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Aim: To answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy human subjects (P), which are the differences between peri‐implantitis (E) and peri‐implant health/mucositis (C) in terms of bacterial presence/count (O)?" Materials and Methods: Cross‐sectional studies fulfilling specific inclusion criteria established to answer the PECO question were included. Two review authors independently searched for studies, screened the titles and abstracts, did full‐text analysis, extracted the data from the included reports, and performed the risk of bias assessment through an adaptation of the Newcastle/Ottawa tool for cross‐sectional studies and of the JBI critical appraisal checklist. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer author took the final decision. Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, involving 1233 participants and 1513 implants. Peri‐implantitis was associated with the presence of S. epidermidis (Odds ratio, OR = 10.28 [95% Confidence interval, CI: 1.26–83.98]), F. nucleatum (OR = 7.83 [95% CI: 2.24–27.36]), T. denticola (OR = 6.11 [95% CI: 2.72–13.76]), T. forsythia (OR = 4.25 [95% CI: 1.71–10.57]), P. intermedia (OR = 3.79 [95% CI: 1.07–13.35]), and P. gingivalis (OR = 2.46 [95% CI: 1.21–5.00]). Conversely, the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR = 3.82 [95% CI: 0.59–24.68]), S. aureus (OR = 1.05 [95% CI: 0.06–17.08]), and C. rectus (OR = 1.48 [95% CI: 0.69–3.17]) was not associated with peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: Peri‐implantitis is associated with the presence of S. epidermidis and specific periodontopathogens (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and P. intermedia). (CRD42021254589) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bone demineralization has shown to be advantageous in autogenous onlay bone grafts and in pre-osteoblasts cultures, but such procedure has never been evaluated in particulate bone grafts. This study aimed to investigate the role of two demineralizing agents in the repair of the 8-mm critical-size defects in rats' calvaria.Methods: Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of eight groups as follows: particulate autogenous bone demineralized with citric acid for 15 seconds (CA15), 30 seconds (CA30), or 60 seconds (CA60); particulate autogenous bone demineralized with tetracycline hydrochloride for 15 seconds (TCN15), 30 seconds (TCN30), or 60 seconds (TCN60); blood clot (NC), and non-demineralized autogenous bone (PC). The calvariae were harvested at 30 and 60 postoperative days (n = 5) for blinded histological and histometric analysis of the percentage area of newly formed bone within the defects.Results: In the NC and TCN groups, bone formation was limited to the margins of the defects at 30 postoperative days, whereas complete closure was present in all the specimens from CA15 group. Both at 30 and 60 postoperative days, histomorphometry showed significant higher area of newly formed bone in specimens demineralized with CA than in those demineralized with TCN or non-demineralized (P < 0.05). TCN appeared to impair bone neoformation, as its use produced similar or inferior results compared to blood clot.Conclusions: Demineralization of particulate bone grafts with CA during 15s enhanced the regeneration of critical-size defects and may be a promising adjuvant in regenerative procedures. TCN seems to be improper for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The aim of this interventional, parallel‐assignment, single‐blinded, randomized, efficacy study was to investigate the efficacy of the treatment of gingival recessions by osteogenic cell transfer. This is the first randomized clinical trial of this nature. Material and Methods: Treatment of Miller class I or II gingival recessions >4 mm was randomly defined by casual sorting and performed by newly forming bone graft (NFBG) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) or subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and CAF (control). Clinical examinations were performed by a single blinded examiner at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Parameters investigated were recession height (REC), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque index (PlI), and keratinized gingiva width (KGW). Results: Both techniques achieved similar percentage of root coverage, but NFBG was more effective in pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain, and reduction of plaque accumulation and of bleeding on probing. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the transfer of osteogenic cells by NFBG is able to improve clinical attachment level and to cover denuded roots. NFBG can be used as an alternative treatment of deep recessions (≥4 mm), where the restoration of lost periodontal tissues is intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anastrozole is a well‐known anticancer drug used in aromatase‐dependent cancer chemotherapy as a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Investigations involving the adsorption of anastrozole on gold surfaces are on demand, because gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as nanocarriers of drugs, and such a compound can be used against aromatase‐expressing neoplastic cells. In this work, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between anastrozole and the surfaces of AuNPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to simulate the molecular interactions with gold atom through two possible ways, triazole or nitrile moieties. Experimental results, supported by DFT calculations to assign main vibrational modes, indicate that the nitrile groups are the most preferred anchorage moieties for the adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) survival rate is influenced by the fact that diagnoses occur mostly in late stages of the disease. Thus, there is a clear contribution in the early findings, making the use of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis, such as analysis of salivary markers, interesting tools. Methods A systematic review was performed with all studies that establish a comparison between the levels of saliva-based markers found in patients with OSCC compared with cancer-free individuals. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Of them, only 12 showed some caution with oral conditions before sample collection. A wide range of potential markers was evaluated; however, the comparison between studies was impaired because each marker was hardly explored by more than 1 article. Conclusion The lack of methodological criteria within studies and the absence of consensus on marker choice are obstacles for future researches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 797-811, 2017 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 103 cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-β1 induced a 344.17% ± 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P <0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% ± 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% ± 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% ± 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 ± 1.79), with significant differences (P <0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Many techniques and flap designs have been used to treat gingival recession by root coverage, but subepithelial connective tissue graft ( SCTG) seems to be the gold standard procedure. In an attempt to improve the healing process and increase the success rate of root coverage, some authors have used root modifiers, including different root conditioners, lasers, EMD, recombinant human growth factors and platelet-rich plasma ( PRP). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of root biomodification in clinical outcomes of gingival recessions treated with SCTG. Material and Methods Studies reporting SCTG associated with any form of root surface biomodification for root coverage of gingival recessions (Miller Class I and Class II) were considered as eligible for inclusion. Studies needed to have data of clinical outcomes in a follow up of at least 6 months. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Results None of the products evaluated (citric acid, EDTA, PRP, lasers and EMD) showed evident benefits in clinical outcomes. Test and control groups presented similar outcomes related to root coverage and periodontal parameters, with no statistical differences between them. The exception was root biomodification with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, which impaired root coverage and had a detrimental effect on clinical outcomes. Conclusion Based on the present clinical data, the use of root surface modifiers to improve clinical outcomes in gingival recessions treated with SCTG is not justified. More in vivo studies, and randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and extended follow up, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Int J Dent Hygiene , 2011; 21-29 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00423.x Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant'ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis ( n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the role of growth factors in periodontal regeneration, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), alone or in combination, on the rate of proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro.Methods: After establishment and characterization of a primary culture of PDL cells, 72 culture dishes were plated with 10(3) cells distributed among four test groups and a control group. Test groups had PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, IGF-1, or a combination of all three added to the culture medium, whereas the control group received no growth factor. The samples were counted in triplicate 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after seeding. For the adhesion assay, 14 patients provided 30 root fragments distributed among 10 groups: scaling and root planing (SRP), SRP + growth factors, SRP + citric acid plus tetracycline (CA+T), and SRP + (CA+T) + growth factors. The data were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance complemented by Tukey, Dunnett, and Student-Newman-Keuels methods.Results: Maximum rates of proliferation were observed at day 3 for all groups. TGF-beta1 induced a 344.17% +/- 58.80% increased proliferation rate over control (P < 0.05), followed by the combination (277.5% +/- 29.38%), PDGF-BB (238.79% +/- 5.79%), and IGF-1 (233.16% +/- 19.19%). Groups treated by (CA+T) showed increased numbers of cells attached to root fragments, especially SRP + (CA+T) + combination (13.25 +/- 1.79), with significant differences (P < 0.05) from groups treated only by SRP.Conclusion: This combination of growth factors stimulated a mitogenic response and favored the adhesion of PDL cells in vitro, suggesting its possible role in periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects of magnifying the damage caused by obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, using a model of maternal periodontitis, on the structure of the anterior tibialis muscle of the offspring. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), obese (n = 6), control with periodontitis (n = 6) and obese with periodontitis (n = 6). At 78 days of life, the rats were mated with males without any experimental intervention. The offspring of these rats (n = 1/L), at 120 days of life, were weighed and measured, then euthanized. Plasma was collected for analysis of cytokines IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17 and TNF‐α. Adipose tissues were collected and weighed, and the anterior tibial muscle was designated for histomorphological analyses (n = 6/group). Results: Monosodium glutamate offspring showed significant muscle changes, such as a reduction in the size of fibres and neuromuscular junctions, and an increase in the nucleus and capillaries. However, all these changes were more expressed in monosodium glutamate‐obese with periodontitis offspring. Conclusion: This leads us to suggest a magnifying effect promoted by periodontitis to the damage already well described by monosodium glutamate‐obesity, determined by low‐intensity inflammation, causing greater muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M. Swink, I. Sant'Ana Gallo, C. Defee, A. Lago da Silva (2023). Supply chain visibility types and contextual characteristics: A literature‐based synthesis. Journal of Business Logistics, 45(1), 1–29.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis research was financed in part by the Coordination for Improvement of Personnel and Higher Education (CAPES; Financing Code 001).Due to publisher oversight, an acknowledgment of funding was not included in the published version of the article. The statement has now been added to the article.We apologize for this error. [Extracted from the article]

The present study aimed to evaluate if sepsis sensitizes behavioural and biochemical responses induced by m‐amphetamine. For this, Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture. After 30 days of cecal ligation and puncture procedure, the animals were submitted to a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or m‐amphetamine (.25,.50, or 1.0 mg/kg). Locomotor behaviour was assessed 2 h after the administration. Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumour necrosis factor‐α, dopamine‐cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of 32,000 kDa (DARPP‐32) and neuronal calcium sensor (NCS‐1) levels were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Also, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuronal growth factor and glial‐derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed in the hippocampus. M‐amphetamine alone (.25 and 1.0 mg/kg) increased rats' locomotion and exploratory behaviour compared with the Sham + Sal. Animals from the cecal ligation and puncture + m‐amphetamine (.5 and/or 1.0 mg/kg) group showed an increase in locomotion, exploratory and risk‐like behaviour when compared with the Sham + Saline group and with its respective Sham groups. Cecal ligation and puncture increased interleukin levels compared with the Sham + Sal. However, cecal ligation and puncture animals that received m‐amphetamine (1 mg/kg) increased even more, these inflammatory parameters compared with the Sham + Sal and the cecal ligation and puncture + saline group. M‐amphetamine at lower doses increased neurotrophic factors, but higher doses decreased these parameters in the brain of cecal ligation and puncture rats. M‐amphetamine dose‐dependently increased DARPP‐32 and NCS‐1 levels in cecal ligation and puncture rats in some structures. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that sepsis sensitizes behavioural amphetamine responses while inducing inflammatory and neurotrophic vulnerability in the cecal ligation and puncture model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The aim of implantoplasty (IP) is to remove titanium implant layers that have been contaminated and to smoothen the implant surfaces so they retain less plaque. However, existing IP methods are very invasive and reduce implant wall thickness. Aim: To investigate the suitability of novel sonic tips in IP and to compare this novel protocol with conventional abrasive procedures. Materials and Methods: Thirty dental implants (Ø 4.1 mm, 10 mm length) were distributed in three groups and investigated according to the protocol of Sivolella et al., with modifications to the instrument's feed rate, the applied contact force, and the speed of implant rotations per minute. The upper third of the implant was processed with a diamond‐coated bur (BUR) or novel non‐diamond‐coated sonic tips (AIRSCALER). After standardized IP, the surfaces were analyzed by tactile profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Changes in implant weight, implant material loss, and implant fracture strength were assessed. Results: The mean roughness (Ra, Sa), implant material loss, and change in implant weight were significantly lower in the AIRSCALER group than in the BUR group, whereas the mean compression resistance values were significantly higher in the AIRSCALER group than in the BUR group. Conclusions: IP with uncoated sonic tips smoothes the surfaces and reduces structural loss of the implant in the area of microthreads. This new IP method could be of great clinical importance, especially for implants with microthreads and reduced diameter or wall thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate several mechanical and chemical decontamination methods associated