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Background and Aim(S): This study retrospectively assessed the prevalence of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS coinfection among patients that attended the Directly Observed Treatment Short‐course (DOTS) centers in Anambra State, Southeast, Nigeria, between 2013 and 2017. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive and retrospective epidemiological survey design. A total of 1443 case files of patients aged 15−60 who were treated in DOTS centers selected from Anambra State's 21 Local Government Areas between 2013 and 2017 were investigated. The uniform data form, a standardized instrument used in Anambra State's health facilities for data collection, was used to collect data from case files of all those identified as coinfected with TB and HIV/AIDS. Results: The mean prevalence rate of TB and HIV/AIDS coinfection in the state during the 5‐year period (2013–2017) was 20.00%. The highest annual prevalence of TB and HIV/AIDS coinfection was recorded in 2014 (23.84%). The state's prevalence of TB and HIV/AIDS coinfection increased dramatically from 13.17% in 2013 to 23.84% in 2014, followed by a slight downward trend to 22.80% in 2015, 20.17% in 2016, and 20.03% in 2017. In terms of gender, age, marital status, and occupation, females (59.5%), those aged 15 to 25 years (30.7%), married people (43.90%), and traders/business owners (50.7%), respectively, had the highest rates of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS coinfection during the study period. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that young people, females, married people, and traders/business owners appear to be the most vulnerable groups affected by TB and HIV/AIDS coinfection, accounting for the majority of the disease burden in the state. To address the high prevalence of TB and HIV/AIDS coinfection in the Anambra State, novel intervention and control programs should be developed and implemented, and existing intervention frameworks should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a study which examines changes in a group of Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing students' perceptions, knowledge of and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), accruing from attempts at a systematized education for the cohort. Based upon a 3-month study of 141 registered nurses enrolled in a BSc nursing programme at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, it investigates alterations in knowledge and attitudes resulting from intense instruction on HIV/AIDS, AIDS patient care, and compliance with universal precautions. With regard to knowledge enhancement and attitudinal transformation, the research reveals that a number of positive changes occurred over the period of the study. Not only were the nurses better informed about AIDS than previously, but their attitudes towards the disease and patient care had become considerably more liberal, as well as their disposition to comply with universal precautions. The conclusion emphasizes that it is very important for education about HIV/AIDS to be incorporated within current undergraduate and in-service training programmes for Nigerian nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile phones in enhancing self‐care, adjustment and engagement in non‐disclosed youth living with HIV. Background: Youth aged 15–24 years represent 42% of new HIV infections globally. Youth who are aware of their HIV status generally do not disclose it or utilize HIV‐related facilities because of fear of stigma. They rely on the Internet for health maintenance information and access formal care only when immune‐compromised and in crisis. Introduction: This study shows how non‐disclosed youth living with HIV can be reached and engaged for self‐management and adjustment through mobile phone. Study design: One‐group pre‐test/post‐test experimental design was used. Methods: Mobile phones were used to give information, motivation and counselling to 19 purposively recruited non‐disclosed youth with HIV in Calabar, South‐South Nigeria. Psychological adjustment scale, modified self‐care capacity scale and patient activation measure were used to collect data. Data were analysed using PASW 18.0. Results: Scores on self‐care capacity, psychological adjustment and engagement increased significantly at post‐test. HIV‐related visits to health facilities did not improve significantly even at 6 months. Participants still preferred to consult healthcare providers for counselling through mobile phone. Discussion: Mobile phone‐based interventions are low cost, convenient, ensure privacy and are suitable for youth. Such remote health counselling enhances self‐management and positive living. Conclusion and implications for health policy: Mobile phones enhance self‐care, psychological adjustment and engagement in non‐disclosed youth living with HIV, and can be used to increase care coverage. Findings underline the importance of policies to increase access by locating, counselling and engaging HIV‐infected youth in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two cases of cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at Faith Alive Clinic in Jos, Nigeria. First case involves a 45-year-old male with pruritic skin lesions and was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and systemic antihistamines. Second case presents a 30-year-old male diagnosed with chronic psoriasiform dermatitis exacerbation secondary to HIV infection.

This article examines the sexual behaviour and the HIV/AIDS knowledge and vulnerability of female street hawkers in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 126 female street hawkers under 18 were sampled in a cross-sectional survey and six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to generate data from respondents. Data on sexual behaviour reveal that 79.4% of respondents are sexually active, while 62.6% of them initiated sexual intercourse at 11 years old or below. Data on knowledge about HIV/AIDS show that all the respondents have heard about the pandemic. Specifically, 64.3% and 35.7% of respondents mentioned sexual intercourse and blood contact as major routes for HIV transmission, respectively. Only 7.1% of the respondents use condoms during sexual intercourse. FGD data show significant relationships between sexual behaviour and condom use and the poverty level of the families, parental neglect, and poor parent – child communication. Since female street hawkers in Nigeria are highly vulnerable to HIV infection, the government and NGOs working on the prevention of HIV/AIDS should pay special attention to children, especially urban street hawkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]