40 results
Search Results
2. ARE IMMIGRANTS MORE MOBILE THAN NATIVES? EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY.
- Author
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Schündeln, Matthias
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
ABSTRACT Low rates of internal migration in many European countries contribute to the persistence of significant regional labor market differences. I use the Mikrozensus, a large annual sample of households living in Germany, to further our understanding of the underlying reasons. This paper makes two main contributions: first, the paper quantifies the disutility of migrating. To this end, I estimate conditional logit models of the migration decision across the German federal states. Second, I then focus on the differences between immigrants and natives. I find significantly higher responsiveness to labor market differentials in the immigrant population than in the native population. Unobserved moving costs for immigrants are estimated to be only about 31 percent of this same cost for natives. The findings bear on the assessment of the economic impact of immigration, and the paper contributes to the current immigration-related policy debates that feature prominently in many European countries, and that likely will continue to be important in light of the ongoing EU expansion and the resulting east-west migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Tale of Two Tails: Establishment Size and Labour Productivity in United States and German Manufacturing at the Start of the Twentieth Century.
- Author
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Veenstra, Joost and Jong, Herman
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,LABOR productivity ,MANUFACTURING industries ,EMPLOYMENT ,UNITED States economy ,HISTORY - Abstract
This paper studies the importance of establishment size for the German/US labour-productivity gap in manufacturing at the start of the twentieth century. First, we show that the left tail of the employment distribution by establishment size was larger in Germany than in the USA. Second, using US state data for 1909, we find a positive correlation between establishment size and labour productivity. Third, imposing the coefficients of these estimates on establishment-size differences between Germany and the USA, we calculate that a redistribution of German employment to larger establishments, as in the USA, reduces the labour-productivity gap by about 25 per cent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. THE IMPACT OF SIMPLE FISCAL RULES IN GROWTH MODELS WITH PUBLIC GOODS AND CONGESTION.
- Author
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GHOSH, SUGATA and NOLAN, CHARLES
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,PUBLIC goods ,PUBLIC finance ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,ECONOMIC indicators ,PUBLIC administration ,PUBLIC investments - Abstract
In this paper we examine the implication of a simple class of fiscal rules for long-run economic growth and welfare. The Golden Rule of Public Finance that we examine is motivated by institutional arrangements in countries such as Germany and the UK. We find that rules that seek to limit government borrowing to productive investment spending have a clear justification in terms of growth and welfare when government-provided goods are otherwise excessively provided. Even in the case where it is private consumption that is excessive, the Golden Rule of Public Finance is likely to be good from a growth perspective, but the welfare effects are more ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The localisation of entrepreneurship capital: Evidence from Germany.
- Author
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Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC indicators ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,ECONOMIC history ,CULTURE - Abstract
Whereas initially physical capital and later, knowledge capital were viewed as crucial for growth, more recently a very different factor, entrepreneurship capital, has emerged as a driving force of economic growth. In this paper, we define a region's capacity to create new firms start-ups as the region's entrepreneurship capital. We then investigate the local embeddedness of this variable and which variables have an impact on this variable. Using data for Germany, we find that knowledge-based entrepreneurship capital is driven by local levels of knowledge creation and the acceptance of new ideas, indicating that local knowledge flows play an important role. Low-tech entrepreneurship capital is rather increased by regional unemployment and driven by direct incentives such as subsidies. All three measures are locally clustered, indicating that indeed, entrepreneurship capital is a phenomenon that is driven by local culture, and is therefore locally bounded. Mientras que inicialmente el capital físico, y posteriormente el capital conocimiento, fue considerado crucial para el crecimiento, más recientemente un factor muy diferente, el capital empresarial de espíritu emprendedor ( entrepreneurship capital), ha surgido como una fuerza impulsora de crecimiento económico. En este artículo, definimos como capital empresarial emprendedor la capacidad de una región para originar la puesta en marcha de nuevas empresas. A continuación investigamos el arraigo local de esta variable y las variables que tienen un impacto sobre esta variable. Usando datos de Alemania, hallamos que el capital empresarial emprendedor basado en el conocimiento está motivado por niveles locales de creación de conocimiento y la aceptación de nuevas ideas, indicando que los flujos de conocimiento local juegan un papel importante. El capital empresarial emprendedor basado en bajas tecnologías aumenta con el desempleo regional y está motivado por incentivos directos como subsidios. Las tres variables están agrupadas localmente ( locally clustered), indicando que sin duda el capital empresarial emprendedor es un fenómeno motivado por la cultura local, y por tanto atribuible a una localidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. THE LISBON AGENDA AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY: GOVERNANCE IMPLICATIONS FROM A GERMAN PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
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GRIMM, HEIKE M.