with a newly introduced biofilm matrix disruption strategy for biofilm cleaning and preservation of implant surface features. Materials and Methods: Titanium (Ti) discs were obtained by additive manufacturing. Polymicrobial biofilm‐covered Ti disc surfaces were decontaminated with mechanical [Ti curette, Teflon curette, Ti brush, water–air jet device, and Er:YAG laser] or chemical [iodopovidone (PVPI) 0.2% to disrupt the extracellular matrix, along with amoxicillin; minocycline; tetracycline; H2O2 3%; chlorhexidine 0.2%; NaOCl 0.95%; hydrocarbon‐oxo‐borate‐based antiseptic] protocols. The optimal in vitro mechanical/chemical protocol was then tested in combination using an in vivo biofilm model with intra‐oral devices. Results: Er:YAG laser treatment displayed optimum surface cleaning by biofilm removal with minimal deleterious damage to the surface, smaller Ti release, good corrosion stability, and improved fibroblast readhesion. NaOCl 0.95% was the most promising agent to reduce in vitro and in vivo biofilms and was even more effective when associated with PVPI 0.2% as a pre‐treatment to disrupt the biofilm matrix. The combination of Er:YAG laser followed by PVPI 0.2% plus NaOCl 0.95% promoted efficient decontamination of rough Ti surfaces by disrupting the biofilm matrix and killing remnants of in vivo biofilms formed in the mouth (the only protocol to lead to ~99% biofilm eradication). Conclusion: Er:YAG laser + PVPI 0.2% + NaOCl 0.95% can be a reliable decontamination protocol for Ti surfaces, eliminating microbial biofilms without damaging the implant surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the most important crops in southern Brazil, but little is known about the distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We surveyed the occurrence and diversity of PPNs in 36 tobacco‐growing areas in southern Brazil as well as evaluated their relationship with 19 bioclimatic variables. For these purposes, extracted nematodes (from soil and roots) were identified based on morphological and biochemical traits and estimates of incidence and abundance were obtained, which were used to compute diversity indices. Furthermore, the relationship between taxa and diversity and the influence of bioclimatic variables were studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs), respectively. We observed diversity across the sampled sites, with values varying from 0.03 to 1.22 and from 0.05 to 0.76 according to the Shannon‐Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices, respectively. Seven genera of PPNs (Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Mesocriconema) were identified, highlighting taxa with high incidence and abundance, such as Meloidogyne (100%; 1800 to 41,850 specimens/250 cm3), Helicotylenchus (100%; 50 to 9850 specimens/250 cm3), and Pratylenchus (86.1%; 50 to 1950 specimens/250 cm3). The PCA disclosed the major roles of Meloidogyne, Tylenchus, and Helicotylenchus in the structure of the PPN communities and their interplays. Among root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica, M. arenaria and M. incognita were the predominant species. Using GLMs, we found that average annual temperature and annual precipitation strongly influenced the abundance of PPNs as well as the diversity indices (p <.01), with negative and/or positive interactions. Collectively, our findings fill gaps in knowledge about the current impact of PPNs and provide insights into future scenarios, including for other host crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this systematic review was two‐fold: (i) to evaluate the long‐term (≥5 years) stability of the gingival margin position, keratinized tissue width (KTW) and gingival thickness (GT) in sites that underwent root coverage (RC) or gingival augmentation (GA); and (ii) to assess the influence of different local variables on the long‐term stability of dental and gingival tissues. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs reporting short‐term (i.e., 6–12 months after baseline surgical intervention) and long‐term (≥5 years) follow‐up data after surgical treatment of adult patients presenting single or multiple mucogingival deformities, defined as sites presenting gingival recession defects (GRDs) and/or (KTW) deficiency (i.e., <2 mm), were considered eligible for inclusion. MEDLINE–PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for articles published up to 15 May 2023. Mixed‐effects multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between KTW, type of surgical procedure and time (i.e., independent variables) on the stability of the gingival margin in sites that received RC or GA therapy. Results: Of the 2569 potentially eligible records, 41 (reporting 40 studies) met the eligibility criteria. Graphical estimates including data from all RC procedures found an upward trend in recession depth (RD) increase over time. Conversely, it was observed that in 63.63% of RC studies and in 59.32% of RC treatment arms KTW increased over time, particularly in sites treated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs). Conversely, sites that underwent GA procedures generally exhibited an overall reduction of KTW over time. However, sites treated with free gingival grafts (FGGs) showed a decrease in RD after 10 years of follow‐up. Three main findings derived from the pooled estimates were identified: (i) Gingival margin stability was associated with the amount of KTW present during short‐term assessment (i.e. the greater the KTW at 6–12 months after treatment, the more stable the gingival margin). (ii) The use of autogenous soft‐tissue grafts was associated with lower RD increase over time. (iii) Treatment approaches that contribute to the three‐dimensional enhancement of the gingival phenotype, as clearly demonstrated by FGG, were associated with gingival margin stability. Conclusions: The extent of apical migration of the gingival margin appears to be directly related to the amount of KTW and GT upon tissue maturation. Interventions involving the use of autogenous grafts, either SCTG or FGG, are associated with greater short‐term KTW gain and lower RD increase over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this extension study was to compare the 10‐year outcome of 3.3 mm diameter titanium–zirconium (TiZr) or grade IV titanium (Ti) implants in mandibular implant‐overdentures. Materials and Methods: This study is the 10‐year follow‐up from a randomised, controlled, double‐blind, split‐mouth multicentre clinical trial. Patients with edentulous mandibles had received two implants in the interforaminal region (bone‐level, diameter 3.3 mm, microrough surface), one of TiZr (test) and one of Ti (control). Implant survival and success, plaque and sulcus bleeding indices, probing pocket depth, gingival margin, clinical attachment level and radiographic crestal bone levels were evaluated. Results: Fifty of 91 patients with implants were available for the 10‐year examination and 36 patients were valid for the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis. The implant success rate was calculated as 94.6% and 91.9% for the TiZr implants and the Ti implants respectively. Four implants were lost (TiZr = 1; Ti = 3) in the entire study period. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses estimated 10‐ year implant survival rate for TiZr to 98.9% and Ti 95.8%.The mean of total and functional crestal bone loss was 1.49 mm (±1.37 mm) and 0.82 mm (±1.09 mm) in the TiZr group and 1.56 mm (±1.34 mm) and 0.85 mm (±1.16 mm) in the Ti group. Conclusions: This split‐mouth design RCT on mandibular implant‐overdentures evidenced, bearing in mind its follow‐up time‐related reduced cohort size, high 10‐year implant success‐ and survival rates. These results confirm TiZr as well‐suited implant material for realising small‐diameter implants. Registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01878331. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Free gingival graft (FGG) has been successfully used in the treatment of gingival recessions, as it is the most predictable technique for increasing the attached gingiva. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) with FGG on root surface coverage as root surface biomodification. Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 32 surgical sites in 16 patients, they had 2 bilateral recessions in the incisor area of the same dental arch, the sample was divided into 2 groups randomly, and liquid PRF was applied in the first group with the FGG (experimental group), and in the second group the FGG was applied alone (control group). Gingival recession depth (RD) and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were measured before starting, after 1, 3, and 6 months. The percentage of root coverage (RC) was calculated after 6 months. Healing Index (HI) was recorded after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. Results: Both groups showed a reduction in gingival RD during all follow‐up periods but the difference between both groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) at 1 and 3 months, whereas there were significant differences at 6 months (p = 0.001). RC was better in the liquid PRF group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The postoperative 7th and 14th days HI scores of the liquid PRF group were significantly better than the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.004, respectively), whereas there were no significant differences in HI scores between both groups at first month (p > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, the addition of liquid PRF to the root surface with FGG showed further development in terms of decreasing RD, increasing WAG, and accelerated wound‐healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the risk of less than 2 mm keratinized mucosa (KM) width occurrence after free epithelialized graft (FEG) and keratinized mucosa shifting (KMS) procedures using survival analysis. In addition, KM dimensional changes were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This study included 76 implants in 36 patients with insufficient KM (<2 mm). The implants underwent either FEG or KMS procedures. The mid‐buccal KM width was measured from surgery to the end of a one 13‐year follow‐up period. Results: Mean follow‐up durations were 9.2 ± 3.9 years for FEG and 6.3 ± 4.2 years for KMS. Two implants in FEG and nine implants in KMS exhibited a KM width of less than 2 mm during follow‐up. The hazard ratios for KMS compared to FEG were 6.48 (crude) and 6.54 (adjusted), both statistically significant (p <.05). The incidence rate of KMS (4.06%) was higher than that of FEG (0.63%), with an average incidence time of 3.38 years for KMS and 8.82 years for FEG post‐surgery. FEG showed a significant shrinkage within 6 months (33% ± 22%), whereas KMS demonstrated a gradual decrease over 13 years (34% ± 25%). FEG exhibited significantly greater width change than KMS during a 5‐year follow‐up (p <.05). Conclusions: FEG and KMS enhanced PIKM but exhibited different long‐term reduction patterns. FEG demonstrated rapid shrinkage, while KMS displayed gradual and continuous reduction. Moreover, KMS presented a higher risk and incidence of KM width less than 2 mm compared to FEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the impact of implantoplasty (IP) on maximum implant failure strength of narrow diameter implants of different type/design and material, with simulated advanced bone loss. Materials and Methods: Narrow, parallel‐walled implants (3.3 mm in diameter × 10 mm long) with an internal connection of different type/design [bone level (BL), tissue level (TL)] and material [Titanium grade IV (Ti), Titanium‐Zirconium alloy (TiZr)] from one specific manufacturer were used. Half of the implants were subjected to IP in their coronal 5 mm; the remaining were used as controls (seven implants per group). Dynamic loading prior to maximum load strength testing was included. Results: During dynamic loading, the fracture rate of BL implants was low and independent of IP, while that of TL implants increased significantly with IP compared with controls (p =.001). Maximum implant failure strength reduction (in %) due to IP, was 1.3%–25.4%; TiZr BL implants were least affected. Implants subjected to IP compared to those without IP as well as TL implants compared to BL implants showed a significantly lower maximum implant failure strength (p <.002); implant material was not significant (p =.845). Conclusions: Based on data from implants of one specific manufacturer, IP has a significant negative impact on the fracture strength of narrow implants suffering from advanced peri‐implantitis. TL implants have been more severely affected compared to BL implants and presented an increased risk for failure during normal chewing forces. In addition, this negative impact of IP on TL implants was independent of the implant material (i.e., Ti or TiZr). Clinical Relevance: Narrow single TL implants with advanced horizontal bone loss (e.g., 5 mm), when subjected to IP, appear to have an increased fracture risk during normal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oral malignant infiltrations (OMI) are relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia/lymphoma. This study analysed the oral health status and OMI of individuals with leukemia/lymphoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis (2010–2021) of data from individuals seen at a specialized hospital‐based dental service in Brazil. Results: A total of 781 cases of leukemia/lymphoma were surveyed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (30.1%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 26.0%), and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (22.2%) were the most common diagnoses. The first (21.3%) and second (19.3%) decades of life were the most affected. Overall, dental caries (36.7%) and periodontal changes (34.6%) were the most frequent oral conditions. OMI occurred in 25 (3.2%) individuals. Lesions mainly involved the gingiva (80%) and patients diagnosed with AML (64%). Death (p < 0.001) and worse periodontal condition (p = 0.036) were more frequent among adults with OMI than among those without OMI. Death (p = 0.002) was more frequent among paediatric individuals with OMI than among those without OMI. When controlling for underlying disease, no association was observed between OMI and these outcomes. Conclusion: Oral status of individuals with leukemia, particularly those with acute leukemia or lymphoma, should be closely monitored since one or multiple conditions may occur, including OMI, which may influence disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive/alternative photo/mechanical and physical implant‐surface decontamination approaches compared to standard instrumentation in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of adjunctive or alternative photo/mechanical/physical measures for implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment without (PICOS 1) or with (PICOS 2) additional decontamination methods performed in test and control groups with changing inflammation parameters were covered. Changes in bleeding scores (i.e., bleeding index, or bleeding on probing [BOP]), suppuration, and probing depth (PD) were considered the primary outcomes. Results: Six articles describing five original RCTs were eligible for analysis. Based on two RCTs, the adjunctive/alternative use of air polishing with glycine or erythritol powder did not improve BOP reduction compared to standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). Based on one RCT, alternative use of titanium brushes resulted in significantly higher BOP reduction compared to either air polishing or standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). During reconstructive therapy and as an adjunct to implantoplasty, use of a titanium brush did not have any benefit on the BOP and mean PD reductions compared to the control group (i.e., implantoplasty + mechanical and chemical implant surface decontamination; one RCT; PICOS 2). Use of the Er:YAG laser resulted in significantly higher PD reduction after 6 months (one RCT), whereas no difference between the test and respective controls could be detected after 1 and 2 years (one RCT). Additionally, the use of the Er:YAG laser was not associated with improved BOP reductions over respective controls (two RCTs; PICOS 2). Conclusions: Owing to the limited available data, clinical efficacy of photo/mechanical and physical implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis therapy is inconclusive. However, titanium brushes may be beneficial in reducing signs of inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional wisdom states that genetic variation reduces disease levels in plant populations. Nevertheless, crop species have been subject to a gradual loss of genetic variation through selection for specific traits during breeding, thereby increasing their vulnerability to biotic stresses such as pathogens. We explored how genetic variation in Arabica coffee sites in southwestern Ethiopia was related to the incidence of four major fungal diseases. Sixty sites were selected along a gradient of management intensity, ranging from nearly wild to intensively managed coffee stands. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing of pooled leaf samples (pool‐GBS) derived from 16 individual coffee shrubs in each of the 60 sites to assess the variation in genetic composition (multivariate: reference allele frequency) and genetic diversity (univariate: mean expected heterozygosity) between sites. We found that genetic composition had a clear spatial pattern and that genetic diversity was higher in less managed sites. The incidence of the four fungal diseases was related to the genetic composition of the coffee stands, but in a specific way for each disease. In contrast, genetic diversity was only related to the within‐site variation of coffee berry disease, but not to the mean incidence of any of the four diseases across sites. Given that fungal diseases are major challenges of Arabica coffee in its native range, our findings that genetic composition of coffee sites impacted the major fungal diseases may serve as baseline information to study the molecular basis of disease resistance in coffee. Overall, our study illustrates the need to consider both host genetic composition and genetic diversity when investigating the genetic basis for variation in disease levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous progesterone in the periodontal environment of perimenopausal women. Methods: Either with or without periodontitis, 100 perimenopausal women received 3 months of progesterone treatment, as well as age‐matched 100 perimenopausal and 100 postmenopausal women without treatments were enrolled (N = 50). The gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and tooth mobility (TM), as well the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α were analyzed. Results: Periodontitis showed higher GI, PD, and CAL than non‐periodontitis at perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. In women without periodontitis, the GI and PD, and the GCF levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α were increased by 3 months of progesterone treatment, but recovered from the 6th month in the absence of progesterone. In women with periodontitis, only the PD was short‐termly increased by progesterone treatment. For those without progesterone treatment, the GI, PD, and TM were not significantly different between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women either with periodontitis or not. Conclusions: Exogenous progesterone short‐termly exacerbated the inflammation and PD in perimenopausal women without periodontitis, and the PD in those with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the vegetable form of common bean, and regarded as one of the most important and commonly consumed products in the world. In this study, 221 snap bean core accessions mostly from China were characterized the genetic diversity, gene pool identity, and relationships using 30 microsatellite markers, and concurrently evaluated for phenotype traits and phaseolin patterns. A total of 140 alleles were detected with an average of 4.67 per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.215 to 0.823, with an average of 0.488. Nei's genetic distances between accessions ranged from 0 to 0.9999, with an average of 0.6143. In those Chinese snap beans, structure analysis proved the existence of a high proportion of hybrid accessions except for identification of Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. Neighbor‐joining clustering and principal coordinate analysis based microsatellite markers were similar in explaining the extent of diversity with both revealed Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, which were divided into seven subgroups. Four of those subgroups, including one arising from introgression, were identified as belonging to the Andean gene pool, which likely represented Nueva Granada and Peru races. Other three subgroups were identified as belonging to the Mesoamerican gene pool, which likely represented the Mesoamerican race, owing to their close association with the control genotype. The diversity index of the qualitative traits was 0.80 to 1.88, with the average value of 1.20, while the diversity of the quantitative traits was ranked as 100‐seed weight (H′ = 1.98) > pod length (H′ = 1.90). Six principal components explained 69.13% of the total variation. Eight phaseolin patterns were identified in the 221 accessions. This study demonstrated the gene pool, as well as geographical, diversity of snap bean germplasms in China. The substantial diversity level is important for the utilization and conservation of snap bean, as well as future breeding programs. Core Ideas: The distinction in snap bean of China has blurred between Andean and Mesoamerican pools for obvious introgression.The combination of microsatellites, phaseolin, and phenotypic traits is effectively evaluated for genetic diversity.Phaseolin can separate two gene pools but not be well detected population structure and new variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many changes affecting the management of genetic diversity occurred following recommendations made by the National Research Council in the aftermath of the Southern Leaf Corn blight epidemic of 1970–1971. New maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs involving both publicly and privately funded collaborators were initiated. The number and scope of international maize breeding programs increased. Changes in germplasm usage included reduced usage of Lancaster Surecrop Oh43 and Mo17 types with increased use of Iodent. In contrast, continued and significant reliance upon Iowa Stiff‐Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) germplasm has persisted. The availability of exotic germplasm for potential use in U.S. maize breeding has increased. However, we could find no publicly available information confirming the recent deployment of exotic germplasm on U.S. farms. Estimated global dependence upon Corn Belt Dent (CBD) germplasm is highly skewed; four countries producing 55% of global maize are 84–88% reliant on CBD. The United States and China, which collectively contribute 46% of global maize production, are 92% dependent. Trends in global usage of CBD germplasm mirror those previously seen in the United States. Concerns about genetic vulnerability that were initially addressed by the U.S. National Research Council should now be considered on a global scale. Core Ideas: New maize programs were initiated in the United States during the 1980s to evaluate and make available exotic genetic diversity for further use in breeding and crop production.International breeding programs can facilitate the use and deployment of exotic germplasm.There is an absence of publicly available information showing deployment of "new" exotic maize germplasm on U.S. farms.Most global maize production is concentrated among a very few countries, primarily those with temperate climates, that collectively have a high dependence upon use of Corn Belt Dent (CBD) germplasm.Concerns about the genetic vulnerability of crop production should be addressed comprehensively, nationally, and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abelisaurids are medium–large‐sized theropod dinosaurs that were predominant in the carnivorous fauna during the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana. These predators are abundant in the Cretaceous fossil strata of Patagonia, which yield the best record for this group. In the Late Cretaceous, abelisaurids appear in almost all regions of Gondwana and in all stages, except for the Coniacian, in which they are globally unknown. Here we describe a new abelisaurid, Elemgasem nubilus gen. et sp. nov., from the Portezuelo Formation (Turonian–Coniacian), Patagonia, Argentina. The palaeohistology of the appendicular