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The learning curve of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is long with existing data suggesting that > 150 supervised cased are required! To shorten the learning period of EUS, a few learning tools have been developed. The learning tools especially designed for EUS and EUS-FNA (live animal model, computer simulator, simple phantom, EUS RK model) were reviewed. There is a need to develop learning tools for EUS that require no maintenance, are inexpensive, readily available, and proven to shorten the learning curve. Few centers have the faculty expertise and adequate caseload (to sufficiently train fellows in EUS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the technique and experience of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided needle aspiration cytology. History of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA); Principles in performing the FNA; Factors that affect the resectability of esophageal cancer.

Standard imaging techniques using a curved linear array echoendocope are summarized to facilitate the attainment of expertise in endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, and to promote the widespread use of this diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Typical images of the mediastinal organs, the bilio-pancreatic systems and neighboring organs by scanning from the esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, and descending portion of the duodenum, are shown in a sequential manner. The basic techniques of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]