153 results
Search Results
2. Regional convergence, spatial scale, and spatial dependence: Evidence from homicides and personal injuries in Colombia 2010–2018.
- Author
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Santos‐Marquez, Felipe and Mendez, Carlos
- Subjects
HOMICIDE ,WOUNDS & injuries ,COMMUNITY development ,INDUSTRIAL clusters ,HOMICIDE rates ,LEGAL evidence - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Reproductive justice in the Colombian armed conflict.
- Author
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Svallfors, Signe
- Subjects
- *
WAR , *REPRODUCTIVE rights , *WOMEN'S health , *WOMEN'S rights , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *SEXUAL assault , *CIVIL defense - Abstract
This study explores the impacts of armed conflict on women's sexual and reproductive health in Colombia, building on a reproductive justice perspective to analyse original interviews with stakeholders in healthcare, women's rights, and peacebuilding. The analysis reveals that war affects women's sexual and reproductive health in three ways, through violent politicisation, collateral damage, and intersectional dimensions. First, multiple armed actors have used women's health as an instrument in politically motivated strategies to increase their power, assigning political meaning to sexuality and reproduction within the context of war. Second, women's health has also suffered from secondary damage of conflict resulting from a decay in healthcare service provision and an unmet need for healthcare services among those affected by sexual and reproductive violence. Third, marginalised women have been particularly affected by a discriminatory nexus of poverty, ethnicity, and geographic inequality. The paper concludes with a reflection on the opportunities for reproductive justice in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Restructuring palm oil value chain governance in Colombia through long‐term labour control.
- Author
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Serrano, Angela
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,OIL palm ,PALM oil industry ,CONTROL (Psychology) ,EXPORT controls - Abstract
In this paper, I argue that the cumulative effects of coercive and indirect labour discipline enable firms to reorganize production. Through a historical analysis of the palm oil industry in northeastern Colombia, I identify changing forms of value chain governance in relation to transformations in labour control regimes. The combined effects of multiple labour control strategies have weakened labour power and workers' overall possibilities to shape value chain governance. In this case, labour coercion directly diminished workers' associational power and enabled labour flexibilization in the industry, limiting workers' structural power. A dialogue between the Global Value Chains framework and Critical Agrarian Studies, with a focus on labour regimes, highlights that labour flexibilization can build on past instances of coercive control to transform the structure of a value chain. This research illustrates that coercion is not necessarily "extra‐economic" but is often intrinsic to the organization of the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Spatial beta‐convergence forecasting models: Evidence from municipal homicide rates in Colombia.
- Subjects
HOMICIDE rates ,STANDARD deviations ,FORECASTING ,TIME series analysis - Abstract
The forecasting power of different methods is tested utilizing crime data for 1120 inland municipalities in Colombia. Using data from 2003 to 2018, five different forecasting methods are used: ETS, ARIMA, STAR, a classical beta convergence based model, and a spatial beta convergence model. First, it is shown that overall municipal crime disparities are steadily decreasing over time. This indicates that convergence and spatial effects are pivotal for the study of the dynamics of crime in Colombian municipalities. Time series cross‐validation for 4‐year ahead forecasts is implemented to assess the accuracy of all models. It is found that the STAR and the beta models have the lowest root mean squared errors. Therefore, as time goes by, space appears to play a more important role in the evolution of homicide rates. The paper concludes with some policy implications in terms of spatial effects and the mitigation of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Porousness, theater, possession, being consumed, death, sanctity: Narratives from the field with a radical street performer.
- Author
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Balán, Laura
- Subjects
MIMESIS ,PERSONAL property ,SACREDNESS ,OPEN spaces ,NARRATIVES ,POETRY writing - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Anthropology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Co‐producing impact‐in‐process with participatory audio‐visual research.
- Author
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Marzi, Sonja
- Subjects
PARTICIPANT observation ,SOCIAL change ,HUMAN research subjects - Abstract
Within feminist geography, there is a growing consensus on the need for research to contribute to social change and transformation beyond the academy, and increased emphasis on the co‐production of impact. In this paper I critically reflect and report on how I co‐produced impact with a participatory audio‐visual research project, conducted in collaboration with women in Bogotá and Medellín and researchers and filmmakers based in the UK and Colombia. I focus particularly on co‐producing 'impact‐in‐process', which builds participants' capacities, creates spaces of reciprocal learning and increases participants' confidence and sense of ownership both during and beyond the research process. Yet, while co‐producing impact‐in‐process benefits research participants and has the potential to contribute to social change and transformation, this form of impact is rarely recognised as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Agrarian change through speculation: Rural elites as land brokers for mining in Colombia.
- Author
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Dietz, Kristina
- Subjects
- *
ELITE (Social sciences) , *LAND mines , *COAL mining , *METAL-base fuel , *SPECULATION , *LAND tenure , *REAL property sales & prices - Abstract
This paper studies the connections between the expansion of mining capital, speculative forms of land grabbing and agrarian transformation. It is argued that in periods of commodity boom, the landowning rural elite benefits from mining through speculative land deals with mining companies. They act as 'land brokers' for the mining firms, helping them to overcome a significant barrier to land accumulation through the de facto abolition of landed property. The analysis is based on a qualitative case study on the expansion of coal mining in central Cesar in northern Colombia. To develop my arguments, I refer to the concept of accumulation by dispossession as defined by Michael Levien, and historical materialist approaches on rent, and speculative land dispossession. In addition, I use concepts developed for studying coercive land grabbing and agrarian elite participation in armed conflicts to analyse the mechanisms applied to (coercively) acquire rights to land. It is concluded that with high global prices for minerals, metals and fossil fuels, the expansion of mining in the countryside fosters a process of agrarian change through land speculation that is articulated in a reconcentration of landed property, a re‐strengthening of the rural landowning elite and the dissolution of peasant agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. First report on generalized pollination systems in Melastomataceae for the Andean páramos.
