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Drug abuse poses great physical and psychological harm to humans, thereby attracting scholarly attention. It often requires experience and time for a researcher, just entering this field, to find an appropriate method to study drug abuse issue. It is crucial for researchers to rapidly understand the existing research on a particular topic and be able to propose an effective new research method. Text mining analysis has been widely applied in recent years, and this study integrated the text mining method into a review of drug abuse research. Through searches for keywords related to the drug abuse, all related publications were identified and downloaded from PubMed. After removing the duplicate and incomplete literature, the retained data were imported for analysis through text mining. A total of 19,843 papers were analyzed, and the text mining technique was used to search for keyword and questionnaire types. The results showed the associations between these questionnaires, with the top five being the Addiction Severity Index (16.44%), the Quality of Life survey (5.01%), the Beck Depression Inventory (3.24%), the Addiction Research Center Inventory (2.81%), and the Profile of Mood States (1.10%). Specifically, the Addiction Severity Index was most commonly used in combination with Quality of Life scales. In conclusion, association analysis is useful to extract core knowledge. Researchers can learn and visualize the latest research trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes empirical investigations of the geographical extent of office markets in the United States during the 1980s. A mixed temporal autoregressive model was estimated for pooled downtown office markets and pooled suburban markets. Results indicate that while the temporal autoregressive effect is stronger for office market vacancies than is the effect of the national trend, their linkages to national trends are significant. However, a mixed spatial autoregression analysis of the data pooled over time indicates that the regional office vacancy effect is stronger than the national office vacancy effect in both downtown and suburban office markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the accounting enforcement program of the U.S. Securities and Exchange (SEC) Commission. Emphasis is placed on the kinds of issues that prompt SEC actions, the perspective of investors on these actions, and the consequences of SEC enforcement initiatives. The authors examine 224 enforcement actions that occurred between April, 1982 and April, 1989. Their analysis shows that such actions have a significant impact on security analysts' expectations for the firm's future earnings, and that firm executives are at risk of adverse consequences in the aftermath of SEC action.

Because of the inception of the FBI Regional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) laboratories, many do not see establishing state/local mtDNA processing laboratories as a priority. Yet there is a long-term need for mtDNA processing that will exceed the capabilities of the FBI Regional mtDNA laboratories and the few other laboratories that are currently processing mtDNA, and that need can be fulfilled by state/local laboratories. Thus, the DNA Unit of the Delaware Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME-DNA Unit) completed validation of in-house mtDNA testing in January 2007. The validation plan for mtDNA processing included the following sections: preliminary research, sensitivity and contamination studies, ExoSAP-IT® optimization, BigDye® optimization, sequencing and 310 optimization, sample preparation and extraction optimization, heteroplasmy, mixtures, and reproducibility. All sections of the validation were successfully completed, and mtDNA processing of skeletal remains, teeth, and hairs, as well as blood and buccal reference samples was adopted by the OCME-DNA Unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research provides the first empirical investigation of how both partners’ attachment orientations contribute to daily sexual goals. Both members of 84 dating couples who attended a large urban university on the West Coast in the United States completed a measure of attachment orientation, and 1 member completed a measure of sexual goals for 14 consecutive days. Analyses showed that attachment anxiety was associated with engaging in sex to please one’s partner and express love, whereas attachment avoidance was associated with engaging in sex to avoid negative relational consequences and was negatively associated with engaging in sex to express love. Daily sexual goals were also associated with the partner’s attachment orientation. Gender moderated many of these associations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies movements in the monthly federal funds rate in the 1990s. Results show that the probability of being in the static-desired-rate regime increased significantly in the 1990s. Moreover, the variance of the first difference of the desired rate in the non-static regime also dropped considerably. This means that the desired rate was less likely to change in the 1990s and that when it did change the average size of those changes was smaller. Further investigations using fundamental pressures rule out either a less aggressive behaviour of the Federal funds in the 1990s or lower volatility of the fundamentals as explanations of the lower variance of first difference in the desired rate.

It is widely argued in the literature on the Great Depression that the prevalence of unit banks aggravated the problem of financial instability that afflicted the United States. This article tests the theory that more widespread branch banking would have reduced financial turbulence by examining the survival of individual branch and unit banks. Results indicate that instead of being more likely to survive, branch banks were more likely to fail Further investigation suggests that this higher failure rate occurred because branch banks systematically held riskier portfolios than unit banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The devastating terror attacks of 11 September 2001 have often been characterized as a ‘bolt from the blue.’ Drawing inspiration from the political psychological literature on strategic surprise, this article poses the deceptively simple question of why so many U.S. policymakers were caught so woefully off guard last year. Through a preliminary empirical exploration of three broad explanatory ‘cuts’ derived from the relevant interdisciplinary literature-psychological, bureau-organizational, and agenda-political-the authors seek to shed light on the sources of failure that may have contributed to 9/11 and point to promising avenues of investigation for future research as the available empirical record becomes more complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the investigation of the selective focusing power of printed questions adjunct to science charts in the U.S. It is an instructional medium used in science textbooks. Questions were designed to selectively focus students' attention on specific columns in a modified science chart with the goal of improving student achievement on a test measuring learning of content contained in specific focused columns. The adjunct-question study examined the generalizability of selective attention and academic studying hypotheses to modified science chart medium. 300 high school students were randomly assigned to four conditions each including a vitamin chart across 16 biology classrooms.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain if distance from cities is as important for juvenile delinquents as for many types of social phenomena. The data employed in the investigation consisted of the average number of cases tried in the juvenile courts of each county of Kansas, for the five years from July 1, 1926, through June 30, 1931 and obtained from the reports of the State Board of Administration. Delinquent rates per 1,000 children aged seven to 17 years, the approximate ages of juvenile delinquents in the state, were calculated for each county, using 1930 Census data as a base. The question being considered in this study explores the relationship between size of the largest community in a county and its delinquent rate. It is evident when 105 counties of Kansas are arranged in groups according to the size of the largest community in the county, that there is at least a rough correlation between the size of the largest community in a county and its delinquent rate for the five-year period. The other question focuses on the relation between the fluctuating tendency for delinquent rates and distance from the focal city. It is reasonable to suppose that distance from a central city is positively related to smallness of delinquent rate.

The article evaluates the existence of shale gas in the U.S., one of the major types of unconventional gas, and the impact of fraccing. It chronicles the evolution of natural gas including fast growth and abundance of shale gas which is proven in places such as northeastern Texas, New York and Ohio. It features an investigation conducted by the House Energy and Commerce Committee on the impact of fraccing on drinking water. The importance of natural gas, particularly shale, is also discussed.