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The aim of the present study was to assess serum lipid levels before and after treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC) in children with epilepsy. We measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 28 patients whereas only TC levels in 11 patients, during baseline period and at 3 months after the beginning of therapy with OXC. During baseline period, median values were: 4.38 mmol/l (IQR = 4.12–5.03) for TC levels, 1.72 mmol/l (IQR = 1.42–2.01) for HDL-C levels and 1.54 mmol/l (IQR = 1.29–1.96) for TGs levels. At 3 months, median values were: 4.38 mmol/l (4.10–4.95) for TC levels ( P < 0.05), 1.57 mmol/l (1.34–1.93) for HDL-C levels ( P < 0.005) and 1.8 mmol/l (1.23–2.34) for TGs levels ( P < 0.05). Median serum lipid levels remained in the normal range, despite an increasing-trend at 3 months of treatment with OXC. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]