10 results on '"Cardoso, Pedro"'
Search Results
2. Functional convergence underground? The scale‐dependency of community assembly processes in European cave spiders.
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Mammola, Stefano, Graco‐Roza, Caio, Ballarin, Francesco, Hesselberg, Thomas, Isaia, Marco, Lunghi, Enrico, Mouron, Samuel, Pavlek, Martina, Tolve, Marco, and Cardoso, Pedro
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SPIDERS ,KARST ,SPELEOTHEMS ,CAVES ,SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Aim: Quantifying the relative contribution of environmental filtering versus limiting similarity in shaping communities is challenging because these processes often act simultaneously and their effect is scale‐dependent. Focusing on caves, island‐like natural laboratories with limited environmental variability and species diversity, we tested: (i) the relative contribution of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in determining community assembly in caves; (ii) how the relative contribution of these driving forces changes along environmental gradients. Location: Europe. Time period: Present. Major taxa studied: Subterranean spiders. Methods: We used data on distribution and traits for European cave spiders (n = 475 communities). We estimated the trait space of each community using probabilistic hypervolumes, and obtained estimations of functional richness independent of the species richness of each community via null modelling. We model functional diversity change along environmental gradients using generalized dissimilarity modelling. Results: Sixty‐three percent of subterranean spider communities exhibited a prevalence of trait underdispersion. However, most communities displayed trait dispersion that did not depart significantly from random, suggesting that environmental filtering and limiting similarity were both exerting equally weak or strong, yet opposing influences. Overdispersed communities were primarily concentrated in southern latitudes, particularly in the Dinaric karst, where there is greater subterranean habitat availability. Pairwise comparisons of functional richness across caves revealed these effects to be strongly scale‐dependent, largely varying across gradients of cave development, elevation, precipitation, entrance size and annual temperature range. Conversely, geographical distance weakly affected trait composition, suggesting convergence in traits among communities that are far apart. Main conclusions: Even systems with stringent environmental conditions maintain the potential for trait differentiation, especially in areas of greater habitat availability. Yet, the relative influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity change with scale, along clear environmental gradients. The interplay of these processes may explain the assembly of species‐poor subterranean communities displaying high functional specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. From forest to forestry: Reassembly of spider communities after native forest replacement by pine monocultures.
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Munévar, Ana, Cardoso, Pedro, and Zurita, Gustavo Andrés
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COLONIZATION (Ecology) , *FORESTS & forestry , *SPIDERS , *FOREST biodiversity , *SPECIFIC gravity , *FOREST density , *HABITATS , *PINE - Abstract
Worldwide, natural ecosystems have been replaced by intensive productive systems. This has led to an extreme simplification of habitat structure and loss of ecosystem heterogeneity but also might reduce the opportunities for species co‐occurrence.Anthropogenic disturbances offer an opportunity to explore how the functional diversity of spiders within a highly diverse ecosystem such as a subtropical forest change under intensive productive systems such as monoculture tree plantations. It allows to study the mechanisms underlying the community re‐assemblage process.Using a set of morphological and ecological traits of 259 species, the habitat filtering hypothesis was tested on spider communities inhabiting pine monocultures at different ages, where the stabilisation of habitat conditions such as vegetation complexity, maximum temperature/relative humidity and prey availability along the plantation cycle growth will promote spider colonisation of these productive areas.The conversion of native forest to pine monocultures decreased species and trait richness of spiders. Moreover, spiders from both communities differed in their identity but exhibited similar functional traits (low trait replacement). Variation in trait composition of spiders was explained by changes in vertical stratification complexity, tree density and relative humidity, rather than prey availability.The mechanistic processes structuring the spider community were not clear. Spiders from pine plantations might experience frequent changes in composition due to high species replacement levels in space and time. Because pine plantations harbour only a few species and exhibit low functional richness, the pressure for stabilisation of community composition can be low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across- scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages.
