progression. Conclusions In patients presenting with monoarthritis, a final diagnosis was established in less than half of the patients, and a majority of undiagnosed patients showed benign clinical courses. The initially involved joint and the presence of erosion at baseline were predictors of the final diagnosis and of clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]