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The patients sensitised to sunscreen agents who attended our Contact Dermatitis Clinic between February 1985 to March 1987 have been reviewed, 15 (5%) of 280 patients tested with sunscreens had positive reactions; 3 of them were allergic to more than one agent. The most frequent contact allergens were hydroxy methoxy methyl benzophenone (Mexenone) [6], followed by isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (Eusolex 8020/8021)[5]. octyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoate (Escalol 507) [2]. and one reaction each to butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), amyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoate (Escalol 506), and ethoxy ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (Givtan F). Positive photopatch tests were seen with isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane, para-aminobenzoate (PABA) and ethoxy ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate, one reaction each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final diagnoses made in 989 patients consecutively patch tested in 1990 have been reviewed. Among the men, their dermatitis was entirely occupational in 17.9% and partially so in 12.5%, Among the women, it was entirely occupational in 6.4% and partially so in 9.5% both groups, irritants exceeded allergens as the cause, whereas allergens superseded irritants in the patients with a non- occupational eczema caused or aggravated by external factors. It seems likely that domestic irritants were overlooked in patients with a non-occupational dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six cases contact dermatitis from a lip salve are described. Five were allergic to phenyl salicylate and one to geraniol in the fragrance. The dermatitis spread in a ring around the mouth. Phenyl salicylate has been removed from the formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triclocarban was subjected to a profiling of its dermatitis producing potential including irritancy (21-day cumulative irritancy potential and application to 213 normal controls), phototoxicity (method of Marzulli), predictive contact sensitization (modified Draize method), predictive phototesting and battery screening in 2200 dermatitis patients, in an effort to define its relative dermatitis potential. The allergic contact dermatitis potential of triclocarban following bar soap use appears minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triclocarban was subjected to a profiling of its dermatitis producing potential including irritancy (21-day cumulative irritancy potential and application to 213 normal controls), phototoxicity (method of Marzulli), predictive contact sensitization (modified Draize method), predictive phototesting and buttery screening in 2200 dermatitis patients, in an effort to define its relative dermatitis potential. The allergic contact dermatitis potential of triclocarban following bar soap use appears minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, artificial nail products containing methyl methacrylate monomer caused sufficient consumer complaints involving onycholysis, nail discoloration and/or irritation. To determine frequency of reaction and appropriate patch test concentration, studies were performed. Of 542 dermatitis patients tested, one patient reacted to ethyl methacrylate and one to ethyl and butyl methacrylate. Both patients were believed to have allergic type reactions; both were considered possibly to be of past relevance because of history of dermatitis.

This article presents changes recommended jointly by the ICDRG and EECDRG to the standard series. While potassium dichromate 0.25% pet. gives less false positive reactions than 0.5% pet. It also misses too many true positive reactions. Of 2939 patients tested in a recent EECDRG multicentre study, 143 reacted to both. In 96, chromate allergy was considered relevant. Since PPD-dihydrochloride 0.5% pet. replaced PPD-base 1% pet. in 1984, the frequency of PPD sensitivities were missed with PPD-dihydrochloride.

Antioxidants are commonly added to cosmetics. Allergy to these substances will be missed unless specifically looked for. During a 2-year period, patients with facial dermatitis have been routinely tested with butylhydroxyanisole and tertiary butylhydroquinone. 7 patients are reported who have been shown to have an allergic contact dermatitis to an antioxidant in their cosmetics or toiletries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two patch test units, the Al-test and the Finn chamber are currently being used for patch testing at different centers. The results of patch testing using these two units were compared by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Duplicate strips with five specific allergens, one using the Al-test and the other with the Finn chamber, were placed on the upper left hand side of the back of each patient. Among the total patients the largest proportion of the paired results, 70 % were the same for the Al-test and the Finn chamber.

For many years, there has been discussion as to whether perfume or the fragrance ingredient of cosmetics was a rare of frequent cause of reactions to cosmetics, as of February 9, 2004. Understandably cosmetic chemists would often consider the perfume responsible for adverse reactions probably for no other rational reason than that they did not personally exercise any quality control over the fragrance, while the perfumer took the opposite view for the reason that he did exercise control over the ingredients of the fragrance, because it was his special field of experience and expertise.