- Author
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Manrique Valderrama, Naisla, Varassin, Isabela Galarda, Passos, Luan Salles, and Morales Puentes, María Eugenia
- Subjects
POLLINATION ,POLLINATORS ,FLORAL morphology ,MELASTOMATACEAE ,SELF-pollination ,NECTAR ,SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Melastomataceae is a megadiverse family with records of transitions from specialized to generalized pollination systems for several species. These transitions are associated with the colonization of new, unpredictable and/or impoverished pollinator habitats or habitats where specialized pollinators are scarce (e.g., in highland environments). The bee species diversity is low in highlands. Therefore, autonomous breeding systems such as apomixis and self‐pollination emerge in these environments. In this paper, we studied the floral traits associated with the generalization of pollination systems and registered the floral visitors of two species in the Colombian Andes: Miconia cataractae and M. elaeoides. We investigated the breeding system of M. elaeoides. Both species presented small flowers, short anthers of medium pore size, and nectar‐producing stomata on the base of the anthers. Miconia cataractae produced an average of 1.62 μl nectar/flower, a sugar concentration of 6.78%, whereas M. elaeoides produced 0.09 μl nectar/flower, a sugar concentration of 6.13%. We recorded a wide diversity of pollinators for both species, mainly insects from the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera. Miconia elaeoides presented a mixed breeding system and was also capable of setting fruits by apomixis. We conclude that flower and anther morphology, combined with nectar production, thus represent convergent traits resulting in a generalist pollination system shared by M. cataractae and M. elaeoides. Here, we presented the first generalist pollination system recorded for Miconia (and the Melastomataceae) in the Andes, the first report for a species from the small‐pored section Amblyarrhena, and the first report for a species from the large‐pored section Cremanium in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. On the financial literacy, indebtedness, and wealth of Colombian households.
- Author
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Cao‐Alvira, José J., Novoa‐Hoyos, Amalia, and Núñez‐Torres, Alexander
- Subjects
FINANCIAL literacy ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL management ,CONSUMER credit ,DEBT service ,ECONOMIC indicators ,WEALTH - Abstract
In this paper we attempt to find existing linkages of financial literacy with indebtedness and wealth accumulation of households in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. We analyze an econometric model where we regress a household's debt usage, cost of debt servicing, and wealth indicators against its financial literacy. Financial literacy is assessed according to the financial numeracy and money management skills of the head of households. Numeracy skills are found to have a positive correlation with the decision to use debt and have a mortgage and with the total number of lending sources, debt‐to‐income, and net worth. Money management skills decrease the household's likelihood of using all of the debt types considered in the analysis and increase with net worth. We also uncover important debt and wealth accumulation conducts closely tied to the city's economic stratification and the gender of the head of household. A number of public policy implications are derived from the results of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Reflections on a participatory documentary process: constructing territorial histories of dispossession among Afro-descendant youth in Colombia.
- Author
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Vélez‐Torres, Irene
- Subjects
SOCIAL structure ,EVICTION ,SOCIAL change ,PARTICIPANT observation - Abstract
This paper seeks to discuss the use of a participatory documentary process ( PDP) in human geography as a method of constructing critical visual information on territorial histories of dispossession. The process was also used to enhance social change both in conjunction with local communities and within the communities themselves. The project involved 14 local young participants and four professionals who collectively produced a documentary on the rural context of violence in La Toma District, Colombia. By enabling the reflections and intentions of young participants in the research process, PDP gave special value to their social and political commitment to supporting community social organisation, and provided fresh research insights into comprehending territorial conflict. The paper concludes that this method amplifies participatory and action research approaches in geography by producing knowledge that is academically and socially relevant. Such collective, emancipatory and anti-hegemonic visual representations and actions for social change in PDP are especially pertinent in spaces of conflict and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Internally displaced women as knowledge producers and users in humanitarian action: the view from Colombia.
- Author
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Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora and Lemaitre, Julieta
- Subjects
FOOD security ,HUMANITARIAN assistance ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,EVIDENCE-based social work ,POVERTY ,VIOLENCE ,CASE studies - Abstract
The literature on evidence-based action in humanitarian crises commonly focuses on how inter-and non-governmental organisations can produce better knowledge and how this can be translated into improved programming. Yet, there is little recorded experience of, or concern about, how the beneficiaries of humanitarian relief can produce and use knowledge of their predicament. This paper is based on a case study of how the Liga de Mujeres Desplazadas, an internally displaced women's organisation in northern Colombia, employs proactively research-generated data to advance its own agenda in its interactions with donor bodies and the government. The paper finds that beneficiaries of humanitarian aid can, and do, use participatory research to advance their own ends in the legal and political spaces created around humanitarian crisis. However, their agency is limited by poverty, violence, and local balances of power. The paper concludes that beneficiaries' priorities in the production of data about humanitarian crises warrant further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Solid biofuels production from energy crops in Colombia: challenges and opportunities.
- Author
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Martínez Londoño, Edgar A., Cañón Barriga, Julio E., and Palm, Matilda
- Subjects
BIOMASS energy ,ENERGY crops ,CLIMATE change ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
Building on an extensive literature review that included peer-reviewed publications, grey literature, national statistics, official reports, and regulations enacted by the Colombian government, this paper identifies opportunities, challenges, and constraints faced by solid biofuels production from energy crops in Colombia. Our findings suggest that the solid biofuels industry currently lacks policy regulations and an adequate research framework. The paper notes the industry's market potential and addresses its dependency on a legal framework, political willingness, and technological developments. The legal framework includes land ownership formalization, job regulations, and the definition of environmental and administrative permits. Political willingness relates to governmental policies and financial incentives based on environmental and sustainability criteria, which can make the sector competitive compared to other energy sources at the local and international market scales. The technological aspects include public and private support for research and development programs and a strategic analysis of industry-specific requirements for infrastructure, conversion, and transportation within a life cycle assessment framework. The preliminary land-use analysis suggests the potential availability of land for solid biofuels production in the Caribbean, Andean, Inter-Andean Valley, and Orinoco regions. Furthermore, the results show that solid biofuels production can potentially supply internal demand and play a role in international markets with strategic development and government support. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Latin American biomedical publications: the case of Colombia in Medline.
- Author
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Rosselli, Diego
- Subjects
MEDLINE ,MEDICINE ,MEDICAL publishing ,COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
Latin America generates a low proportion of the references quoted in Medline, the most popular health-related literature search database in the world. This paper explores references from and about Colombia in Medline during the period 1987–1996. Topics addressed, patterns of authorship and research locations are established. The number of Latin American journals indexed in Medline has been progressively reduced during this 10-year period, with Colombian journals completely excluded since 1991. During this 10-year period, the total output of Colombian research institutions in foreign journals consisted of 531 articles, 41% (219) of which come from the four leading universities. These figures are substantially lower than those from other countries of the region such as Venezuela or Chile. Despite some governmental efforts, Colombia continues to have a low scientific output and has yet to attract the interest of foreign researchers. Alternatives for development of Latin American research and publications are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The winding paths of peripheral proletarianization: Local labour, world hegemonies, and crisis in rural Colombia.
