9,261 results
Search Results
62. Australia and resources in the Asian century.
- Author
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Garnaut, Ross
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,PRICES ,PER capita ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,MACROECONOMICS ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
The Australian Government's White Paper ' Australia in the Asian Century' is the first large-scale official look in the twenty-first century at economic change in Asia and how it affects Australian opportunities and challenges. This paper comments on the analysis embodied in and the objectives defined by the White Paper, especially as it relates to Australian resources. This paper generally endorses the aspirations of the White Paper and notes that their achievement is going to require efforts and changes beyond those that are currently contemplated. It comments briefly on six things: the development context of twenty-first century Asian growth; growth and structural change in Asia and Australia's terms of trade; macroeconomic management of a resource-intensive Australian economy; restoring productivity growth; excellence in education; and linking Australia to Asian opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Who cares about the UN General Assembly? National delegations size from 1993 to 2016.
- Author
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Vlcek, Vaclav
- Subjects
GREAT powers (International relations) ,INTERNATIONAL security ,DEVELOPING countries ,HUMAN rights ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The UN General Assembly is the central forum of world politics. While it formally allows the member states to delegate up to five representatives, the size of the national delegations is generally larger and significantly increases over time. In this paper, I explore the size of the national delegations to the General Assembly from 1993 to 2016. Generally, the major powers (USA, Russia) send the biggest delegations. Surprisingly, China sends significantly smaller delegations than it used to before 2008. Big delegations are also sent by some small (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Switzerland) or developing countries (Nigeria, Bangladesh). My analysis shows that national capacities and issue‐specific motivations drive up the delegation size. Although the issue‐specific explanations are relatively rare in UN‐related research (due to the general‐purpose nature of the organisation), I argue that human rights, international security, economic development, and UN governance are the agendas for which states care about the General Assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Chinese and Indian economic relations and development assistance to Zimbabwe: Rationale, controversies and significance.
- Author
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Tinarwo, Joseph and Babu, Suresh Chandra
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,ECONOMIC development ,RESOURCE exploitation ,PUBLIC investments ,LEGISLATIVE oversight ,LOAN agreements - Abstract
Recent economic relations including foreign assistance scenario in Africa show expansion of China and India as emerging bilateral partners, competing with traditional countries in Europe and North America. The results of this paper found that the relationship of China and India with Zimbabwe has resulted in several challenges including increasing resource‐backed debt burden, exploitation of the natural resources, and flouting of constitutional, environmental, and labor provisions. The paper recommends that the Zimbabwean government must demand loans and investments that are contracted under clear terms and conditions, with parliamentary oversight and public scrutiny to avoid abuse by the elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Partner country selection between development narratives and self‐interests: A new method for analysing complex donor approaches.
- Author
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Baydag, R. Melis and Klingebiel, Stephan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,PUBLIC goods ,PUBLIC spending ,ECONOMIC development ,SELF-interest ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
Partner country (PC) selection lies in the centre of development policy decision‐making of donor countries and institutions, and plays a significant role in shaping aid patterns. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis contrasting donor intentions in PC selection with actual aid flows. Having analysed selected members of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, namely, the European Union, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, we suggest that (1) donors might not only be either altruistic or self‐interested but also motivated by an intention to contribute to the provision of global public goods; (2) self‐interest in aid provision can be an explicitly‐stated strategy, contrary to what has been argued in the majority of the literature, which often treats self‐interest as a non‐stated donor intention; and (3) donors' self‐interested intentions do not always lead to a less development‐oriented donor approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. The use of accounting information in the tax base in the Pillar 2 global minimum tax: a discussion of the rules, potential problems, and possible alternatives.
- Author
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Hanlon, Michelle
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL taxation ,TAX base ,TAX accounting ,BUSINESS tax ,CAPITAL market - Abstract
In this paper, I provide a high‐level, non‐technical review of how accounting information is used in Pillar 2 and what this means for the tax base. In addition, I discuss potential problems of using accounting data explicitly in a minimum tax and then, specifically, as the starting point for the computation of the income measures in Pillar 2. I then discuss several alternative solutions that may be simpler – or at least no more complex – and, importantly, pose fewer problems in terms of the quality of financial accounting information and the information available to capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Trade, technology, and the labour market: impacts on wage inequality within countries.