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Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Rigal, François, Girardello, Marco, Cardoso, Pedro, Crespo, Luís Carlos, Amorim, Isabel R., Arnedo, Miquel, Boieiro, Mário, Carvalho, José Carlos, Carvalho, Rui, Gabriel, Rosalina, Lamelas-Lopez, Lucas, López, Heriberto, Paulo, Octávio S., Pereira, Fernando, Pérez-Delgado, Antonio J., Rego, Carla, Romeiras, Maria, Ros-Prieto, Alejandra, and Oromí, Pedro
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HABITATS ,DISPERSAL (Ecology) ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,AIR warfare ,ENDANGERED species ,TROPICAL dry forests ,SPIDERS - Abstract
Aim: Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. Location: The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). Taxon: Spiders (Araneae). Methods: We established forest and dry habitat sites (each with five plots) on two islands per archipelago. We collected spiders using standardised sampling protocols. We tested the differences in beta diversity separately for each habitat and for each inferred category of ballooning (an aerial dispersal strategy) frequency across geographic scales through nested non-parametric permutational multivariate analyses of variance. We then tested whether ballooning and habitat influenced heterogeneity in species composition (dispersion in beta diversity) in the two habitat types. We analysed the effects of habitat and ballooning on species abundance distribution (SAD) and rarity by fitting Gambin models and evaluating the contribution of ballooning categories to SAD. Results: Communities of the same archipelago and habitat were taxonomically more similar, and beta diversity increased with geographic scale, being greater in dry habitats. There was greater species replacement among assemblages in dry habitats than in forests, with greater differences for rare ballooners. There were no differences in SAD between habitats although dry habitat sites seemed to harbour more species with low abundances (rare species) than forests. Main conclusions: Habitat type does not only condition the differences between spider assemblages of the same habitat but also the scale at which they occur. These differences may be determined by the heterogeneity in the physical structure of each habitat as well as how much this structure facilitates aerial dispersal (ballooning), and should be considered in theories/hypotheses on island community assembly as well as in conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Concepts and applications in functional diversity.
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Mammola, Stefano, Carmona, Carlos P., Guillerme, Thomas, and Cardoso, Pedro
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FUNCTIONAL analysis - Abstract
The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding of biological diversity and its change across space and time. Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise the critical value of looking at species and communities from a functional perspective, and this has led to a proliferation of methods for estimating contrasting dimensions of functional diversity.Differences between these methods and their development generated terminological inconsistencies and confusion about the selection of the most appropriate approach for addressing any particular ecological question, hampering the potential for comparative studies, simulation exercises and meta‐analyses.Two general mathematical frameworks for estimating functional diversity are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, functional dendrograms) and those relying on multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes.We review these frameworks, discuss their strengths and weaknesses and provide an overview of the main R packages performing these calculations. In parallel, we propose a way for organising functional diversity metrics in a unified scheme to quantify the richness, divergence and regularity of species or individuals under each framework. This overview offers a roadmap for confidently approaching functional diversity analyses both theoretically and practically. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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6. Functional diversity metrics using kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolumes.
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Mammola, Stefano, Cardoso, Pedro, and Poisot, Timothée
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BIOTIC communities ,SET functions ,ALGORITHMS ,INDEPENDENT sets - Abstract
Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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7. A combined field survey and molecular identification protocol for comparing forest arthropod biodiversity across spatial scales.
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Emerson, Brent C., Casquet, Juliane, López, Heriberto, Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A. V., Mollaret, Noémy, Oromí, Pedro, Strasberg, Dominique, and Thébaud, Christophe
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ARTHROPODA classification ,INVERTEBRATE diversity ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,SPIDER ecology ,RAIN forests - Abstract
Obtaining fundamental biodiversity metrics such as alpha, beta and gamma diversity for arthropods is often complicated by a lack of prior taxonomic information and/or taxonomic expertise, which can result in unreliable morphologically based estimates. We provide a set of standardized ecological and molecular sampling protocols that can be employed by researchers whose taxonomic skills may be limited, and where there may be a lack of robust a priori information regarding the regional pool of species. These protocols combine mass sampling of arthropods, classification of samples into parataxonomic units ( PUs) and selective sampling of individuals for mt DNA sequencing to infer biological species. We sampled ten lowland rainforest plots located on the volcanic oceanic island of Réunion (Mascarene archipelago) for spiders, a group with limited taxonomic and distributional data for this region. We classified adults and juveniles into PUs and then demonstrated the reconciliation of these units with presumed biological species using mt DNA sequence data, ecological data and distributional data. Because our species assignment protocol is not reliant upon prior taxonomic information, or taxonomic expertise, it minimizes the problem of the Linnean shortfall to yield diversity estimates that can be directly compared across independent studies. Field sampling can be extended to other arthropod groups and habitats by adapting our field sampling protocol accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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8. Impact of land-use change on flower-visiting insect communities on an oceanic island.