- Author
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Hough, Phillip A.
- Subjects
PROLETARIANIZATION ,LABOR ,HEGEMONY ,CRISES ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
This paper analyses the spatial and temporal patterning of Colombia's rural coffee, banana, and coca‐producing labour regimes. The violent labour repression and endemic crises of labour control characterizing these regimes challenge the market despotism paradigm that predominates in scholarly analysis of 21st century labour and agrarian struggles. Instead, I draw from early and later writings of Giovanni Arrighi and his collaborators to develop a new labour regime framework that is sensitive to the experiences of capitalist development in "hostile environments" (i.e., peripheral market conditions) and "hostile times" (periods of world hegemonic decline). In doing so, I highlight the deep social contradictions—crises, violence, and labour militancy—that result from processes of peripheral proletarianization and the ways that these contradictions were mitigated and/or exacerbated by the rise of U.S. global hegemony, Colombian developmental policy, and local agrarian struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE AND MORAL HAZARD IN MICROCREDIT: EVIDENCE FROM COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Presbitero, Andrea F. and Rabellotti, Roberta
- Subjects
MICROFINANCE ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,DISTANCES ,MORAL hazard ,HOUSEHOLDS ,INFORMATION asymmetry - Abstract
Recent years have seen an intense and critical debate about the impact of microcredit on entrepreneurial activities and poor households' welfare. This paper suggests that information asymmetries in the ex post loan arrangement between the microfinance institution and local borrowers could partially explain the limited impact of microcredit. The physical distance separating borrowers from the microfinance institution could be considered as a proxy of agency costs, increasing the costs of monitoring and easing moral hazard. The estimation of the effect of distance on the borrower's self-assessed outcome of a microcredit project in Colombia confirms the presence of moral hazard in the microcredit market, with agency costs increasing with geographical distance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. VIOLENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN COLOMBIAN CITIES: A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS.
- Author
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Cotte Poveda, Alexander
- Subjects
VIOLENCE ,ECONOMIC development ,PANEL analysis ,DATA analysis ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,POVERTY - Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper studies the socio-economic determinants of violence in the seven most important cities in Colombia. Derived from theories rooted in classic works, including Becker's paradigm, criminal inertia, social disorganisation, urbanism and strain, we formulate several hypotheses on the socio-economic determinants of violence. To test these hypotheses, a dynamic panel data analysis is employed. The analysis shows that cities' deprivation and high population density are strong predictors of homicide rates. Comparing the results among Colombian cities, we find support indicating that city-level homicide rates are influenced by the city's level of development. Moreover, we find evidence that economic growth, inequality, poverty and human capital influence violence in the cities studied, which could generate negative effects on the economic and social development of Colombia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Security for whom? Stabilisation and civilian protection in Colombia.
- Author
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Elhawary, Samir
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,GUERRILLAS ,COLOMBIAN politics & government - Abstract
This paper focuses on three periods of stabilisation in Colombia: the Alliance for Progress (1961–73) that sought to stem the threat of communist revolution in Latin America; Plan Colombia and President Alvaro Uribe's ‘democratic security’ policy (2000–07) aimed at defeating the guerrillas and negotiating a settlement with the paramilitaries; and the current ‘integrated approach’, adopted from 2007, to consolidate more effectively the state's control of its territory.
1 The paper assesses the extent to which these stabilisation efforts have enhanced the protection of civilians and ultimately finds that in all three periods there has been a disconnect between the discourse and the practice of stabilisation. While they have all sought to enhance security, in actual fact, they have privileged the security of the state and its allies at the expense of the effective protection of the civilian population. This has not only led to widespread human rights abuses but also has undermined the long-term stability being pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The sexual and reproductive rights of internally displaced women: the embodiment of Colombia's crisis.
- Author
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Alzate, Mónica M.
- Subjects
WOMEN'S rights ,INTERNALLY displaced persons ,WOMEN in politics ,VIOLENCE against women ,EQUALITY ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,SEX crimes - Abstract
As of 30 June 2006, more than 3.5 million Colombians are internally displaced persons (IDPs), the second largest IDP population in the world after that of Sudan. While most IDP studies treat the plight of internally displaced women (IDW) as an isolated phenomenon, this paper demonstrates that their situation reflects Colombia's chronic cultural, political and socio-economic crisis. This paper uses a sexual and reproductive rights framework to establish a connection between IDW and Colombia's culture of violence, discrimination and inequality. The effects of this culture of violence, discrimination and inequality are highlighted during a discussion of the rights to health, reproduction, privacy, physical integrity, education, and freedom from violence and sexual exploitation. This paper argues that a holistic understanding of Colombia's humanitarian emergency is essential to improving the lives of IDPs. It ends with some concrete, short-term recommendations to meet some of the needs of IDPs and other vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non-offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia.
- Author
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Masías, Víctor Hugo, Valle, Mauricio A., Amar, José J., Cervantes, Marco, Brunal, Gustavo, and Crespo, Fernando A.
- Subjects
CRIMES against public safety ,CRIMINAL psychology ,DECISION trees ,PERSONALITY studies - Abstract
The aim of this paper was to create a decision tree (DT) to identify personality profiles of offenders against public safety. A technique meeting this requirement was proposed that uses the C4.5 algorithm to derive decision rules for personality profiling of public safety offenders. The Mini-Mult test was used to measure the personality profiles of 238 individuals. With the test results as our database, a C4.5 DT was applied to construct rules that classify each profile into one of two groups, those without and those with records of offences against public safety. The model correctly classified 80% of the personality profiles and delivered a set of decision rules for distinguishing the profiles by group, and the principal personality profiles were interpreted. We conclude that DTs are a promising technique for analysing personality profiles by their offender or non-offender status. Finally, we believe that the development of a classifying model using DT may have practical applications in the Colombian prison system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Trickle-down or Rising Tide? Lessons on Mainstreaming Gender Policy from Colombia and South Africa.