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,ECONOMIC competition ,ECONOMIC development ,EUROPEANIZATION ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
With the Lisbon Strategy and mandate, the European Commission committed itself to promoting entrepreneurship as a major driver of innovation, competitiveness, and growth. This paper demonstrates that the renaissance of entrepreneurship policy along with the implementation of the Lisbon Agenda resulted in the localization of policy-making, and re-strengthened policy-makers on the ground to successfully mobilize directly at the supranational level. Furthermore, it shows that EU entrepreneurship policy-making has contributed to a shift from hierarchical government to a more horizontal and interactive form of governance in the new German Laender which were highly exposed to Structural Funds and the Lisbon Agenda. The focus of analysis on the sub-national level helps to fill an academic void in Europeanization and governance literature. By integrating a region- and policy-specific perspective, this contribution goes beyond theorizing the regional dimension of Europeanization in a multi-level governance scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Integration, Social Networks and Economic Success of Immigrants: A Case Study of the Turkish Community in Berlin.
- Author
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Danzer, Alexander M. and Ulku, Hulya
- Subjects
SOCIAL integration ,SOCIAL networks ,IMMIGRANTS ,ECONOMIC development ,INCOME ,TURKS ,CASE studies ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
SUMMARY The observation that some immigrants choose not to integrate into the host society has caused political controversies across European states. This paper hypothesizes that immigrants can exploit social networks of different scales in order to substitute for costly integration. Using a novel dataset of Turkish households in Berlin, which was specifically collected for this analysis, we investigate the determinants of integration as well as the impact of integration and networks on households' economic success. We find evidence that integration promotes income even after accounting for potential endogeneity bias. Using endogenous switching regression model, we test whether local ethnic networks can be successfully used to generate household income. In line with the view that there is a trade-off between integration and the establishment of ethnic contacts, we find that local ethnic and familial networks increase the income of unintegrated migrants, while transnational networks decrease it. Moreover, education is more income improving for integrated than non-integrated immigrants and remaining closely integrated within their own ethnic group is more economically advantageous for poorer households. These results provide evidence that integration is the rational strategy for better-off immigrants while it may be too costly for poorer immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Exploring Cosmopolitanity and Connectivity in The Polycentric German Urban System.
- Author
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Growe, Anna and Volgmann, Kati
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,INFORMATION technology ,INVESTMENT management ,ECONOMIC development ,DECISION making ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This paper investigates the theoretical concept that a city is always influenced by the relations it has to its hinterland and to other cities. Taylor and colleagues point out that city-city relations and city-hinterland relations can be understood as two sides of a coin. Using this conception the polycentric structure and dynamics of the German urban system can be described through: (i) metropolitan functions representing city-hinterland relations (cosmopolitanity) and (ii) a network of cities representing city-city relations (connectivity). Measuring separately the degrees of cosmopolitanity and connectivity, we look at whether the German urban system after reunification has grown together, becoming one balanced urban system, and what role Berlin - as the new capital in the overall system - now has. The results of the two perspectives are compared and analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. How Much Did Oil Market Developments Contribute to the 2009 Recession in Germany? How Much Did Oil Market Developments Contribute to the 2009 Recession in Germany?
- Author
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Carstensen, Kai, Elstner, Steffen, and Paula, Georg
- Subjects
PETROLEUM industry ,ECONOMIC development ,RECESSIONS ,ECONOMIC structure ,VECTOR autoregression model ,PRICE increases - Abstract
In this paper, we use a structural vector autoregressive model to study the effects of oil market developments on the German economy. We find that higher oil prices are always associated with a decline in private consumption expenditures, but the response of gross domestic product (GDP) crucially depends on the underlying shock. While a disruption in oil supply provokes a recession, positive world demand shocks prompt a temporary increase in exports and investment, which initially outweigh the cutback on consumption. In a counterfactual analysis, we show that the world demand shocks that led to the 2007/2008 oil price rise triggered a delayed 0.8 percent decrease in German GDP in 2009, and therefore notably contributed to the recession of that year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Transnational Islam, immigrant NGOs and poverty alleviation: The case of the IGMG.
- Author
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Ozkan, Mehmet
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,CIVIL society ,ECONOMIC development ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,POVERTY - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of International Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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