- Author
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Wang, Wenxiao, Findlay, Christopher, and Thangavelu, Shandre
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,LABOR supply ,VALUE chains ,SKILLED labor ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market ,OFFSHORE outsourcing ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
This paper focuses on the widening wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers within countries and discusses whether trade and technology have contributed to this trend. The paper develops an analytical framework for wage inequality that traces the determinants and their relative roles in wage inequality in different stages of the development of trade theory, especially those considering new evidence after 2011. We find that technology plays a key role in the rise of wage inequality in most countries, while trade plays an increasingly crucial and more complex role in recent years. Skill supply institutions, such as education systems supplying skilled labour or unions participating in wage‐setting processes, suppress the rise of wage inequality in some countries. The paper further outlines the mechanisms through which trade affects wage inequality, including offshoring, firm heterogeneity, labour market frictions and global value chains. We find that trade has indirect effects on technology, which further enlarges the wage inequality among skills. The paper also discusses the policy implications of the impacts of trade and technology on wage inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. The impact of institutions on financial development: Evidence from East Asian countries.
- Author
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Yongqi Feng and Xinye Yu
- Subjects
FINANCIAL institutions ,ECONOMIC impact ,ECONOMIC development ,PANEL analysis ,TRANSACTION costs - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of institutions on regional financial development using a panel data model of 11 East Asian countries during 1996-2017. It divides the institutional factors into six economic factors and six legalpolitical factors. The analysis demonstrates that the legalpolitical institutional factors have a stronger impact on financial development than the economic institutional factors in East Asia. Improvement in institutional quality such as fiscal freedom, business freedom, control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law can promote financial development. Improvements of these institutional factors facilitate the ability of enterprises to allocate resources and improve the strength of business operations, thereby reducing transaction costs and making the financial operating environment fairer and more efficient. With the improvement of institutional factors, financial development will have more opportunities to develop better. Institutional impacts are more pronounced in the financial development in Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Myanmar than in the other countries such as China, Japan, Korea and Singapore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Development policy, inequity and civil war in Nepal<FNR></FNR><FN>The earlier version of this paper was presented at the UNU/WIDER conference on Making Peace Work in Helsinki. This revised version has benefited from comments from Prema-chandra Athukorala, Edward Oczkowski and an anonymous referee. Needless to say all remaining errors are mine. </FN>
- Author
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Sharma, Kishor
- Subjects
CIVIL war ,ECONOMIC development ,POPULATION ,AGRICULTURE ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
It is argued that the civil war which erupted in Nepal in the mid 1990s had its seeds sown five decades ago when the country embarked on the economic development plan which placed a heavy emphasis on an urban-based import-substitution strategy. This strategy failed to benefit 86 per cent of the population who live in rural areas and rely on agriculture. This, together with poor governance, significantly increased unemployment, poverty and rural–urban inequality by the mid 1990s, leading to the eruption of civil war. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. The effect of export composition on energy demand: A fresh evidence in the context of economic complexity.
- Author
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Can, Muhlis, Brusselaers, Jan, and Mercan, Mehmet
- Subjects
COINTEGRATION ,ENERGY consumption ,DEVELOPING countries ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,DEVELOPED countries ,ECONOMIC expansion ,DIVERSIFICATION in industry - Abstract
Energy is pivotal for sustainable economic growth. Undoubtedly, the role of the composition of the export basket (measured as economic complexity) is one of the crucial variables influencing energy consumption. Despite its importance, the existing body of literature does not intensively study the relationship between economic complexity and total energy consumption. Therefore, this study's primary aim was to examine the effect of economic complexity on energy consumption in a case study of 21 developed and 44 developing countries for the period 1971–2014. In this context, economic complexity expresses the level of sophistication of a country's export basket. This paper considers energy prices and income as explanatory variables in Durbin‐H panel cointegration analysis and applies a cointegration test with structural breaks to check for the long‐run relationships. For the long‐run estimations, we employ the augmented mean group method and dynamic seemingly unrelated regression. The findings reveal that economic complexity increases energy consumption in developing countries while it decreases energy consumption in developed countries. This is an important insight for countries concerned about their energy dependence. The diversification of their production and export baskets can reduce energy needs. The paper finally presents policy recommendations based on the empirical estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Rural tourism and the development of less favoured areas—between rhetoric and practice<FNR></FNR><FN>Revised version of a paper presented to the XII Summer Institute of the European Regional Science Association, ‘Tourism Sustainability and Territorial Organization’, Faro, Portugal, 4–10 July 1999. </FN>
- Author
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Ribeiro, Manuela and Marques, Carlos
- Subjects
TOURISM ,RURAL tourism ,COMMUNITY development ,ECONOMIC development ,TRAVEL - Abstract
Tourism has, in recent times, been advocated as a particularly efficient way to promote the development of the so-called less favoured regions, mostly inland and mountain, owing to its potential for employment and income creation and the synergies it is able to generate in other sectors of activity. Based on the results of empirical research carried out in two distinct inland zones of Portugal, this article tries to demonstrate that a wide gap and considerable contradictions are emerging between the rhetoric and the real benefits that tourism has been producing in the local societies and economies of these regions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Corruption: The good, the bad, and the uncertain.