- Author
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Beall, Jo
- Subjects
WOMEN in development ,EQUALITY ,SOCIAL conditions of women - Abstract
As a result of the United Nations Decade for Women (1976-1985) many member states of the United Nations in the South put in place some form of national machinery for the advancement of women. This paper considers that process, identifying three main phases. The first was heavily overlaid by the agendas of international development agencies and coincided with efforts to advance a "women in development" or WID agenda within international development cooperation. The second, explored here in relation to Colombia, saw a shift towards attempts to institutionalize gender awareness in development policy, the so-called "gender and development" or GAD approach. Against this background, the later South African experience is evaluated. It is argued that this potentially represents a third and distinguishable phase in the establishment of national machineries. Here structures were set up in the context of less aid dependence than many other countries and as a result of a process that was largely internally driven. Nevertheless, South Africa enjoyed tremendous support from international women's networks and lessons were learnt from past experience elsewhere, both positive and negative. The South African approach to advancing gender equality is arguably the most progressive to be found anywhere. What remains to be seen is whether it will be possible to implement, given the persistence of poverty and inequality nationally and South Africa's increasing identification with international neo-liberal agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Body mass data set for 1,317 bird and 270 mammal species from Colombia.
- Author
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Ocampo, David, Borja‐Acosta, Kevin G., Lozano‐Flórez, Julián, Cifuentes‐Acevedo, Sebastián, Arbeláez‐Cortés, Enrique, Bayly, Nicholas J., Caguazango, Ángela, Coral‐Jaramillo, Brayan, Cueva, Diego, Forero, Fernando, Gómez, Juan P., Gómez, Camila, Loaiza‐Muñoz, Mario A., Londoño, Gustavo A., Losada‐Prado, Sergio, Pérez‐Peña, Sebastián, Ramírez‐Chaves, Héctor E., Rodríguez‐Posada, Miguel E., Sanabria‐Mejía, Jeyson, and Sánchez‐Martínez, Manuel
- Subjects
ANIMAL ecology ,MAMMALS ,SPECIES ,SOCIAL interaction ,PHENOTYPES ,BIRDS - Abstract
Body mass is one of the most important phenotypic attributes in animal ecology and life history. This trait is widely used in the fields of ecology and macroevolution, since it influences physiology, morphological functions, and a myriad of ecological and social interactions. In this data set, our aim was to gather a comprehensive bird and mammal body mass data set from northern South America. We report body mass, discriminated by sex, for 42,022 individual birds and 7,441 mammals representing 1,317 bird species (69% of Colombia's avifauna) and 270 mammal species (51% of Colombian mammals) from the Neotropics. The data were sourced from vouchers collected between 1942 and 2020 and from individuals captured and released at banding stations over the last two decades for birds (2000–2020) and the last decade for mammals (2010–2020), by 10 research groups and institutions in Colombia. This data set fills gaps identified in other similar databases, as it focuses on northern South America, a highly diverse Neotropical region often underrepresented in morphological data sets. We provide wide taxonomic coverage for studies interested in information both at regional and local scales. There are no copyright restrictions; the present data paper should be appropriately cited when data are used for publication. The authors would appreciate learning about research projects, teaching exercises, and other uses given to this data set and are open to contribute in further collaborations using these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Engaged Universals and Community Economies: The (Human) Right to Water in Colombia.
- Author
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Perera, Verónica
- Subjects
RIGHT to water ,COLOMBIAN social conditions ,HUMAN rights ,SOCIAL advocacy ,WATER -- Social aspects - Abstract
Copyright of Antipode is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Beautifying the Slum: Cable Car Fetishism in Cazucá, Colombia.
- Author
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Álvarez Rivadulla, María José and Bocarejo, Diana
- Subjects
CABLE railroads ,CITIES & towns ,CABLE cars (Streetcars) ,SLUMS ,URBAN renewal ,POOR communities ,URBAN poor ,RAILROAD design & construction - Abstract
The installation of cable cars as part of slum beautification projects has begun to circulate among politicians, planners and residents as a magical solution that offers social and economic integration to historically marginalized urban areas. This paper analyzes the way in which a cable car project became a fetish for the inhabitants, politicians and planners of Cazucá, a very deprived, abandoned and stigmatized area on the outskirts of Bogotá, Colombia. The highly positive value given to the cable car project must be understood within the specific local context without judging its 'false promises' a priori. The promise of the cable car in Cazucá reveals at least two crucial political reasons for the current potency of such projects: a complex history of political failures and the political value cable cars have acquired nationally and internationally. We analyze how, for both residents and politicians, the mere possibility of a cable car awakened long neglected desires for visibility and created new ones, such as those related to tourism. They see the cable car as an 'engine for social change', a way to ensure the commitment of national and international funds, and a venue to brand the city on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Trickle‐down debt: Infrastructure, development, and financialisation, Medellín 1960–2013.
- Author
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Furlong, Kathryn
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIALIZATION , *DEBT , *DEBT management , *PUBLIC debts , *INTEREST rates , *NEAR field communication , *FARM finance - Abstract
In many Latin American cities, infrastructure was largely financed through development lending over the second half of the 20th century. Exacerbated by debt crises and currency devaluations, public utilities became holders of significant levels of negative value. This encouraged public debt financialisation in order to mitigate the effects of shifting interest rates and devaluation. For David Harvey, negative value is the hallmark of contemporary capitalism whereby one must produce, not for profit, but to retire debt. This statement can be applied to indebted utilities, in the sense that the focus of utility governance – and its relationship towards those dependent on it for services – becomes reoriented towards debt management – or governing by debt. Full‐cost recovery emerges in this context as a mechanism to pay down the infrastructure debt held by utilities, which quickly led to increasing levels of user indebtedness. Service disconnection and pre‐paid metering emerge as processes to recover this user debt by enforcing a culture of payment through service exclusion. In these ways, the responsibility for infrastructure debt 'trickles down' in small – but individually significant – amounts to persons and households, enrolling them in the logic of debt (re)payment. This paper examines these issues through a case study of urban infrastructure financing, debt, and tariffs in Medellín, Colombia from 1960 to 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Using a futures orientation to enable adaptation of protected areas under climate change.
- Author
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Múnera‐Roldán, Claudia, Colloff, Matthew J., van Kerkhoff, Lorrae, and Andrade, German I.
- Subjects
PROTECTED areas ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,BIODIVERSITY conservation ,COLLECTIVE action - Abstract
Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dignity and the right of internally displaced adolescents in Colombia to sexual and reproductive health.
- Author
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Bosmans, Marleen, Gonzalez, Fernando, Brems, Eva, and Temmerman, Marleen
- Subjects
REPRODUCTIVE health ,SEXUAL health ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNALLY displaced persons - Abstract
In Colombia, national policies and laws on the protection of vulnerable populations pay specific attention to the sexual and reproductive health needs and rights of internally displaced adolescents. This paper describes how a United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)-supported programme (September 2000-August 2004) on the sexual and reproductive health of internally displaced adolescents contributed to restoring their dignity as a precursor to promoting their sexual and reproductive health rights. Different forms of the arts were used as basic techniques to discover their body and to provide sexual and reproductive health information and education. The arts were found to play a key role in restoring their dignity. Although dignity appeared to be a determinant of greater awareness of rights, it did not lead to increased empowerment with regard to rights. The availability of and access to sexual and reproductive health services remains a problem and displaced populations continue to have little or no power to hold their authorities accountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Why 'Good Governance' Fails: Lessons from Regional Economic Development in Colombia.