The results of patch testing with mercaptobenzothiazole, I % in petrolatum and with mercaptobenzothiazole mixture (mercapto-mix; MBT Mix) has been recorded in the present study related to contact dermatitis. Mercapto-mix consisted of mercaptobenzothiazole, N-cyclohexylbenzothiazylsulphenamide, dibenzothiazyldisulfide and morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole 0.25 %each in petrolatum. MBT Mix and mercapto mix showed variable results to patch tests. It has been suggested that the concentration of mercaptobenzothiazole used in the mercapto-mix was low enough to produce some false negative patch test reactions.

This article focuses on a study related to the contact dermatitis from Euxyl K 400 in cucumber eye gel. Over the past 3-4 years, Euxyl K 400 has been marketed as a preservative for cosmetics. Initially considered to have limited sensitizing potential, evidence points to Euxyl K 400 becoming an increasingly recognized cause of cosmetic dermatitis. Two patients, both female, developed severe eyelid eczema shortly after using a newly introduced refreshing cucumber eye gel. No reactions were seen in 25 controls tested with Euxyl K 400 1% pet.

Contact sensitivity to topical corticosteroids is recognized but generally considered to be rare. Many patients between 1987 to 1989, were patch tested with topical corticosteroids, including tixocortol pivalate (TP), hydrocortisone, clobetusol propionate (CP), budesonide and others. 47 patients were testes positive to CP, of which 15 were positive to one or more other steroids too. 21 of patients tested to CP were negative to TP and of these were also positive to one or more other steroids.

The article focuses on the quantification of excited skin syndrome retesting one patch at a time. Non-specific patch tests have multiple causes, the excited skin syndrome or "angry back" refers to two or more positives occurring in battery testing, which on repetition one by one, reveals some to be non-reproducible. The joint ICDRG study attempts to quantify this phenomenon. Patients entering the study had two or more positives with the basic ICDRG routine series. Approximately at weekly intervals they were retested one at a time with the two most clinically important positives.

A female, aged 19, had an adhesive tape reaction at the age of 4 years. Two years ago she had a rash on the right middle finger. One year ago she had metal contact dermatitis from a necklace, earrings and a watch. She had a severe reaction to the adhesive tape used in for the patch tests. This was Plastaid®. Examination showed that a red scaly, papulo-vesicular dermatitis of the palms and fingers. Information from the manufactures revealed that the tape contained natural rubber, an antioxidant, rosin, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, lanolin, rubber process oil and maize starch

The article discusses how a yellow solution applied over the burnt hand caused picric acid dermatitis. A restaurant worker used to apply a yellow solution from a first aid kit whenever he had burnt and After applying he had rashes around the burn and spreads to the arm and genitalia. He subsequently used "sedative ointment." The patch test result showed that the yellow solution had picric acid 1% in water and the "sedative ointment" contained zinc hammamelidis, balsam of Peru and benzocaine. Both preparations had been made by a pharmacist "friend" for the restaurant staff's first aid box.

105 patients with foot dermatitis, seen over a period of 18 months, were patch tested with various shoe allergens, 47 showed a positive reaction to 1 or more allergens. The majority of the cases (37-47) were chrome-positive, Positive to plastic material was observed in 8, whereas, rubber and rubber chemicals accounted for 5 cases. Of special interest were positive reaction to 1,3-diphenylguanidine in 3 and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolessulfenamide in 2 cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact dermatitis of the feet is common in Nigeria, 136 patient with dermatitis of the feet were investigated; 83 had positive patch tests, 59 to chemicals in shoes; 22 reached to rubber chemicals and 16 lo chromate, 53 had negative patch tests. The causal mechanisms and treatment methods are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a study by the International Contact Dermatitis Research group (ICDRG), patients at St. John's Hospital were patch tested in two groups of 75 patients in 1968 and 74 patients in 1973 with nickel sulphate 5% and 2.5% in petrolatum and results compared. In the two groups a few patients were negative to 5% and positive to 2.5%. In 1973, every patient was treated to 5%, 3.5% and 2.5% nickel sulphate in petrolatum. Of 19 nickel sensitive patients, 18 reached to 5%, 16 to 5% and 3.5%, and 11 were positive to 5%, 3.5%and 2.5%.

