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Aims: Buprenorphine is effective at reducing relapse to opioid misuse, morbidity and mortality in opioid-dependent patients. Urine drug screening (UDS) to assess adherence is used routinely in opioid agonist treatment (OAT). The primary aim of this study was to determine factors which may be associated with a negative qualitative urine drug screen for buprenorphine in OAT patients., Methods: This prospective pilot study was conducted at a tertiary addiction medicine centre. Twenty participants on stable treatment underwent supervised administration of sublingual buprenorphine. Matched urine and blood samples were collected prior to and 2, 4 and 6 hours after buprenorphine administration. Qualitative urine drug screen results were obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while quantitative blood and urine results were obtained using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)., Results: Qualitative urine assay yielded a negative result for buprenorphine in 57% of tested samples. The median concentration of urinary buprenorphine was 167 mcg/L (range: 2-1730 mcg/L). Thirty percent of all blood samples did not detect buprenorphine (range 0-18 mcg/L). Positive qualitative urine drug screen results were associated with higher urine (343 mcg/L compared with 75 mcg/L; P < .05) and blood (4 mcg/L compared with 2 mcg/L; P < .05) buprenorphine concentrations. Median urine concentrations of buprenorphine were highest at 2 hours and were higher in participants receiving CYP3A4 inhibitors., Conclusion: Interpretation of qualitative urine drug screens to assess adherence in OAT is complex. Poor adherence with treatment cannot be assumed in patients returning a negative qualitative GC-MS urine drug screen., (© 2022 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Pharmacological Society.)

Increasing global life expectancy motivates investigations of molecular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases. This study examines age-associated changes in red blood cells (RBCs), the most numerous host cell in humans. Four cohorts, including healthy individuals and patients with sickle cell disease, were analyzed to define age-dependent changes in RBC metabolism. Over 15,700 specimens from 13,757 humans were examined, a major expansion over previous studies of RBCs in aging. Multi-omics approaches identified chronological age-related alterations in the arginine pathway with increased arginine utilization in RBCs from older individuals. These changes were consistent across healthy and sickle cell disease cohorts and were influenced by genetic variation, sex, and body mass index. Integrating multi-omics data and metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL) in humans and 525 diversity outbred mice functionally linked metabolism of arginine during RBC storage to increased vesiculation-a hallmark of RBC aging-and lower post-transfusion hemoglobin increments. Thus, arginine metabolism is a biomarker of RBC and organismal aging, suggesting potential new targets for addressing sequelae of aging., (© 2024 The Author(s). Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Cerebral vascular malformations (CVMs), particularly cerebral cavernous malformations and cerebral arteriovenous malformations, pose significant neurological challenges due to their complex etiologies and clinical implications. Traditionally viewed as congenital conditions with structural abnormalities, CVMs have been treated primarily through resection, embolization, and stereotactic radiosurgery. While these approaches offer some efficacy, they often pose risks to neurological integrity due to their invasive nature. Advances in next‐generation sequencing, particularly high‐depth whole‐exome sequencing and bioinformatics, have facilitated the identification of gene variants from neurosurgically resected CVMs samples. These advancements have deepened our understanding of CVM pathogenesis. Somatic mutations in key mechanistic pathways have been identified as causative factors, leading to a paradigm shift in CVM treatment. Additionally, recent progress in noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques, including gene imaging genomics, liquid biopsy, or endovascular biopsies (endovascular sampling of blood vessel lumens), has enabled the identification of gene variants associated with CVMs. These methods, in conjunction with clinical data, offer potential for early detection, dynamic monitoring, and targeted therapies that could be used as monotherapy or adjuncts to surgery. This review highlights advancements in CVM pathogenesis and precision therapies, outlining the future potential of precision medicine in CVM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations of KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4 are the four major driver genes for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), of which mutations of KRAS and TP53 are the most frequently recognized. However, molecular‐targeted therapies for mutations of KRAS and TP53 have not yet been developed. To identify novel molecular targets, we newly established organoids with the Kras mutation (KrasmuOR) and Trp53 loss of function using Cre transduction and CRISPR/Cas9 (Krasmu/p53muOR) from murine epithelia of the pancreatic duct in KrasLSL‐G12D mice, and then analyzed the proteomic and metabolomic profiles in both organoids by mass spectrometry. Hyperfunction of the glycolysis pathway was recognized in Krasmu/p53muOR compared with KrasmuOR. Loss of function of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), which