bones of Elemgasem shows that the holotype was a subadult individual, but had achieved sexual maturity. This taxon is based on several axial and appendicular elements, and is diagnosed by the presence of a marked pattern of rugosity on the lateral surface of the fibula and a dorsoventrally deep lateral wall of the calcaneum. Moreover, the posterior caudal vertebrae have a morphology slightly different from any other abelisaurid. Elemgasem nubilus is recovered as an unstable taxon within Brachyrostra, given that it was recovered as sister taxon of Furileusauria or in several positions within this clade. Despite the problematic phylogenetic relationships of Elemgasem nubilus, it is important because it is the first abelisaurid from the Turonian–Coniacian interval and it increases the diversity of this theropod family at a time of marked turnover in the tetrapod fauna of South America, global climate change, and mass extinction events recorded worldwide in the marine realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy of electrical equipment failure diagnosis and keep electrical equipment operating safely and efficiently, this paper proposes to design an electrical equipment failure diagnosis system based on a neural network, analyze the faults of electrical equipment and their causes, and establish knowledge base according to relevant data and expert judgment. The fault knowledge base was introduced into the neural network operation structure, and the fault diagnosis results were classified step by step through multiple subnetworks. In data preprocessing, in order to avoid the redundancy of primary fault information features, the principal component heuristic attribute reduction algorithm was used to select the fault data samples optimally. The neural network learning algorithm is used to calculate the forward direction and error rate of the initial error data, and the reliability function is used to optimize the initial weight threshold of the neural network, propagating the error backwards and high. Experimental results show that adding attribute reduction improves error classification performance, avoids the problem of local minima through neural network operation, and has fewer iteration steps, lower average error, and higher accuracy of fault diagnosis, reaching 95.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the 3‐year implant‐related outcomes following alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molar sockets. Material and methods: Thirty implants were placed in 26 patients following either ridge preservation (test, n = 16) or natural healing (control, n = 14) at deficient molar extraction sites after a 6‐month healing period. The need for additional augmentation procedures at implant placement was recorded. Patients were assessed for 3 years following a definitive restoration. Patient information being collected included modified plaque index, the modified sulcus bleeding index, the peri‐implant probing depth clinically, and alterations of marginal bone level (MBL) radiographically. Results: There was a 100% survival rate of implants in both groups after 3‐year follow‐up. During implant placement operation, 35.7% in the control group and 6.3% in the test group required additional augmentation procedures. No statistically significant differences were determined for peri‐implant parameters and marginal bone levels between the two groups. The overall mean difference of MBL was 0.072 mm (95% CI [−0.279, 0.423]) during the 3 years of follow‐up. The success rate was 81.2% in the test and 78.6% in the control group. Conclusions: Implants placed into periodontally compromised molar‐extracted sites after ridge augmentation resulted in comparable outcomes to implant placement at naturally healed sites after 3‐year functional loading. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR‐ONN‐16009433). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The association between peri-implant diseases and the periodontal, implant, and prosthesis characteristics has been characterized in various ways. Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between the peri-implant and periodontal status and the influence of implant and prosthesis parameters during implant follow-up. Materials and Methods. One hundred and seven patients with a total of 310 implants that had at least one year of function who were attending periodontal and implant maintenance at a university clinic setting were included in this cross-sectional study. The demographic, periodontal, peri-implant tissue, implant, and prosthesis parameters were recorded. A pocket depth > 4 mm with bleeding on probing defined periodontal/peri-implant soft tissue diseased sites. Analyses were performed at the patient and implant levels using univariable and multivariable mixed regression analysis. Results. The mean implant follow-up was 7.22 years. At the patient level, the bleeding on probing and pocket depth measurements were more pronounced around the implant than around the teeth. The opposite was observed for plaque and the clinical attachment levels. At the implant level, multivariable analysis showed that the periodontal and corresponding peri-implant tissue parameters, such as diseased sites, were closely related. The implant location, bone level, and number were selectively associated with the implant bone level, while cemented retention and emergence restoration profile influenced the implant pocket depth. Conclusions. The present study suggested that clinical peri-implant and periodontal soft tissue statuses were different, which could be a consequence of the initial implant and prosthesis healing process. However, during implant follow-up, the peri-implant parameters were predominantly associated with their corresponding periodontal parameters regardless of an association with the implant and prosthesis characteristics. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03841656. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate whether salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are increased in patients with oral cancer (OC) or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) when compared to a healthy control group (CG). Material and methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of specialized databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenGrey), including observational analytical studies evaluating the salivary LDH levels (in UI/L or μ/L) in OC or OPMD patients and compared them with a CG. Results: Thirteen case–control studies were included. A total of 755 patients were evaluated, including 303 OC cases, 149 OPMD cases, and 303 controls. The meta‐analysis showed that LDH levels were higher within the OC group than the CG (SMD 9.49; 95% CI 6.97–12; p =.00001). Patients with oral leucoplakia (SMD 11.67; 95% CI 1.01–22.33; p =.03) and oral submucous fibrosis (SMD 25.83; 95% CI −1.74–53.40; p =.07) also presented higher levels than the CG. In addition, OC patients had higher salivary LDH levels than oral leucoplakia patients (SMD 5.62; 95% CI 2.14–9.11; p =.002). Heterogeneity was high across all the evaluated studies. Conclusions: The determination of salivary LDH may be a useful method for screening and tracking OC and OPMD, but new protocolized studies are required to establish precise cutoff values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is the main aspect of new energy power generation, and it is an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. When the PV system is connected to the grid, the nonlinear load of the grid will affect the power quality and consume reactive power. This paper proposes a PV power generation grid-connected system to improve power quality, with an active power filter (APF) function. Through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, PV power generation can operate at the maximum power point and play the function of harmonic and reactive power compensation at the load side. To improve the dynamic performance of the grid-connected PV system and harmonic compensation simultaneously, multistep finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is adopted for the grid-connected module. The whole system does not need additional equipment, as it plays the role of two devices and effectively reduces the input cost. In this paper, the proposed structure and multistep