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Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 685-689 Background and Objective: Salivary statherin, which plays a special role in the defense of tooth integrity, is secreted by both major and minor salivary glands. A significantly reduced expression of this was recently found in human major salivary glands removed from diabetic subjects and was correlated with the high incidence of dental diseases occurring in patients with diabetes. In this study, we measured the density of gold particles indicating statherin immunoreactivity in labial glands to reveal a significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Surgical samples of labial glands obtained from both diabetic and non-diabetic patients were fixed with a glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde mixture, embedded in Epon, and treated for immunogold histochemistry using a polyclonal antibody specific for statherin. Results: Statherin immunoreactivity was detected onto small vesicles diffused throughout the cytoplasm of serous cells. Statistical analysis revealed that the number of stained particles was significantly lower in the samples from diabetic subjects than from non-diabetic subjects. Conclusions: The results indicate that diabetes affects statherin secretion in labial glands and support the hypothesis that the increased susceptibility to oral diseases associated with diabetes could be related with a reduced statherin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]