is involved in glycolysis, induced a reduction of cell proliferation in human PDAC cell lines with the TP53 mutation, but not in PDAC or in human fibroblasts without TP53 mutation. The TP53 mutation is clinically recognized in 70% of patients with PDAC. In the present study, protein expression of TPI1 and nuclear accumulation of p53 were recognized in the same patients with PDAC. TPI1 is a potential candidate therapeutic target for PDAC with the TP53 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nursing education sector has felt the impact of the shortage of nursing clinical instructors (CI) or faculty members. This phenomenon became more profound with the pandemic experience along with the global shortage of nurses in the hospitals. Objective: The study was conducted to explore the lived experiences on learning among undergraduate nursing students in a higher education institution amidst the nursing faculty shortage. Methods: The study was undertaken using a descriptive phenomenological design with seven informants, using Colaizzi's approach for data analysis. Findings: The findings of the study generated three main themes: disruptions in the learning process and platforms, responses to learning disruptions, and learners' call to action. It uncovered substantial disruptions in scheduled lectures, activities, and clinical rotations due to the nursing faculty shortage. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical need for immediate and comprehensive measures to address the nursing faculty shortage. Despite compensatory efforts by the institution, the impact on learning experience remains significant. This study calls for prompt and effective strategies to rectify the nursing faculty shortage, ensuring optimal learning experiences for student nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocimum tenuiflorum, commonly known as Tulsi, is revered in Ayurveda for its extensive medicinal properties. However, there is a need to consolidate current knowledge on its phytochemical constituents and their pharmacological activities to identify potential areas for further research and drug development. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the bioactive secondary metabolites found in O. tenuiflorum, such as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, luteolin, ursolic acid, and limonene, and their associated therapeutic effects. The review will highlight the pharmacological importance of these metabolites, which exhibit antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, this study will explore the plant's wide range of beneficial qualities, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinergic, pain‐relieving, antimicrobial, stress‐reducing, antidiabetic, anticancer, liver‐protective, ulcer‐inhibiting, antifungal, and wound‐healing attributes. Furthermore, this review focuses on the plant's potential in treating conditions such as asthma, persistent fever, tuberculosis, malaria, skin discoloration, itching, digestive issues, hemorrhoids, bone fractures, gout, urinary tract infection, and diabetes. By reviewing the current literature, the aim is to identify the gaps in the existing research and propose directions for future studies. This comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the development and investigation of novel drugs derived from O. tenuiflorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In parallel to the legalization of cannabis for both medicinal and recreational purposes, cannabinoid use has steadily increased over the last decade in the United States. Cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol and anandamide, bind to the central cannabinoid‐1 (CB1) receptor to impact several physiological processes relevant for body weight regulation, including appetite and energy expenditure. The hypothalamus integrates peripheral signals related to energy balance, houses several nuclei that orchestrate eating, and expresses the CB1 receptor. Herein we review literature to date concerning cannabinergic action in the hypothalamus with a specific focus on eating behaviors. We highlight hypothalamic areas wherein researchers have focused their attention, including the lateral, arcuate, paraventricular, and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and interactions with the hormone leptin. This review serves as a comprehensive analysis of what is known about cannabinoid signaling in the hypothalamus, highlights gaps in the literature, and suggests future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: COVID‐19 patients might be admitted to the hospital based on their clinical manifestations or to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to the severity of their symptoms or critical situation. Our main objective was to investigate clinical and demographic factors influencing COVID‐19 patients' admission to the ICU and length of stay (LOS) using extracted data from the hospital information systems in Iran. Methods: The data of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were retrieved from the health information system of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran between March 2020 and February 2022. The primary outcome was the ICU admission, and the secondary outcome was the LOS. The correlation analysis between laboratory findings and demographic data with ICU admission and LOS was done using SPSS 21.0, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of all the 4156 patients, 2391 (57.5%) were male and the mean age was 58.69 ± 8.19 years. Of these, 9.5% of patients were admitted to ICU at any