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Background: Adiposity is closely related to hypertension (HTN) in paediatric population. However, which adiposity indicator is most associated with HTN among children and adolescents with intellectual disability remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between HTN prevalence and different adiposity indicators: body mass index (BMI) percentile, body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist‐hip ratio (WHR) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) in students with intellectual disability. Methods: Cross‐sectional study included a sample of 568 schoolchildren with intellectual disability, aged 7–18 years. Blood pressure, BMI, body composition, WC and HC were determined using standardized equipment. Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that male gender, adolescence, high HC and excessive BFP were significant independent factors that increased risk of HTN occurrence in population with intellectual disability. Conclusions: Findings indicated that HC and BFP, in particular, may be helpful tools to detect HTN in population with intellectual disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of the study was to determine neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations in a group of patients with previously undiagnosed or untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) in the south-eastern part of Poland. Methods The study was conducted among 400 adults with severe intellectual disability who were born prior to neonatal screening and who resided in Social Welfare Homes in south-eastern Poland. Participants were aged between 27 and 89 years (mean 51 years). The screening for PKU was performed by blood test using tandem mass spectrometry method (MS/MS) and analysis of organic acids in urine. Among all new identified untreated individuals, neurological symptoms were recorded and neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed with The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH). Results We found 10 previously undiagnosed and one previously diagnosed but untreated individuals with PKU (four women and seven men). The most commonly exhibited neurological manifestations included the following: profound speech disturbances, balance disturbances, muscular hypertonicity, muscular tremors and seizures. The most frequent behaviours included the following: aberrant/troublesome motor behaviour, agitation/aggression and euphoria/elation. Conclusion Data from the present study indicate that future treatment of these individuals should combine a dietary intervention with individual behavioural therapy and neurorehabilitation to improve general health and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]