- Author
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Franz, Tobias
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC geography ,REGIONAL economics ,POLITICAL economic analysis - Abstract
By critically reviewing different strands of literature on institutional change and development, this essay argues that, in order to fully understand subnational economic development, we need to move away from 'good governance' explanations in which geography‐specific analyses of power structures and elite interests are largely absent. Using findings for Colombia and insights from economic geography and heterodox political economy theories, this essay gives theoretical and conceptual guidelines and approximations for future studies on regional economic development. The contribution provides a place‐based discussion of how the historically evolved distribution of power balances, context‐specific elite interests, and the interaction between place‐bound actors and place‐less dynamics affect subnational institutional arrangements shaping policies and development outcomes. The conclusions drawn are not limited to Colombia and will prove beneficial to researchers studying regional economic development in subnational contexts elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Bioactivity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in Colombia.
- Author
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OIivero-VerbeI, Jesús, Nerio, Luz S., and Stashenko, Elena E.
- Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils ,EUCALYPTUS citriodora ,CYMBOPOGON ,TRIBOLIUM ,REPELLENTS - Abstract
The article discusses the findings of the research for potential repellents including the Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora in Colombia against store product pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). It focuses on the C. citratus oil and its substance like geranial, neral and geraniol, as well as citronellal, isopulegol, and citronellol of the E. citriodora. It shows the composition and repellant activity of oil of C. citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Forced displacement and women's security in Colombia.
- Author
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Meertens, Donny
- Subjects
CIVIL war ,INTERNALLY displaced persons ,JUSTICE ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,HUMANITARIAN intervention ,HUMANITARIAN assistance - Abstract
In the protracted Colombian conflict, assistance to internally displaced persons has developed in the context of contradictory political processes. The Colombian government's launching of a transitional justice process in the midst of armed conflict has generated a complex situation displaying both conflict and post-conflict characteristics. The progressive Constitutional Court rulings on internal displacement, in particular the gender-sensitive Auto 092, constitute an attempt to bring together humanitarian interventions and transitional justice measures in a rights-based framework. However, the national government is reluctant to adopt them fully and local realities still hamper their integrated implementation. Displaced women, therefore, remain in an especially vulnerable position. This paper argues that gender-sensitive humanitarian interventions must take into account all of these complexities of scale and political process in order to make legal frameworks more effective at the local level. In these contexts, interventions should pay particular attention to strategies that contribute to transforming pre-existing gender regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Good Urban Governance: Evidence from a Model City?
- Author
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Gilbert, Alan
- Subjects
POVERTY ,DEMOCRACY ,BEST practices - Abstract
Few cities in Latin America provide much evidence of good governance. However, during the last fifteen years, Bogotá has been transformed and now qualifies in certain respects as an example of ‘best practice’. The paper considers how Bogotá changed and whether it can continue its improvement, an especially interesting question insofar as a left-wing administration has been in charge since 2004. Of course, the city is by no means perfect and national issues continue to create difficulties both for the poor and for the local administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The archaeology of decay: Ruinous knowledge and the violence of urban planning.
- Author
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Pérez Fernández, Federico
- Subjects
URBAN planning ,URBAN violence ,SUBALTERN ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,CENTRAL business districts ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,EVICTION - Abstract
Copyright of American Anthropologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. "Nature" and territories as victims: Decolonizing Colombia's transitional justice process.
- Author
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Lyons, Kristina
- Subjects
WAR crimes ,TRANSITIONAL justice ,DECOLONIZATION ,LEGAL recognition ,VIOLENT crimes ,CRIMINAL investigation ,WAR casualties ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice - Abstract
Copyright of American Anthropologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. GAMONALES WHO MAKE A CITY: Intimate Interactions in City Building.
- Author
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Atuesta Ortiz, Maria
- Subjects
PATRONAGE ,URBAN poor ,BUILT environment ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,REAL property ,LIVING conditions ,PUBLIC spaces ,INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
In this article I analyze the participation of economic patrons or gamonales in processes of city building. Like clientelistic leaders, local 'big men' can partake in the transformation of the living conditions of the urban poor. These individuals show an extraordinary capacity for transforming cities, their built environments and social and political infrastructures, especially in small and rapidly growing cities located in the peripheries of nation‐building projects. In my research I explore the case of one patron in Granada, a rapidly urbanizing city in Colombia that received many forced migrants between 1990 and 2010, to reveal a new way in which city building and patron–client relationships co‐evolve and are constituted within a space of intimate interactions between landed property and urban real estate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Impact of airport policies on regional development. Evidence from the Colombian case.
- Author
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Díaz Olariaga, Oscar and Alonso‐Malaver, Carlos
- Subjects
REGIONAL development ,AIR travel ,AIRPORTS ,SMALL cities ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Lithospheric and Slab Configurations From Receiver Function Imaging in Northwestern South America, Colombia.
