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Wounded tuber tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Gloria) exposed to the monoterpene S-carvone did show neither suberization nor cambium layer formation, whereas these processes started after 2–4 days in control tissue. Suberized tissue was clearly visible 24 days after the start of the S-carvone treatment, when the concentrations of S-carvone and its bioconversion products in the tissue were almost zero and cambium layer formation had not yet started. The inhibition of wound healing coincided with a lack of induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34). The wounded potato tissue used as control, showed a transient induction of HMGR activity. In S-carvone treated tissue, the activities of GR (glutathione reductase, EC 1.6.4.2) and AP (ascorbate peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.11) were induced, and the level of glutathione increased four- to five-fold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Expression levels of four key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, lanosterol 14-demethylase (CYP51), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1), in metabolic syndrome model rats (SHR/NDmcr-cp) were examined.2. Decreased expression of CYP51, which may be linked to the development of obesity, was found in the rats.3. Expression of CYP8B1 was significantly higher in young rats.4. No substantial change was observed in the mRNA levels of the dominant rate-limiting enzymes of sterol metabolism, namely HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A1, in the rats.5. These findings suggest that the expression levels of two key enzymes managing the downstream parts of the cholesterol-metabolizing pathways are altered in the rats, although little change was observed in the expression levels of the dominant rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]