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Background: Understanding factors that can potentially influence patient care and nursing workload in intensive care units is important. Previous studies have shown contradictory outcomes about the relationships between nursing workload and patient and nurse characteristics. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to investigate nursing workload in intensive care units and examine the association between this in relation to patient and nurse characteristics. Design A cross‐sectional design was conducted. Methods: All nurses who were working in the intensive care units of five hospitals and met the study criteria were enrolled in the study. Two demographic questionnaires collected nurse and patient demographic information. The Nursing Activities Score was applied to determine nursing workload in three shifts (morning, evening, night) for each nurse. Data were analysed using the independent sample t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, and multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: The Nursing Activities Score was calculated for 509 patients who were under the care of 105 intensive care unit nurses. The mean (SD) Nursing Activities Score was 72.84% (22.07%). Morning shifts, male patients, medical treatments, and referred patients from the emergency ward and other intensive care units imposed a higher workload for nurses. Specifically, female nurses, increased number of patients receiving care, and increased patient length of intensive care unit stay were directly associated with increased Nursing Activities Scores. Work in surgical and burn intensive care units were inversely associated with the Nursing Activities Score. Conclusion: This study suggests that the workload of nurses in intensive care units can be affected by both nurse and patient characteristics. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings can be used to ensure appropriate staffing of intensive care units by nurses. However, nurse and patient characteristics should not be considered the only factors that influence nursing workload in intensive care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop and psychometrics a questionnaire for assessing childbirth experience in Iranian women. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was done in women who experienced childbirth within the last 12 hr to 2 months from May to December 2018. Questionnaire items were extracted from a comprehensive review of the available studies and questionnaires on childbirth experiences and definitions implied by qualitative interviews. The designed questionnaire was validated in three stages: face, content and construct. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Result: Iranian women childbirth experience questionnaire contained seven factors with 52 items which were called professional support, husband's and other important support, baby, preparation, fear, positive perception and control were extracted. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient after factor analysis was 0.62–0.92 and for the whole instrument was 0.91. The findings showed that Iranian women childbirth experience questionnaire was valid and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of postgraduate nursing student academic satisfaction scale (PNSASS). Design: The mixed‐method study was carried out in two phases; (a) item generation by hybrid concept analysis and (b) item reduction by psychometric evaluation of the developed scale. Methods: The initial item pool (N = 209) was prepared based on concept analysis results and similar instruments. A total of 402 postgraduate nursing students willingly participated in online data gathering from August 2019 to May 2020. The validity (face, content and construct) and reliability (stability and internal consistency) of the scale were assessed. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified that the scale had four factors which explained 64.80% of the total extracted variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. The reliability of scale was strong to excellent. The results showed that the PNSASS has suitable validity and reliability properties, which can be used to measure the academic satisfaction of postgraduate nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare providers involved in an unexpected adverse patient safety event are affected by negative outcomes of the event and are called 'second victims'. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool has been introduced as a reliable and valid measure to assess the second victim responses and to support recourses of healthcare professionals. Aim: The core objective of this survey was to assess the psychometric attributes of the scale within Iranian nurse. Methods: Having translated the scale based on the WHO guidelines and assessing its face validity, a board of 8 specialists assessed the content validity of the measure. In order to assess the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, a survey was conducted in 5 university‐affiliated hospitals of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale were determined. Results: The Persian version of the scale consists of 29 items and 9 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis illustrated that the scale reflects a foolproof construct validity. Cronbach α coefficients revealed the reliability of the scale (0.68–0.88). Conclusions: The survey proves to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the second victim responses and conceivable support resources of Iranian nurses or other Persian‐speaking healthcare professionals of the region. Implications for health policy and practice: Health policymakers ought to build up large‐scale surveys to determine the degree of second victimization of healthcare professionals so as to offer suitable support systems. Taking the scale into account would improve evaluation of the benefits of second victim support initiatives in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument assessing career success in nurses. Background: Despite the importance of achieving success in nursing, to date, this construct has been measured using unidimensional or generic scales not fully reflecting career success as perceived by nurses. Methods: This scale development study used a large sample of nurses across 10 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Items were generated based on existing literature and previous, research team‐led, qualitative study, followed by testing content and face validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 530 nurses) then assessed the underlying structure of the scale, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and a 2‐week test–retest correlation. Findings: From the initial 73 items, fourteen rated by experts as 'not relevant' and seven with poor face validity were deleted. Exploratory factor analysis further identified 13 poor items. The final 39‐item solution extracted four robust career success factors: expected career progress, providing quality care, effective self‐regulation, and person‐organization fit. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest correlation showed excellent reliability. Conclusion: This multidimensional nursing‐specific scale with very good psychometric properties is suitable for individual/group‐based decisions. Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: This instrument can assess current perceptions of career success in nurses, so work resources can be allocated to improve policies, services and training programmes to meet career aspirations of nurses and objectives of the organization. Having a robust scale of career success will enable future research in the field of career success as specific to nursing in a clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]