- Author
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Mojica Boada, Manuel Jose, Poveda, Esteban, and Tary, Jean Baptiste
- Subjects
SUBDUCTION ,SEISMOLOGICAL stations ,SUBDUCTION zones ,PLATE tectonics ,SLABS (Structural geology) ,DATA conversion ,WAVE analysis ,OBSERVATORIES - Abstract
The northwestern corner of South America presents a highly complex geodynamical setting including the convergence between South America, Nazca, and Caribbean plates; which also entails heterogeneity and complexity in the lithospheric structure. Here, we present depth‐migrated common‐conversion point (CCP) teleseismic receiver function profiles carried out using seismological data between 2011 and 2020 from the Colombian Geological Service, combined with some stations of observatories and international networks. These profiles provide better constraints on the lateral interpretation of the main lithospheric discontinuities in this region. We provide an updated crustal thickness map displaying some differences from previous studies, especially in the northernmost part of the cordilleran system. Our results also show some intracrustal features such as the regional detachment surface beneath the Eastern Cordillera and the presence of deep melt reservoirs under the Central Cordillera and the Paipa‐Iza complex in the Eastern Cordillera. We also discuss the lithospheric thickness and the potential existence of a highly hydrated and serpentinized mantle wedge under the forearc over the slab segment south of the Caldas tear. Furthermore, the CCP profiles further support the subduction system segmentation under northwestern South America, with at least five slab segments, two of them overlapping between ∼5.5 and ∼8°N, three belonging to the Nazca plate, and two having a Caribbean origin. The Bucaramanga nest appears to be linked to the interaction between the two northmost slab segments, while the Cauca cluster might be related to a slab dehydration process of a highly fractured zone. Plain Language Summary: The Colombian tectonic configuration is highly complex with the convergence of three major tectonic plates. Despite extensive recent studies in this region, some of the important tectonic features are still under discussion. In this study, we present cross‐section images of the lithospheric and upper mantle structure beneath Colombia, carrying out an analysis of teleseismic wave conversions corresponding to data collected between 2011 and 2020 by the Colombian Geological Service, volcanological and seismological observatories, and international stations. The results show that the crust is thinner than estimated in previous studies in the northernmost part of the Colombian cordillera system, and provide some material on intracrustal features and lithospheric thickness. Moreover, our images support other studies on the subduction system in this area, showing the presence of five slab segments on the Pacific side subducting beneath Colombia, including an overlapping segment between ∼5.5 and ∼8°N. The two densest seismic clusters, the Bucaramanga nest and the Cauca cluster, seem to be linked to the interaction of two plates at depth and the dehydration of a fractured slab zone, respectively. Key Points: Crustal thickness beneath northwestern South America with some significant changes from previous studiesWe observe five different slab segments under northwestern South AmericaRegional detachment surface under the Eastern Cordillera ranging between 10 and 30 km depth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Formation of Territories Free of Transgenics: Race, Space, and Mobilisation in Colombia.
- Subjects
COMMUNITIES ,RACIALIZATION ,PEASANTS ,REFORMATION - Abstract
Copyright of Antipode is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Seasonal and deep groundwater‐surface water interactions in the tropical Middle Magdalena River basin of Colombia.
- Author
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Piña, Adriana, Donado, Leonardo David, Silva, Luis, and Pescador, Juan
- Subjects
WATERSHEDS ,GROUNDWATER sampling ,STABLE isotopes ,RAINFALL ,SEASONS - Abstract
This study is an attempt to understand flow patterns in the Middle Magdalena Valley River basin (MMV), a tropical lowland humid forest. For this purpose, we used δ2H and δ18O water stable isotopes measured in different surface and groundwater sources collected in the area both during the dry and the wet seasons. Two hundred and forty‐five water samples were collected in rainfall, springs, rivers, swamps, and wells (from 10 to 350 m depth). Thus, we were able to establish three tendencies that suggest the existence of surface‐groundwater interactions or preferential groundwater fluxes in the MMV: (i) samples with an isotopic enrichment from the wet to the dry season (groundwater samples following the rainfall isotopic variability), (ii) groundwater samples with an isotopic depletion from the wet to the dry season (opposite to the rainfall isotopic signal), and (iii) groundwater samples whose isotopic composition did not change significantly among seasons. However, none of these tendencies could be related to geology or the type of sampled site, which suggests that some not fully understood processes must be taking place in the hydrological system of the MMV. Both, surface, and groundwater samples are grouped close to the Colombian meteoric line, with exception of some swamp samples collected during the dry period, which displayed the expected evaporation trend line tendency. This may be an indicator of the connection/disconnection of swamps with the river during the hydrological year. Finally, this study aims to fulfil the gap in water‐stable isotope data in Colombia and provide insights about the hydrological setup of a lowland tropical basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Progress towards the elimination of hepatitis B in children in Colombia: A novel two‐phase study approach.
- Author
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Ríos‐Hincapié, Cielo Yaneth, Murad‐Rivera, Rocío, Tohme, Rania A., Ropero, Alba María, Gómez, Bertha, Librado Cardona, Diana, Forest Duque, Brigitte Neffer, Cuellar, Diego, Cardenas, Iván, Krow‐Lucal, Elisabeth, Wannemuehler, Kathleen, de la Hoz Restrepo, Fernando, Sánchez‐Molano, Sandra Marcela, Delgado, Carlos Eugenio, Rivillas‐Garcia, Juan Carlos, and Wasley, Annemarie
- Subjects
HEPATITIS B ,HEPATITIS associated antigen ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEPATITIS B vaccines ,HEPATITIS B virus ,BIRTH rate ,BLOOD group antigens ,VIRAL antibodies - Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a target to eliminate mother‐to‐child‐transmission (EMTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV), defined as a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of ≤0.1% among children, by 2030. Using nationally representative serosurveys to verify achievement of this target requires large sample sizes and significant resources. We assessed the feasibility of a potentially more efficient two‐phase method to verify EMTCT of HBV in Colombia. In the first phase, we conducted a risk assessment to identify municipalities at the highest risk of ongoing HBV transmission. We ranked the 1122 municipalities of Colombia based on the reports of HBV infection in pregnant women per 1000 population. Municipalities with ≥0.3 reports per 1000 persons (equating to the top quartile) were further assessed based on health facility birth rates, coverage with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) and seroprevalence data. Hepatitis B risk was considered to be further increased for municipalities with HepB3 coverage or health facility birth rate <90%. In the second phase, we conducted a multistage household serosurvey of children aged 5–10 years in 36 municipalities with the highest assessed HBV risk. HBsAg was not detected in any of 3203 children tested, yielding a 90% upper confidence bound of <0.1% prevalence. Coverage with HepB3 and hepatitis B birth dose was high at 97.5% and 95.6%, respectively. These results support the conclusion that Colombia has likely achieved EMTCT of HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Prevalence of intestinal parasitism in preschool and school children in Colombia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Pazmiño, Fredy A., Mora‐Salamanca, Andrés Felipe, Mahecha, Brenda Stefania Pérez, Moreno, Esteban Javier Pérez, Olivera, Mario J., Ospina, Angelica Knudson, López, Myriam Consuelo, and Mora-Salamanca, Andrés Felipe
- Subjects
HELMINTHIASIS ,META-analysis ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,INTESTINAL parasites ,DISEASE prevalence ,SCHOOLS - Abstract
Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health challenge in developing countries such as Colombia, causing anaemia and delayed growth and development in children. We aimed to estimate the geographical and prevalence trend of IPIs in the last 30 years in school and preschool children in Colombia.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified potential manuscripts through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo and Google Scholar on the IPIs prevalence in school and preschool children in Colombia. Articles included in the qualitative analysis were published between 1990 and 2020 in English or Spanish and met the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis, a meta-regression and a trend analysis were performed.Results: We identified 2292 articles; 109 were included in the qualitative review, and 79 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated IPI prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 48-63). By age group, the prevalence in preschool children was 37% (95% CI: 26-49) and 66% (95% CI: 52-78) in schoolchildren. The prevalence by region was heterogeneous, with the Amazon being the highest (69%) and the Santanderes the lowest (28%). In the last 20 years, the prevalence of helminthiasis has decreased (from 64.66% in 1990-1995 to 22.09% in 2016-2020).Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs is high (>30%) in three of the seven regions in Colombia. Biannual administration of mass deworming in schoolchildren is recommended in the Amazon region. Public policies aiming to control IPIs should be reinforced. Further prevalence studies should include Cesar, Guaviare, Vichada and Vaupés, where the epidemiology of IPIs is unknown.Sustainable Development Goals: Good health and wellbeing, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Recent evolution of glaciers in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains (Colombian Andes) and the hydrological implications.