Background: Benzisothiazolinone (BIT; CAS no. 2634‐33‐5) is used as a biocide in various products, including water‐based paints, metalworking fluids, and household products. In recent years, increasing sensitization rates have been observed in Europe. Objective: To describe a time trend of sensitization to BIT, analyse concomitant reactions, and identify patients with increased risk of BIT sensitization. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 26 739 patients patch tested with BIT, sodium salt, 0.1% petrolatum as part of several special test series within the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2002 to 2021. Results: Positive reactions to BIT were noted in 771 patients (2.9%). Sensitization frequency varied over time and increased in recent years, peaking at 6.5% in 2020. Painters and metalworkers handling metalworking fluids, but not cleaners, had a significantly increased risk of BIT sensitization. From our data, there is no evidence of immunological cross‐reactivity between BIT and other isothiazolinones. Conclusion: The increasing frequency of sensitization justifies adding BIT to the baseline series. More research on the clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions to BIT and the cause for the rising numbers of BIT sensitization is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on irritant contact urticaria due to diethyl fumarate. A 20-year-old female university chemistry student was working in a laboratory, preparing an ester as a practical exercise. About one hour after the start of the synthesis, she developed an itchy, blotchy, erythema on the back of her hands and on the face. She was patch tested to a standard series of allergens and to diluted preparations of the organic chemicals with which she had been in contact. It is considered that the erythema which the patient experienced could have been due to contact with the vapour of diethyl fumarate which she encountered during its synthesis.

This article presents a list of members of the Editorial Advisory Board who have reviewed papers published in the journal "Contact Dermatitis." Names of some of the members are, T. Agner, C.F. Allenby, J. Ashworth, E. Cronin, A. Lahti, J. Smit, J. Serup.