- Author
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Bologna Pavlik, Jamie
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,CORRUPTION ,BRIBERY ,PAYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Abstract: This paper argues that the relationship between corruption and economic growth is dependent upon the uncertainty involved. Employing data on a cross‐section of countries, this paper uses an interaction between the frequency of bribery payments and the uncertainty regarding the delivery of the service in exchange for these bribes to show that corruption has a negative association with growth unless the uncertainty is minimal. Furthermore, the negative association becomes larger in magnitude with higher levels of uncertainty. At extremely high levels of uncertainty a relatively small increase in corruption, equivalent to moving from Sweden to the United States for example, is associated with economically large decreases in economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Introduction to First Set of Papers Accepted by the New Editorial Team.
- Author
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Bhattacharyya, Sambit, Hoeffler, Anke, Hansen, Henrik, McKay, Andy, and Stifel, David
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,KUZNETS curve ,POVERTY - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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74. Digital Readiness Assessment of Countries in Africa: A Case Study Research.
- Author
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Assefa, Shimelis, Rorissa, Abebe, and Alemneh, Daniel
- Subjects
DIGITAL technology ,BROADBAND communication systems ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
There is an increasing uptake of digital technologies across African countries. Public, private, and government services have adopted and utilized digital technologies to improve work processes, productivity, create jobs, and better service delivery. This short paper seeks to answer these questions: What is the current state of digital readiness in African countries? Do existing digital readiness assessment tools, indicators, or metrics, help to assess the digital readiness of countries in Africa? Analysis of publicly available data from Cisco index of readiness score and Broadband speed ranking by cable.co.uk, reveal that: 1) African countries' digital readiness score is below the global average of 11.96, on a scale of 0 to 25 (except Tunisia with readiness average score of 12.05); and 2) African countries' broadband speed is below the global mean speed of 25Mbps (mean speed of 4.51 and 3.80 Mbps for sub‐Saharan Africa and North Africa, respectively). Second, analysis of various assessment tools show that the existing metrics can't be used as is to diagnose and evaluate Africa's digital readiness. Instead factors such as availability of adequate infrastructure; last‐mile connectivity to homes, schools, businesses, and government agencies; and skill gaps should be considered. The implications of this study are to show the need for an appropriate assessment tools so countries in Africa prioritize efforts to embrace digital readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. What is the fracking story in Canada?
- Author
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Olive, Andrea
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC fracturing ,INDUSTRIAL pollution ,PUBLIC health ,WATER pollution prevention ,ECONOMIC development ,FRAMES (Social sciences) ,ENERGY policy ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper examines news media coverage of hydraulic fracturing in Canada over a five-year period in five newspapers. Hydraulic fracturing, or 'fracking,' has reenergized the North American oil and gas market. This technology has increased economic growth, but it also comes with unknown and uncertain environmental and public health risks. Regulation of the fracking industry varies globally. In Canada there are three provinces that engage in large volume fracking and four provinces that have placed a moratorium on fracking. This paper demonstrates that the Canadian fracking story is about five frames: water pollution, economic benefits, uncertain risks, moratoriums, and energy independence. There is a difference between coverage in the two national newspapers as well as a difference in national and provincial coverage. In Nova Scotia, where fracking is banned, the media focuses primarily on environmental issues and benefits to the local economy. In Saskatchewan, where fracking for oil is an essential part of the economy, the media focuses on economic benefits and downplays other frames. Overall, across the five papers, the media coverage is highly selective and focuses on particular stories about the economy or the environment, but not both. Quelle est la chronique de la fracturation hydraulique au Canada? Cet article fait état de la couverture médiatique liée à la fracturation hydraulique au Canada par cinq journaux sur une période de cinq ans. La fracturation hydraulique a revitalisé le marché nord-américain des hydrocarbures. Cette technologie favorise la croissance économique, mais comporte également des risques écologiques et sanitaires inconnus et incertains. La réglementation régissant l'industrie de la fracturation varie selon les pays. À l'échelle canadienne, trois provinces ont réalisé d'importantes opérations de fracturation et quatre provinces ont imposé un moratoire à la fracturation hydraulique. Cet article montre que le cadrage médiatique de la fracturation hydraulique repose sur cinq thématiques : la pollution hydrique, les retombées économiques, l'incertitude liée aux risques, les moratoires et la souveraineté énergétique. Le cadrage médiatique varie entre les deux journaux nationaux ainsi qu'entre les médias nationaux et provinciaux. En Nouvelle-Écosse, où la fracturation est interdite, les médias mettent l'accent sur les questions environnementales et les retombées pour l'économie locale. En Saskatchewan, où la fracturation pour extraire du pétrole joue un rôle économique primordial, les médias se concentrent sur les retombées économiques et minorent l'importance des autres thématiques. Dans l'ensemble, les cinq journaux appliquent un filtre sélectif dans le traitement du sujet et publient des reportages spécifiques portant sur l'économie ou sur l'environnement, mais pas les deux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Call For Papers.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *ECONOMIC models , *ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Discusses the adoption of neoliberal economic models by Latin American countries as they emerged from military dictatorships into democracies. South American countries' exploitation of natural resources and its relation to their economy; Occurrence in the shift in economic policies of most South American governments in parallel with the forces of political change.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. China's Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for intra‐regional trade in Africa.