time point during their hospital stay. Age and laboratory variables such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), ALT (U/L), albumin (g/dL), plasma glucose (mg/dL), ferritin levels (ng/mL), and phosphorous levels (mg/dL) shown the significant relationship with ICU admission. Also, being a smoker and having hypoxemia had a significant relationship with longer stays in the hospital. In this study, we validated a cut‐off value of 4.819 for NLR, calculated at hospitalization, as a useful predictor of disease progression and occurrence of serious clinical outcomes, such as ICU admission. Conclusion: The study examined various clinical factors associated with ICU admission in COVID‐19 patients. The findings suggest that certain factors can increase the risk of ICU admission and influence the length of hospital stay which should be focused in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weightlifting requires explosive strength, high speed, and flexibility. The aim of this research is to present a method based on barbell trajectory and on an anthropometric model comprised of six links for dynamic analysis and optimization of snatch lift. First, snatch lift is divided into nine stages based on barbell trajectory, velocity, and acceleration, while evaluating dynamic characteristics. Then, an anthropometric model of weightlifter which is comprised of six segments: shin, thigh, trunk, upper arm, forearm, and head is developed. Since the head accounts for more or less than 10% of body weight, it should be considered as one link of one degree of freedom. Physical properties such as mass and center of mass of each link are not given by statistical data, but by anthropometry and calculation in Solidworks program. Finally, for barbell trajectory as one of the most important performance indices in weightlifting, an optimal control problem is formulated to minimize a criterion function defined as the sum of work done by lifter during snatch lift and solved by using Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP). The proposed method is illustrated with case study, showing results in good agreement with ones by analysis of lifter's actual performances. It can help coach or weightlifter to improve the snatch technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the final year nursing students' experiences of pursuing competency in nursing amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design and Methods. An explanatory descriptive qualitative design study was conducted between May and June 2021. Data were collected by conducting in‐depth semistructured online (Zoom) interviews using a pilot‐tested interview guide. A digital platform (Zoom) was applied for online individual interviews. The participants were 23 final‐year nursing students. Findings. The results of the study revealed three main themes: (1) missed learning opportunities, (2) future concerns, and (3) communication difficulties. Nursing students' experiences were mainly negative with a specific focus on missed learning opportunities, concerns about their future role in the profession, and questioning their skills from communication skills to competency. Practice Implications. The study results underline the concerns of nursing students who were students during the COVID‐19 outbreak, in particular about their competency. Due to COVID‐19, nursing students had to take some of their clinical placements online, which in turn interrupted the students' professional transition process. The results of this study are important in increasing nursing students' competencies by providing a deeper understanding of their experiences and planning practices to ensure an uninterrupted transition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butyrate‐producing bacteria are found in many outdoor ecosystems and host organisms, including humans, and are vital to ecosystem functionality and human health. These bacteria ferment organic matter, producing the short‐chain fatty acid butyrate. However, the macroecological influences on their biogeographical distribution remain poorly resolved. Here we aimed to characterise their global distribution together with key explanatory climatic, geographical and physicochemical variables. We developed new normalised butyrate production capacity (BPC) indices derived from global metagenomic (n = 13,078) and Australia‐wide soil 16S rRNA (n = 1331) data, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and modelling techniques to detail their ecological and biogeographical associations. The highest median BPC scores were found in anoxic and fermentative environments, including the human (BPC = 2.99) and non‐human animal gut (BPC = 2.91), and in some plant–soil systems (BPC = 2.33). Within plant–soil systems, roots (BPC = 2.50) and rhizospheres (BPC = 2.34) had the highest median BPC scores. Among soil samples, geographical and climatic variables had the strongest overall effects on BPC scores (variable importance score range = 0.30–0.03), with human population density also making a notable contribution (variable importance score = 0.20). Higher BPC scores were in soils from seasonally productive sandy rangelands, temperate rural residential areas and sites with moderate‐to‐high soil iron concentrations. Abundances of butyrate‐producing bacteria in outdoor soils followed complex ecological patterns influenced by geography, climate, soil chemistry and hydrological fluctuations. These new macroecological insights further our understanding of the ecological patterns of outdoor butyrate‐producing bacteria, with implications for emerging microbially