Background: Hand eczema is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Health care providers need continuously updated information about the management of hand eczema to ensure best treatment for their patients. Objectives: To update the European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment on of hand eczema. Method: The Guideline Development Group (GDG) was established on behalf of the ESCD. A call for interest was launched via the ESCD website and via the ESCD members' mailing list. Appraisal of the evidence for therapeutic and preventive interventions was applied and a structured method of developing consensus was used and moderated by an external methodologist. The final guideline was approved by the ESCD executive committee and was in external review on the ESCD webpage for 1 month. Results: Consensus was achieved for several statements and management strategies. Conclusion: The updated guideline should improve management of hand eczema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on systemic allergic dermatitis (SAD; also known as systemic contact dermatitis) is reviewed. Both topical drugs (from absorption through mucosae or skin) and systemic drugs (oral, parenteral, rectal) may be responsible for the disorder. The topical route appears to be rare with 41 culprit topical drugs found to cause SAD in 95 patients. Most reactions are caused by budesonide (especially from inhalation), bufexamac, and dibucaine. SAD from systemic drugs is infrequent with 95 culprit drugs found to cause SAD in 240 patients. The drugs most frequently implicated are mitomycin C, methylprednisolone (salt, ester), and hydrocortisone (salt). The largest group of culprit drugs consisted of corticosteroids (19%), being responsible for >30% of the reactions, of which nearly 40% were not caused by therapeutic drugs, but by drug provocation tests. The most frequent manifestations of SAD from drugs are eczematous eruptions (scattered, widespread, generalized, worsening, reactivation), maculopapular eruptions, symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE [baboon syndrome]) and widespread erythema or erythroderma. Therapeutic systemic drugs hardly ever cause reactivation of previously positive patch tests and infrequently of previous allergic contact dermatitis. The pathophysiology of SAD has received very little attention. Explanations for the rarity of SAD are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis and irritant reactions to sunscreens are common reasons for dermatology consultation. Patch testing for contact allergy relies on up‐to‐date knowledge of allergen exposures. The aim of this study was to investigate contact allergens and photoallergens in sunscreens commercially sold on the shelves of supermarkets and pharmacies in New Zealand. Methods: A comprehensive market data review of suppliers' websites was performed from March to August 2019 to obtain a list of the commonly sold sunscreens in our region. Ingredients were collated and analysed according to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) names. Ultraviolet (UV) filters, preservatives and fragrances were included for analysis. Place of sale and cost of sunscreens were also recorded. Results: Ninety‐five sunscreens were analysed: 36% sold in supermarkets, 43% in pharmacies and the remainder available in both. The most frequent UV filters were butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (contained in 70% of products) followed by octocrylene (63%) and homosalate (50%). The common photoallergen benzophenone 3 was found in 19% of products. Phenoxyethanol was the most common preservative (68%) followed by disodium EDTA (30%) and propylparaben (26%). Two sunscreens contained methylisothiazolinone. Sixty‐one per cent contained at least one fragrance, the most frequent being limonene (17%) and linalool (13%). There was an average of 1.1 New Zealand baseline series allergens per product (range 0 to 6, standard deviation 1.27). Conclusion: Common allergens including those with high sensitising potential were frequently found in New Zealand sunscreen. Knowledge of ingredients used by manufacturers is useful in dermatological assessment of skin contact reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although in recent years the focus on sensitizing terpene oxidation products has been on oxidized limonene and linalool, the autoxidation of terpenes in relation to allergic contact dermatitis is not new and dates back to the early part of the 20th century with the use of turpentine causing occupational contact dermatitis in painters. This review is written in a way as to allow us to get closer to the work of the scientists in earlier days, to participate in the successes, and also to observe the weak points. The researchers concluded that the main culprit in Scandinavian turpentine was Δ3‐carene hydroperoxides. This explains its high sensitizing effect compared with French turpentine which is of the Iberian type with no or only traces of Δ3‐carene. Historical exposure to turpentine showed that ending the industrial exposure stopped the occupational skin sensitization. Patch test studies demonstrated that monoterpene hydroperoxides, far from being an obsolete source of contact allergy solely related to turpentine, is a common cause of contact allergy in the population. A hundred years of extensive chemical and clinical studies worldwide should be sufficient to meet the evidence requirement regarding allergic contact dermatitis caused by terpenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis to an epidural catheter but what's the allergen? In summary this is the first case report to reproduce ACD to an epidural catheter on patch testing, but disappointingly we have failed to identify the actual allergen. /td>+/-+/-MCI/MI (0.02 aq.)++Sample - Portex® epidural catheter (Smiths Medical Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA)++++Sample - Perifix® ONE epidural catheter (B.Braun Australia Pty. Ltd, Bella Vista, Australia)++++Sample PAJUNK® epidural catheter(PAJUNK Medical Produkte GmbH, Geisingen, Germany)++ ht 1 I Note i : -, negative reaction; +, weak positive reaction; +/-, doubtful reaction; ++, strong positive reaction; Aq, aqua; D, day; MCI/MI, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone; Pet, petrolatum. [Extracted from the article]

A sixty-year-old man, with four year history of gout, used indomethacin ointment for painful episodes. He then used the same ointment on the lower leg for itchy skin. After some time, an erythema developed on the extensor surface of legs and lesions gradually worsened. Treatment with oral antihistamine and topical steroid was ineffective. Oral prenisolone was given and resulted in rapid healing of the skin condition. The patient was first tested by the topical application of indomethacin ointment, which was applied at the back. An itchy eruption was seen at the application site after two days.

Patch test reactivity to a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy and stainless steel in metal-allergic patients in correlation to the metal ion release. Acupuncture, chromium, cobalt, contact dermatitis, generalized eczema, metal allergy Keywords: acupuncture; chromium; cobalt; contact dermatitis; generalized eczema; metal allergy EN acupuncture chromium cobalt contact dermatitis generalized eczema metal allergy 102 105 4 06/17/21 20210701 NES 210701 Systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) caused by acupuncture had never been reported. [Extracted from the article]