- Author
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Kalu, Kenneth, Farrell, Carlyle, and Lin, Xiaohua
- Subjects
BELT & Road Initiative ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ECONOMIC development ,NATURAL resources ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,ECONOMIC development projects - Abstract
This paper considers the prospects and promises of continent‐wide infrastructure projects under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and its implications for intra‐regional trade and economic development in Africa. Building on the supply side theory of trade and economic development, and taking cognizance of the impacts of asymmetric market sizes on trade integration, this paper argues that continent‐wide infrastructure projects are perhaps not the biggest constraints to intra‐Africa trade. Consequently, the paper recommends caution in pursuing regional infrastructure projects under the BRI. Given that the economies of most African countries depend largely on natural resources, the BRI could be adopted strategically to establish and manage infrastructure projects that would relax the binding constraints to structural transformation and allow for the development of manufacturing and/or service capabilities in the respective countries, especially in niche areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Strategic collaboration: Examining the possibilities of cooperation among local economic developers.
- Subjects
AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,INFORMATION asymmetry ,ECONOMIC development ,COMMUNITY involvement ,INVOLUNTARY relocation ,GEOGRAPHERS - Abstract
Site selection processes whereby companies choose a location for an expansion or relocation have changed substantially over the past several decades. One key shift has been the emergence of collaboration among both individual economic developers and cooperation among the communities they represent. The rise in collaborative practices has also been increasingly reflected in the contemporary economic development literature outside the discipline of geography. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of economic development studies of collaboration and then to suggest ways that geographers might use concepts from that scholarship to inform and extend the limited number of studies exploring site selection practices. The paper begins by offering a context for the emergence of collaboration trends by highlighting the ways that information asymmetry in site selection processes create a demand for greater collaboration among industry practitioners. It then turns to an overview of the burgeoning literature on collaboration that has evolved over the last decade in the interdisciplinary scholarship on economic development. Next, the paper shifts to a discussion of the ways that geographers might use the literature on collaboration to inform studies of site selection, specifically focusing on geographic scale and research on site selection consultants as possible areas for future investigation. The article concludes by arguing that studying collaboration in the context of geographies of site selection holds the potential for greater insights into the broader outcomes of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Holidays and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of Indian states.
- Author
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Ghosh Dastidar, Sayantan and Apergis, Nicholas
- Subjects
HOLIDAYS ,POLITICAL parties ,VOTERS ,ELECTIONS ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The number of holidays differs significantly across Indian states. Moreover, some of the governing political parties have been accused of using holidays as a tool either to mollify disgruntled workers or to woo voters before the state elections. In this context, this paper explores the relationship between the number of holidays and economic growth across 24 Indian states, spanning the period 2008–2016, by employing a panel model analysis. The paper presents evidence suggesting that holidays seem to affect growth negatively in the rich states but are inconsequential for the growth performance of the poor states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Review of the social and economic dynamics under Colombian mining policy: Cursing the blessing?
- Author
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Saldarriaga Isaza, Adrián
- Subjects
BLESSING & cursing ,SOCIAL dynamics ,MINES & mineral resources ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,RESOURCE curse - Abstract
This paper describes the socio‐economic dynamics that, in the Colombian case, underlie the relationship between mining and the territory where it takes place. The description includes the key features of public policy regarding mining, under which mineral resource extraction may have produced unintended effects that raise doubts regarding mining's contribution to Colombian economic development. Under a qualitative approach, I carried out a documentary analysis from which I identified several aspects of the economic and mining policy. The analysis confirms several of the explanations for the so‐called resource curse hypothesis, the connection between these aspects, and of them with specific policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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