- Author
-
López‐Moreno, Juan Ignacio, Rojas‐Heredia, Francisco, Ceballos, Jorge Luis, Morán‐Tejeda, Enrique, Alonso‐Gonzalez, Esteban, Vidaller, Ixeia, Deschamps‐Berger, Cesar, and Revuelto, Jesús
- Subjects
ALPINE glaciers ,LITTLE Ice Age ,MELTWATER ,SOLAR radiation ,GLACIERS - Abstract
This study extends knowledge of the evolution of glacier shrinkage in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains since the maximum glacier extent of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Mass balance data for the Ritacuba Glacier since 2009 were acquired and compared with available data for the Conejeras Glacier (Los Nevados National Park). This study also investigated the hydrological significance of Colombian glaciers, which is still largely unknown because the available information is very limited. Glaciers in the Cocuy‐Güican Mountains covered 13.2 km2 in 2019 compared with 127.8 km2 during the maximum LIA, representing a shrinkage of 89.7%. Analysis of glacier cover observations made in 1955, 1994, 2010, and 2019 revealed that the rate of ice loss was greatest from 1994 to 2010 (0.59 km2 yr−1), and was then almost halved from 2010 to 2019 (0.34 km2 yr−1). This slowing of glacier retreat is consistent with the moderate negative mass balance measured for 2009–2019, and an accumulated loss of 1766 mm w.e. (mm water equivalent). The progressive confinement of glaciers to higher elevations, ice accumulation in topographic locations providing shelter from solar radiation, and an absence of recent marked climatic anomalies could explain why the Cocuy‐Güican glaciers have temporally reached a near equilibrium state conditions. This contrasts with the Conejeras Glacier, where 47,000 mm w.e. has been lost in the same period. The available data on runoff and isotope tracers of streamflow and precipitation suggest that precipitation rather than glacier melt water exerts primary control over the hydrological variability at high elevation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Environment, taxonomy and morphology constrain insect thermal physiology along tropical mountains.
- Author
-
Bota‐Sierra, Cornelio A., García‐Robledo, Carlos, Escobar, Federico, Novelo‐Gutiérrez, Rodolfo, and Londoño, Gustavo A.
- Subjects
INSECT physiology ,ODONATA ,INSECT morphology ,THERMAL tolerance (Physiology) ,HIGH temperatures ,TAXONOMY ,SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Tropical mountains display limited variation in monthly temperatures, but high spatial climatic variability. It is assumed this stability promotes ecological and physiological adaptations to local temperatures, which may preclude dispersal up or downslope. Determining how environmental, taxonomic and morphological factors affect thermal limits is fundamental to understand biotic responses to global warming.We selected 54 species of dragonflies and damselflies (Order Odonata) distributed from 300 to 2,550 m along one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, the Tatamá elevational gradient in the Andean‐Choco region transition. We estimated for 846 individuals three thermal tolerance parameters: CTmax, the highest temperature preceding the loss of motor control, Tvol, the temperature at which individuals avoid heat, and CTmin, the minimum temperature required for wing movement.For each thermal tolerance parameter, we evaluated associations between physiological and behavioural responses, species elevational distribution and specialization to forests or open areas. We also evaluated the effect of autecological characteristics such as body mass, sex and taxonomy on temperature regulation.Temperatures prevalent at different elevations and habitats are associated with odonate upper thermal limits. However, tolerance to low temperatures is not associated with habitat use or elevation. Forest species display lower thermal tolerances. Small species are more tolerant to high temperatures than larger species. Dragonflies are more tolerant to high temperatures than damselflies with similar body mass. Females are more tolerant to high temperatures than males.Our results highlight the importance of considering differences in morphology, life history and behaviour when comparing thermal tolerances of organisms along elevational gradients. Only by incorporating such factors, it would be possible to generate accurate predictions on the impact of climate change on tropical organisms. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Economic growth, labour flexibilization and employment quality in Colombia, 2002-11.
- Author
-
FARNÉ, Stefano and VERGARA, Carlos Andrés
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,HISTORY of economic development ,LABOR market ,QUALITY of work life ,JOB vacancies ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
Over the period 2002-11, the Colombian labour market saw a marked improvement in employment opportunities, accompanied by an increase in nonstandard forms of employment. The authors look at how this affected employment quality, using a composite index based on Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CATPCA). They observe a small but widespread improvement in employment quality - mainly for self-employed women - brought about by higher earnings, increased social protection and less time-related underemployment. However, a considerable 'quality deficit' remains, which calls for policies to strengthen labour market institutions and stimulate productivity and investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Digitalization and e‐government in the lives of urban migrants: Evidence from Bogotá.
- Author
-
Martin‐Shields, Charles P., Camacho, Sonia, Taborda, Rodrigo, and Ruhe, Constantin
- Subjects
INTERNET in public administration ,URBAN life ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,RED tape ,IMMIGRANTS ,INFORMATION & communication technologies - Abstract
Research on the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the lives of migrants is a growing field. However, studies in this area have been conducted mainly in wealthy countries, with municipalities that are capable of supporting migrants or refugees. There is less evidence from middle‐income host countries and how ICTs can help migrants in their resettlement efforts. To address this gap, this study examines ICT access and the use of e‐government services by Venezuelan migrants in Colombia and compares this group with short‐ and long‐term residents of Bogotá. The descriptive analysis of the data reveals that, after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, foreign migrants are less likely to own ICT devices compared to short‐ and long‐term residents, but over time do acquire ICT access. In addition, Venezuelan migrants are less likely to use e‐government services than their local peers even after controlling for demographic characteristics and internet access, with the exception of address registration. The results indicate that ICT access is not a sufficient condition for migrants to access e‐government services and there is a need for policy coordination to reduce bureaucratic "red tape" that may diminish migrants' likelihood of accessing to e‐government services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. An empirical analysis of Colombia's trade liberalization process and its effect on the equilibrium of its structural trade deficit.