Lanolin has the reputation of being an important contact sensitizer. The market place abounds with products that are labeled "lanolin free". In fact, lanolin is at most a weak contact allergen. The supposed hazards of sensitization to lanolin products are a resultant of faulty science and failure to appreciate the limitations of patch testing. Lanolin allergy is a myth created mainly by overzealous professional patch testers. No one has succeeded in sensitizing animals or humans to lanolin or wool wax alcohols. Most of the case reports are false positives, in association with the angry back syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact allergy to the UV-absorber 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (Tinuvin P) was revealed in a patient with wrist dermatitis caused by a plastic watch straps. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and subsequent chemical analysis showed the presence of Tinuvin P in the watch strap. The possibility of cross-reactions between Tinuvin P and various substituted benzotriazole compounds was investigated. Nor cross-reactions were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitization by para-tertiary-butylphenolformaldehyde resin (PTBR-FR), which is particularly useful as a leather glue, has been known for 30 years. We retrospectively studied the clinical aspects of those patients with a PTBP-FR allergy among 1966 patients in whom contact dermatitis was confirmed by patch testing. A positive patch test to PTBP-FR was present in 30 patients (1.5%), 24 of whom were women. Exposure to PTBP-FR as a cause of the dermatitis was "certain" in 7, "very likely" in 6 and "unclear" in 17.67.7% of the patients had a multiple allergy. In 43.3% of the patients, a history of atopy was found. No clear association of PTBP-FR sensitization with allergies to phenolformaldehyde resin (P-FR) or free para-tertiary-butylphenol (PTBP) emerged in this group of 30 patients. This study supports the hypothesis that PTBP-FR and P-FR do not contain the same sensitizers. Follow-up of 26 of the 30 patients showed a favourable course, dependent on identification of the source of exposure, avoidance of further contact and absence of sensitization to multiple allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic contact dermatitis to glutaraldehyde was found in 13 health-care workers with hand dermatitis. Concommitant sensitivity to other chemicals was noted in 10. The positive patch test response was only evident for every 2nd observation in 4. The eruption persisted for more than 6 months in 10 subjects. In 5. the skin disease forced the worker to leave his occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of 545 consecutive contact dermatitis clinic patients, 271 (49.7%) were women 29(10.7%) of whom had hand dermatitis alone. 17 (58.6%) of these hand cases were allergic, the main sensitizers being nickel and essential oils in oranges. Dress makers were mostly affected by nickel, while orange sellers and peelers were positive to orange peel, fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and formaldehyde in varying combinations 8(27.6%) of the hand cases were due to irritants and wet jobs, and possibly to allergens not tested 24(83%) of the hand cases were occupational. Only I Nigerian woman had true housewife's hand dermatitis. It was not possible to define the r&ocircle; of atopy because of unreliable histories. 2 cases of pompholyx and a negative patch test occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study of patients patch tested between 1968 and 1970 was undertaken and case records of 200 patients with unequivocal positive patch tests were studied for age and sex distribution. There was an overall female preponderance (61%), with 2 peaks of incidence in the 10-20 and 40-50 year age groups in females, but only 1 peak of incidence in the 40-50 year age group in males. There was a steady decline in all sensitivities after the 6th decade of life in both sexes. Nickel sensitivity was more common in females (92%), whereas dichromate sensitivity predominated in males (64%). Of the 200 patients, only 5(2.5%) were atopics, all of whom were females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemicals used on fabrics to improve 10 different performance characteristics have resulted in irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. The most significant problem is due to formaldehyde and N-methylol compounds to produce durable press fabrics. Little is known about incidence of finish dermatitis or mode and amount of transfer of chemicals from fabric to skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9 patients with typical textile dermatitis were found to be allergic to dark polyester blouses. Thin-layer chromatography of the dyes extracted from the fabrics identified the presence of several dyes, from which Disperse Blue 106 was positive in all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17 subjects were tested epicutaneously with 22 materials, including Ni, Pd, Cr and Co. 5 subjects with a positive allergic skin reaction to Ni were tested with a pure metallic nickel plate 3×5 mm, which was attached to the buccal side of one tower premolar. These 5 subjects all developed local allergic contact stomatitis on the mucosa of the cheek adjacent to the metal plate. This was confirmed histologically. The same oral test with pure metallic palladium gave no reaction in subjects with a positive patch test. A control group gave no reactions to the metal plates. Allergic contact stomatitis was diagnosed with the help of both clinical and histological examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzisothiazollin-3-one is a preservative widely used in industry. The manufacturer states that it is a known skin irritant and sensitiser, but these facts are not well-known. A case is described of contact allergy in a lithoprinter caused by it when used as a preservative in gum arabic. The literature is reviewed and a suitable patch-test concentration is suggested. It should be included in the patch-test battery for lithoprinters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of 12 patients with allergic contact sensitivity to ethylenediamine has shown that exposure to the oral antihistamine promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan®) did not result in an exacerbation or recrudescence of eczema. This would suggest that promethazine may be safely administered to ethylenediamine-sensitive patients contrary to advice given in some of the dermatological literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on patch testing with balsam of Peru and fragrance mix. Following Hjorth's monograph, the naturally occurring mix, balsam of Peru, has been considered a useful patch test screening material for aroma chemical contact sensitivity. More recently, attempts have been made to incorporate allergenic aroma chemicals into man-made mixes by Larsen, whose Fragrance Mix was adopted for use by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group and used in the patch test unit of Shaughnessy Hospital in Vancouver, Canada as part of the standard screen.