FCS-MPC are verified in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the system injects the maximum power into the power grid at the same time when the load changes and compensates the harmonic generated by the nonlinear load of the power grid so that the total harmonic distortion of the power grid can meet the operation standard, and the system has good dynamic performance and steady-state performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Retrospectively evaluate the association of periodontal treatment outcomes and the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases around tissue‐level implants. Materials and Methods: Eighty‐six patients with 260 tissue‐level implants attending supporting periodontal and implant therapy for more than 3 years were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic periodontal and implant data were recorded at initial examination (T0), before implant placement (T1) and at final re‐examination (T2). Two definitions of peri‐implantitis severity, PIBE and PIKA, were used corresponding to the presence of periodontal pocket ≥5 mm or ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing or suppuration and radiographic signs of a bone level ≥2 mm, or ≥3 mm during implant follow‐up, respectively. Analyses were performed at patient level. Results: The mean implant follow‐up per patient was 9.4 years and 38.0% of patients had implant for at least 10 years. Two implants were lost due to peri‐implantitis. The prevalence of patients with PIKA and PIBE was 15.1% and 12.8%, respectively. Residual periodontal pockets, clinical attachment loss and bone loss/age at T2 were more pronounced in patients with PIKA and PIBE. Cox regression analysis adjusted with the number of implants per patient showed that residual pockets at T1 were independently associated with PIKA and PIBE. Initial diagnosis of severe periodontitis was associated with PIBE incidence. Conclusions: The present study showed that periodontal conditions before implant placement are a risk indicator for peri‐implantitis incidence. During implant follow‐up, the severity of periodontal status appeared to be a reliable indicator of patient susceptibility to peri‐implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of implant‐prosthetic rehabilitations in patients with a history of head–neck cancer (HNC), treated with tumor resection without (TR) or with adjuvant radiotherapy (TR/RT). A healthy cohort rehabilitated with the same reconstructive protocols served as control group (C). Materials and Methods: A total of 28 women and 29 men were considered in the present retrospective study. Participants received 322 implants, finally supporting 79 prosthetic reconstructions. Primary outcome was the assessment of implant and prosthetic survival rates. Furthermore peri‐implant soft tissue parameters (attached peri‐implant mucosa, AM; modified bleeding and plaque indices, mBI/mPI; probing depth, PD) and prosthetic technical complications were documented. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) by means of visual analog scales (VAS) and the Oral Health Impact Profile German 14 form (OHIP G14) were collected. For statistical purposes Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney‐U‐Test were adapted. Results: After a mean follow‐up of 81.2 ± 50.3 months, implant survival rate was 98.1% (HNC‐TR), 98.2% (HNC‐TR/RT) and 100.0% (C), respectively (four implants failed in the HNC groups). HNC‐TR/RT showed significant higher mPI and mBI compared to C. Within HNC‐TR/RT, vestibuloplasty significantly reduced mBI and PD values. No failures occurred at the prosthetic level. Overall, higher VAS scores were reported for bar‐ compared with Locator‐retained prostheses. Furthermore, increased OHIP G14 values resulted for HNC‐TR/RT. Conclusions: High survival rates on implant and prosthetic level were observed. The use of soft tissue grafts resulted in stabilization of the peri‐implant mucosa in irradiated patients. In terms of retention and chewing ability, participants preferred bars over Locator attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM fungus is a great producer of invertases in a growth medium supplemented by apple peels. The enzyme was purified 4.5 times after two chromatographic processes, and it presented a relative molecular mass of 89.2 kDa. The invertase reached maximum activity at pH of 6 and at 60°C, in addition to presenting stability in alkaline pH and thermal activation at 50°C. The enzymatic activity increased in the presence of Mn2+ and dithiothreitol (DTT), while Cu2+ and Z2+ ions inhibited it. Also, DTT showed to protect enzymatic activity. The apparent values for Km, Vmáx, and Kcat for the sucrose hydrolysis were, respectively, 173.8 mmol/L, 908.7 mmol/L min-1, and 1,388.79 s-1. The carbohydrate content was of 83.13%. The invertase presented hydrolytic activity over different types of glycosidic bonds, such as α1 ↔ 2β (sucrose), α1 → 4 (polygalacturonic acid), α1 → 4 and α1 → 2 (pectin), and α1 ↔ 1 (trehalose), indicating that the enzyme is multifunctional. Thus, the biochemical properties showed by the C. echinulata PA3S12MM suggest a broad industrial application, such as in the biomass hydrolysis or in the food industry. Practical applications: Invertases are hydrolytic enzymes employed in several industrial sectors. Given their great importance for the economy and several industrial sectors, there is a growing interest in microorganisms producing this enzyme. The analysis of the biochemical properties of invertase in C. echinulata PA3S12MM suggest applications in the food industry. Due to its increased hydrolytic activity, the hydrolysis process of the sucrose may employ invertase for the production of invert sugar. The stability at alkaline pH suggests an application in the development of enzymatic electrodes for the quantification of sucrose in food and beverage. The multifunctional activity may work in the biomass hydrolysis or saccharification of by-products for the extraction of fermentable sugars. The high level of invertase N-linked glycosylation of invertase grants this enzyme thermal stability at high temperatures, in addition to resistance against the action of proteases, which are desirable characteristics for the application of this enzyme in industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the dynamic changes of peri‐implant microbiome in patients with a history of periodontitis and to construct a microbial prediction model. Materials and methods: The prospective study was performed at one month (T1), one year (T2) and two years (T3) after restoration. Clinical examinations [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP)], radiographic examinations and sample collection were conducted at three timepoints. Peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected and analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify differences. Results: Totally, 168 subjects were assessed for eligibility. Twenty‐two patients were recruited in the longitudinal study. Eventually, 67 PISF samples from 24 implants of 12 patients were collected and analysed. Peri‐implant microbiome showed increasing diversity and complexity over time. Disease‐associated genera Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella dramatically increased from T1 to T3. The prediction model for clinical suppuration at T1 showed a high accuracy of 90%. Conclusion: The dysbiosis of peri‐implant microbiome increased with time during the two‐year observation in patients with a history of periodontitis. Genera of Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella were biomarkers of peri‐implant mucositis. Microbiota at the early stage could predict subsequent microbial dysbiosis and clinical suppuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beneficial effects of light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation have been reported in various pathologies, including cancer. However, its effect in pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that blue LED of 460 nm regulated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of apoptosis‐related factors, such as mutant p53 and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), and decreasing the expression of RAC‐β serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2), the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Blue