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Picanço, Ana, Rigal, François, Matthews, Thomas J., Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A. V., Schonrogge, Karsten, and Gilbert, Francis
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INSECT communities ,LAND use ,SPECIES ,POLLINATORS - Abstract
Land-use change has profoundly impacted pollinator communities throughout the world. However, the processes through which it acts on pollinator diversity and composition are still poorly understood, especially in highly vulnerable island ecosystems., In this study, we investigated the distribution, abundance, richness and composition of flower-visiting insects to assess their response to land-use change in Terceira Island (Azores)., Flower-visiting insects were sampled over 2 years using a standardised protocol along 50 transects across five different habitats corresponding to a land-use gradient. Insect species were classified as indigenous or exotics. We assessed changes across habitats using multiple diversity indices, species abundance distribution models ( SAD) and species composition metrics (β-diversity), along with plant species composition., We observed that indigenous flower-visiting insects were dominant, both in abundance and species richness, across the entire land-use gradient. Species diversity varied only slightly across the gradient. SADs were lognormal in all habitats, with very few truly common and rare flower-visiting insects and a prevalence of species of intermediate abundance. Species replacement was significantly higher mainly between the two most contrasting habitats (i.e. natural forests and intensive pastures) but was significantly correlated with species replacement of host plant species across the gradient., Our results revealed that the Azorean flower-visiting insect communities were highly simplified across the entire gradient with little difference between habitats. In the absence of strong exotic competitors, indigenous flower-visiting insects expand their range and occupy new anthropogenic habitats, also facilitating the expansion of a large number of exotic plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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9. Processes underpinning fish species composition patterns in estuarine ecosystems worldwide.
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Henriques, Sofia, Cardoso, Pedro, Cardoso, Inês, Laborde, Marina, Cabral, Henrique N., and Vasconcelos, Rita P.
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BIOGEOGRAPHY , *FISH communities , *ESTUARINE ecology , *ANIMAL dispersal , *HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) - Abstract
Aim We present the first global biogeographical regionalization of estuaries, assessing how dispersal limitation and/or environmental filtering mechanisms drive the patterns of fish assemblage composition among and within biogeographical regions. Location Estuaries worldwide. Methods A bootstrapped hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to define biogeographical regions based on pairwise beta diversity (βsim) of fish assemblages among 393 estuaries worldwide. Variables representing dispersal limitation and environmental features were used to disentangle the possible effects of assembly processes acting among and within biogeographical regions, through hierarchical partitioning of variation. Finally, we assessed the contribution of species to beta diversity through a method newly developed in this article. Results Estuaries were grouped into seven major biogeographical regions explained by geographical dispersal variables. Dissimilarity in species composition within each biogeographical region was mainly determined by ecosystem-connectivity dispersal variables, with a minor influence of environmental variables (chiefly sea surface temperature). Marine species contributed highly to beta diversity between estuaries but less than expected by chance, whilst freshwater species had low contributions yet also less than expected. Estuarine (i.e. brackish) and diadromous species had low contributions to beta diversity but higher than expected by chance. Main conclusions Fish assemblage composition in estuaries seems to be driven by dispersal limitation processes both among and within biogeographical regions, with only a minor role of environmental filtering evident within biogeographical regions. These findings contrast with the acknowledged importance of environmental variables as drivers of species richness patterns. Irrespective of biogeographical region, the ecosystem affinity of a species determined its contribution to beta diversity between estuaries. The new method presented here offers new opportunities for assessing the effects of taxonomic and functional aspects on beta diversity (βsim) across taxa and ecosystems, and thus contributes to improving knowledge of assembly processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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10. Testing the performance of beta diversity measures based on incidence data: the robustness to undersampling.
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Cardoso, Pedro, Borges, Paulo A. V., and Veech, Joseph A.
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BIODIVERSITY , *ARTHROPODA , *BIOTIC communities , *ECOLOGY - Abstract
Aim Researchers measuring beta diversity have rarely concerned themselves with the problems of how complete the species lists of studied communities are, and of how the varying degrees of completeness can actually change estimates of beta diversity. No comprehensive assessment has been made regarding the behaviour of most beta diversity indices when applied to incomplete samples, a situation which is more common than usually recognized. Our objective was to assess the behaviour and robustness of a number of beta diversity measures for incidence data from undersampled communities. Location Mainland Portugal and the Azorean archipelago (North Atlantic). Methods Data from intensive sampling of spiders in mainland Portugal and arthropods in Azores were collected. We examined the properties of 15 beta diversity measures developed for incidence data. We simulated varying degrees of completeness, whereas computing beta diversity for selected pairs of samples. The robustness of these beta diversity accumulation curves was assessed for the purpose of finding the best measures for undersampled communities. Results The Harrison et al.β-2 and the Williams β-3 are particularly robust to undersampling. These measures are also insensitive to differences of alpha diversity (species richness) between communities, and therefore to nestedness. Colwell & Coddington βcc and the related Jaccard βj and Gaston et al.βg performed best of the measures sensitive to alpha diversity. They performed poorly, however, when compared communities exhibited very low values of beta diversity. In such cases, the Routledge βr performed the best. Main conclusions No index was found to perform without bias in all circumstances. Overall, β-2, β-3 and βcc (or related measures βj and βg) are recommended as they seem to be the most robust to undersampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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