- Author
-
Abreo, Carlos, Bustillo, Ricardo, and Rodriguez, Carlos
- Subjects
BALANCE of trade ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,BILATERAL trade ,FREE trade ,GRAVITY model (Social sciences) ,MODEL theory - Abstract
This article examines the extent to which Colombia's trade liberalization, as a government strategy to boost its exports, has helped to balance its structural trade deficit. Based on the trade gravity model theory, we derive two‐way specifications (Colombian exports and imports) in order to analyze bilateral trade flows (fuels and non‐fuels) between Colombia and 136 countries from 2005 to 2018. Additionally, we compare the real export performance of Colombia with its main partners through the trade potential index (TPI), to assess the effect of Colombia's openness on bilateral trade. The econometric approach indicates that the free trade agreement (FTA) factor has a negative net effect on Colombia's exports and a positive net impact on Colombia's imports. Finally, the TPI analysis allows us to infer that although there is an evolution towards the intensification of Colombian trade, this trend is greater in imports than in exports, which suggests a deepening of the Colombian trade deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Disentangling the historical collection of José Jerónimo Triana from the República de la Nueva Granada between 1851 and 1857.
- Author
-
Reinales, Sandra and Parra‐O., Carlos
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC expeditions ,BOTANICAL nomenclature ,LINDENS ,AMBIGUITY ,COLLECTIONS ,HERBARIA - Abstract
The specimens collected by José Jerónimo Triana are an important legacy of the first major scientific expedition organized by the government of Nueva Granada, present‐day Colombia: the Chorographic Commission. After finishing his duties in the Commission, Triana gave to the Colombian government a complete set of his specimens in 1856, along with a catalog where he taxonomically organized and numbered his collections. After traveling to Europe in May 1857, carrying part of his herbarium, Triana prepared a new catalog in which he reorganized the numbering of his collections, and added at least three additional number series: the serial numbers (i.e., Triana "collection numbers"), the "Linden" numbers, and the number of duplicates for each gathering. The use of different number series in the two catalogs and on the labels of duplicates of the same gathering stored in numerous herbaria around the world has produced ambiguity in the designation of type specimens collected by Triana. These nomenclatural issues were analyzed, and a guideline is presented for lectotypifying plant names for which Triana's specimens were used as types. Sixty‐five Triana specimens already deposited in COL were newly identified as types of 62 species names from 36 families, after establishing their proper correspondence to duplicates currently stored in different European herbaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. "Fests of Vests": The Politics of Participation in Neoliberal Peacebuilding in Colombia.
- Author
-
Vélez‐Torres, Irene, Gough, Katherine, Larrea‐Mejía, James, Piccolino, Giulia, and Ruette‐Orihuela, Krisna
- Subjects
PEACEBUILDING ,BUREAUCRACY ,POLITICAL participation ,PARTICIPATION ,NEOLIBERALISM ,COMMUNITY involvement ,RESEARCH departments - Abstract
Copyright of Antipode is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Disentangling drivers of thermal physiology: Community‐wide cold shock recovery of butterflies under natural conditions.
- Author
-
Khazan, Emily S., Haggard, Jaime, Ríos‐Málaver, Indiana Cristobal, Shirk, Philip, and Scheffers, Brett R.
- Subjects
BUTTERFLIES ,THERMAL tolerance (Physiology) ,PHYSIOLOGY ,MELANISM ,ACCLIMATIZATION ,COLD-blooded animals ,CLIMATE change ,GEOTHERMAL ecology - Abstract
Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Features of atmospheric deep convection in northwestern South America obtained from infrared satellite data.
- Subjects
BRIGHTNESS temperature ,GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,TOPOGRAPHY ,COASTS - Abstract
Atmospheric deep convection in equatorial continental regions is not homogeneously distributed in space or time, primarily due to surface inhomogeneities such as elevated topography and coastlines. This is the case in northwestern South America, which has particularly complex topography which, together with its geographical location, is responsible for some of the most prominent precipitation features around the globe. Although some of these features have been previously investigated in detail, others have not yet been studied, and some not even documented in the literature. The diverse atmospheric convective activity that takes place in this region constitutes a natural laboratory that can provide important insights into fundamental questions relevant for global climate. We use seven years of infrared brightness temperature data in 30 min intervals from the GOES‐13 geostationary satellite to estimate the spatial, seasonal and diurnal distributions of deep convective events in this region. By doing so, we bring forward several relevant features, providing a starting point for future investigations. For example, we find that deep convective events have a bimodal seasonal distribution throughout most of the Colombian Orinoco and Amazon basins, where precipitation is known to have a unimodal distribution. Furthermore, deep convective events in this region tend to be comparable in size to those offshore the Colombian Pacific coast or over the Magdalena river valley, but with significantly shorter lifetimes. On the other hand, nocturnal convection dominates at several continental locations; one of these, the middle‐lower Magdalena river valley, has been previously identified as one of the most active lightning hotspots on Earth, but its convective mechanisms have not yet been fully investigated. Another such location worth investigating is the middle Magdalena river valley, which may have strong similarities with the Maracaibo Lake area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Becoming coca: A materiality approach to a commodity chain analysis of hoja de coca in Colombia Laura Pereira Becoming coca: a materiality approach.
- Author
-
Pereira, Laura
- Subjects
- *
COCA , *PSYCHOTROPIC plants , *ERYTHROXYLUM , *COCA industry - Abstract
Coca is a controversial plant, existing on the boundary between legality and illegality. This study aims at providing an analytical technique for discussing the problematic of coca in Colombia. Using new theoretical propositions in human geography, a more-than-human approach is adopted to encounter coca holistically. The results are a narrative account of coca's social life as experienced by the researcher following its network of non-cocaine derivatives. An analytical section invokes the Foucauldian dispositif to the drug trade and utilizes concepts of informed materials and technological zones to describe coca outside a political economy discourse. The research finds that coca's dynamic materiality complicates it as a commodity and that these conventional approaches do not fully encapsulate this complexity. By grappling with the messiness of coca's materiality, this paper reveals the multiplicity and interplay of coca's definitions, which lie at the heart of many conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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