LED irradiation also increased the levels of cleaved poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase‐3 in pancreatic cancer cells, while it suppressed AKT2 expression and inhibited tumor growth in xenograft tumor tissues. In conclusion, blue LED irradiation suppressed pancreatic cancer cell and tumor growth by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling. Our findings indicated that blue LEDs could be used as a nonpharmacological treatment for pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple extended Kalman Filter (EKF) controller for direct torque control (DTC) of a six-phase induction machine in all speed ranges is proposed. The aim of this paper is to decrease the execution time of EKF modeling of a six-phase induction motor. The proposed method is fast and can operate online. If the machine parameters are changed during the operation, the EKF algorithm is activated to find parameters used for controlling the motor. In low speed, not only the motor speed measurement but also the DTC of machine is difficult. The EKF model can estimate speed, flux, load torque, and stator resistance in low speed; thus, optimization can be performed in all loads and speed range. The proposed method increases the accuracy of DTC of the six-phase induction machine and decreases the computation cost of the system using the simplified algorithm. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method against parameter variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a rapid and sensitive thin‐layer chromatography combined with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy method was established for rapid detection of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on Au nanoparticle doped metal‐organic framework. Benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl were firstly separated by thin‐layer chromatography to solve the limitation of their overlapping Raman peaks. Then the target molecules were monitored by adding AuNPs/MIL‐101(Cr) on the sample spots. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl can be quantitatively measured in the range of 2.0‐20.0 and1.0‐15.0 μg/L, respectively with good linear relationship, and the limits of detection were 0.21 and 0.23 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was applied to analyze benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl in migration of different food contact materials. The recoveries of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl for migration of food contact materials, including paper cups, polypropylene food containers, and polyethylene glycol terephthalate bottles, were 80.6‐116.0 and 80.7‐118% with relative standard deviations of 1.1‐9.1 and 3.1‐9.9%, respectively. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection was performed conveniently in the on‐plate mode without additional elution process. The method shows great potential in rapid monitoring of hazardous substances with overlapping characteristic Raman peaks in food contact materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakebite envenoming causes up to 138,000 deaths and 400,000 permanently disabled victims worldwide every year. Flooding is one of the many factors that seems to influence the incidence of snakebite. The catastrophic floods from late 2018 in Kerala (India) were widely broadcast and are an example of how flooding events are related to the increased incidence of snakebite. This relationship has been mentioned regularly in scientific and grey literature, but usually quite scarcely in comparison to other topics linked to snakebite. Additionally, web media, mobile communications, and social media have started playing an important role not only in providing access to information on flooding-related snakebite events, but also in snakebite prevention at a larger scale. In order to better understand to what extent the relationship between snakebite incidence and flooding is reported and quantified and appraise the importance of mobile communications and social media in snakebite prevention and management, we performed multiple searches in generic (Google) and specialized (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) databases. We retrieved 68 scientific articles and 5 reports ranging from 1892 to 2018 mentioning or analyzing flooding and the increased incidence of snakebite. Additionally, we found 68 web media reports linking flooding and snakebite. This review indicates that the increase of snakebite incidence due to flooding has been repeatedly observed all over the world. This phenomenon could be exacerbated because of climate change, which is expected to increase the overall magnitude and frequency of flooding. However, it could also be mitigated by the role the Internet, mobile communications, and social media could play in snakebite prevention and human and animal rescue strategies during flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) to therapeutically correct the position of misaligned teeth, thus improving oral health and quality of life, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells within the periodontal ligament (PDL), which connects a tooth to its surrounding bone, are exposed to compressive and tensile strain. While it is known that PDL fibroblasts are critically involved in the biological regulation of OTM by a mechanotransductively triggered release of cytokines, it is unclear whether macrophages also react to pressure and tension in a similar manner thus impacting on or mediating OTM. RAW264.7 macrophages were seeded onto conventional 6-well cell culture plates for pressure or on Bioflex plates for tension assays and preincubated for 24 h. For in vitro simulation of physiological orthodontic compressive or tensile strain for 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h, glass discs (2 g/cm2) were placed or adherent macrophages isotropically stretched for 16%, respectively. We determined cell number, cytotoxicity, and gene/protein expression of Vegf-a/VEGF-A (macrophage-mediated angiogenesis), Mmp-8/9 (extracellular matrix reorganization), and Cox-2/PG-E2, Il-6/IL-6, and Tnf-α/TNF-α (proinflammatory mediators) by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Compressive but not tensile strain resulted in a significant reduction in cell number after only 2 h. Mmp-8 and Mmp-9 expression was significantly enhanced within 24 h of compressive and in part tensile strain. Significantly increased Vegf-a/VEGF-A expression was detected within 4 h of pressure, but not during application of tensile strain. Expression of proinflammatory mediators Cox-2/PG-E2, Il-6/IL-6, and Tnf-α/TNF-α was significantly increased as early as 2-4 h after application of compressive or tensile strain. Our results indicate that macrophages respond early on to compressive and tensile strain occurring during OTM with an enhanced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which could affect PDL fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and immune cells triggering or enhancing the biological mechanisms and osteoclastogenesis underlying OTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present experimental study focuses on the energy storage performance of Therminol 55-TiO2 nanofluids for the absorption of solar energy. Photothermal conversion efficiency is enhanced using Fresnel lens and secondary reflectors with a glass-type evacuated absorber tube. The focal length of the Fresnel lens is 150 mm, and that of the secondary reflector is 70 mm. The optical absorbance, extinction coefficient, and thermal conductivity of nanofluids at 100, 250, 350, and 500 ppm are reported. The optical path length of the energy storage medium is 1 cm. The optical performance of the nanofluids is analyzed in the range of 400 to 800 nm. Compared to base fluid, the prepared concentrations show higher absorbance in the measured range of wavelength. The optimum concentration is found to be 250 ppm, and its specific heat is measured in the temperature range of 27 to 117°C and is found to vary from 1.85 to 2.19 J/g °C. The thermal conductivity of the maximum concentration of nanofluid is 0.134 W/mK. The optical absorbance test confirms the stability of nanofluids. Maximum temperature and photothermal conversion efficiency are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]