A group of 34 inpatients with contact allergy to para-amino compounds (sulfanilamide, paraphenylenediamine, benzocaine) underwent a series of peroral tests using structurally related substances, sulphonyl ureas (carbutamide, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide), diaminodiphenyl-sulfone, saccharin and salicyl azosulfapyridine. Sulphonyl ureas given orally can produce a widespread dermatitis in subjects with contact sensitivity to sulfanilamide, but not in those sensitized to paraphenylenediamine and benzocaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of nickel sensitivity in 415 young adults was examined by patch testing with nickel sulphate 5% in pet. Before testing the persons filled in a questionnaire about personal or family history of atopy and skin reactions after metal contacts. Nickel sensitivity was found in 2.8% of males and 9.8% of females; 13 out of 28 persons with a history of metal contact dermatitis had negative patch test reactions to nickel; eight out of 23 persons with positive patch test reactions to nickel had never experienced skin reactions from metal contacts. These findings indicate that nickel sensitivity cannot be reliably predicted from pretest historical information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of patients with contact dermatitis from glucose sensors and insulin infusion sets is increasing. Patch testing is challenging because of a lack of information concerning the constituent materials of medical devices. Objectives: To report on products and causes of allergic reactions to glucose sensors or insulin infusion sets over a 5‐year period and suggest a short screening series. Methods: Analysis of patch test data from consecutive patients suspected of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to glucose sensors and/or insulin infusion sets from 2015–2019. Results: Patient numbers increased from 4 to 15 per year; 30/38 (78.9%) were children. In 29 (76.3%), a diagnosis of allergic/probable ACD was established, mostly due to the tapes of the device or allergens in these tapes (n = 23) followed by allergens in the device housing (n = 10). Isobornyl acrylate, abitol, and colophonium were the most common allergens. Information from manufacturers was often difficult to obtain and, if accessible, inadequate. For this reason, the diagnosis was delayed for more than 1.5 years in 12 (31%) patients. Conclusions: The increasing number of patients, mostly children, with ACD from devices used in treatment of type 1 diabetes demonstrates the importance of this problem. Allergies can easily be overlooked, due to the lack of mandatory labeling of the constituent materials of the devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis is increasing. The patch test allergens included in pediatric baseline series vary globally. The worldwide prevalence of pediatric reactions to allergens needs clarification. Objectives: Identify the prevalence, associated factors, and culprit allergens for contact allergy among patch‐tested Thai children, and compare with those for adults. Methods: Baseline series patch test results from 2010–2019 were collected for patients younger than 18 years of age. As a control group, sex‐matched adult patients were randomly selected. The results and characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: The median age of 112 patch tested pediatric patients was 16 (range 2–17) years. Of the children, 35.5% had at least one positive reaction, significantly less than the 56.6% for adults. The five most common pediatric allergens were nickel sulfate (12.1%), potassium dichromate (8.0%), methylisothiazolinone (7.1%), fragrance mix II (6.0%), and carba mix (5.4%). Although similar, the 10 most common allergens of the groups differed in order. Positive reactions to cosmetic allergens were significantly less frequent among the children. Many allergens remained entirely negative. Conclusions: The prevalence of positive reactions was lower in children, varying by population and region. The top‐10 pediatric and adult causative allergens were almost identical. We recommend using the same baseline patch test series for children and adults in our region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are increasing cosmetic adverse reactions in China, mostly cosmetic contact dermatitis, with the development of its cosmetics industry. Aims: To identify the allergens and cosmetics products responsible for cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis (CACD) in Shanghai. Methods: Five hundred and sixty patients, including 342 suspected CACD patients from dermatological clinic and 218 cosmetics consumers with an allergic history, were patch tested with a cosmetic series (C‐1000 series). And 154 patients patched with possible culprit cosmetics. Results: Two hundred and forty‐six subjects showed positive reaction to C‐1000 series. Clinic patients had much higher positive rate than that of cosmetics consumers. Leading allergens were methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylisothiazolinone + methylchloro‐isothiazolinone (MCI/MI), thimerosal, and the positive rates were significantly higher in patients than in cosmetic consumers (P <.001 for all). MCI/MI elicited positive patch test reactions in 73.5% of MI‐positive patients. Of those patched with cosmetic products, 19 patients had 31 positive reactions, including 22 skin care products and 5 color decorating. Conclusions: Preservatives, especially MI, MCI/MI, and thimerosal, were the most common cosmetic allergens, and skin care products occupied the most allergic reaction of CACD. Patch testing is highly recommended for suspected CACD patients. Future comparative investigation with large sample size should benefit cosmetovigilance surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of the feet accounts for approximately 10% of all patch tested patients. Objective: To study the clinical profile of patients with feet dermatitis and relevant contact allergens in Spain over a 10‐year period. Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients with suspected ACD from the GEIDAC (Spanish Research Group on Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy) baseline series from eight hospitals in Spain between 2004 and 2014. The clinical data collected from each patient were age, sex, occupation, history of atopic dermatitis, and eczema location. Results: A total of 450 cases clinically presented dermatitis affecting the feet; of these, 41% of were males and 5.6% were suspected to be of occupational origin. As much as 47% were diagnosed with ACD, 20% with atopic dermatitis/dyshidrotic eczema, and 5% with psoriasis. The "feet group" included statistically significantly more females in the age range of 21 to 60 years. The most frequent relevant contact allergens were potassium dichromate, cobalt(II) chloride, p‐tert‐butylphenol formaldehyde resin, mercapto mix, and mercaptobenzothiazole. Conclusions: ACD is the most frequent clinical diagnosis of feet dermatitis in our series. The most frequent allergens are similar to those published in other series of foot ACD in Europe and the trend has not changed in the studied decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers. There is little information of how much the dermatitis that hairdressers get affects their working lives. The first and earlier study was designed to investigate the prevalence of dermatitis among student hairdressers at two technical colleges. Their hands and forearms were to be examined by their course tutors each month and details recorded on a questionnaire: drop-outs and threatened drop-outs due to dermatitis were to be notified.

Clothing dermatitis frequently goes unrecognized either because the clinical picture is mistaken for other disorders such as seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis or because it is difficult to trace the causal agent. Numerous substances are used to treat fabrics used for clothing, including dyes, resin finishes and mordants. The most frequent sources of sensitization to dyes among women are lightweight dresses, blouses and suits; among men trousers made of synthetic fibers.

Pesticides are widely used and recognised as being a necessary part of modern agricultural practice. Considering the number of people who have close contact with them during manufacture, distribution and use, the safety record is good and there are few reports of effect on the skin. Captafol is a protective, non-systemic fungicide. It is widely used to control foliage and fruit diseases of tomatoes, potato blight, coffee bean disease, tapping panel disease of hevea and diseases of other agricultural, horticultural and plantation crops. It is also used in the lumbar and timber industries to reduce losses from wood-rot fungi in logs and wood products. The article describes 2 cases of Captafol sensitivity.