focused ecological and human health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: The sheath‐in‐sheath technique, utilizing a 15Fr cryoballoon delivery sheath inserted into a 25 cm 16Fr sheath, effectively navigates tortuous iliac veins during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation, ensuring safe delivery and maintaining essential device performance without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The mental well‐being of university students is a primary public health concern worldwide, including in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the overall mental health status among Bangladeshi university students. The study used larger and more diverse sample compared to previous studies, and also explored factors associated with the mental health well‐being of those students. Methods: Data were collected through an online questionnaire, utilizing the proportional allocation method, from students in various universities across Bangladesh. The sample included 2036 participants. The study applied Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) using the GHQ2+ threshold (i.e., having more than two symptoms). A binary outcome variable was created with two levels: "good mental health" and "poor mental health," to assess the mental health status of the university students. The explanatory variables were age, gender, academic year, type of university, and sources of personal expenses. Exploratory data analysis, association tests, and binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing the outcome variable. Results: A total of 55.9% of students (male: 52.6% and female: 62.8%) exhibited poor mental health status. Female students' mental health was found to be worse (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.81) compared to that of males. Similarly, public university students displayed a worse mental health condition than their counterparts in private universities (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61). Conclusion: The overall mental health of university students in Bangladesh is concerning. There is a pressing need for effective mental health policies and interventions to bolster the mental well‐being of university students, with a specific focus on students from public universities and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify the coping strategies and social support received by nursing students during clinical practice. Design: Scoping review. Methods: Primary studies on coping strategies and social support, in full text, in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese and published in 2018 or later were included. Search was carried out in January 2023 on EBSCOhost, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, OpenAIRE, MedNar Search, WorldWideScience and the references of previously selected articles. Results: A total of 24 studies were identified. Seven studies mentioned social support as a useful strategy and several instruments were identified that allow measurement. Conclusions: Few studies establish a direct relationship between the effectiveness of coping strategies with stressful situations. Positive coping strategies are associated with effective stress management. The relationship between social support and stress reduction is scarcely addressed. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Stressful situations can have an impact on students' health and on the quality of care. Nursing schools and healthcare institutions must work together in programmes to improve students coping abilities. Impact: This review addressed coping strategies used by nursing students during clinical practice. A set of relevant coping strategies were identified that can be used by teachers to improve students' outcomes. Reporting Method: The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed to explore and describe the barriers affecting Registered Nurses in undertaking clinical teaching in clinical settings. The exploration was based on the experiences of Registered Nurses at a selected teaching hospital in Namibia. The researcher intended to identify strategies that could be used to mitigate the negative effects of barriers to effective clinical teaching. Design: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to select 16 participants. Data were collected through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, which were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Clinical teaching is negatively affected by several barriers that hamper clinical teaching and nursing students' learning outcomes. Seven main themes were identified: (1) participants' understanding of clinical teaching; (2) organizational barriers; (3) patient barriers; (4) Registered Nurse barriers; (5) student barriers; (6) training institution barriers; and (7) strategies to mitigate barriers to clinical teaching. Conclusion: The findings revealed that several barriers negatively affect clinical nursing education and hamper the clinical teaching and learning of nursing students. Patient or Public Contribution: This study may assist in the development of targeted interventions that address the barriers that hinder clinical teaching at teaching hospitals. Additionally, this study could assist in improving the health care that is provided by nursing students to patients. The findings may assist with improved quality by reducing nursing students' theory‐practice gap and by promoting collaboration between Registered Nurses and nurse educators in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the correlation between computed tomography (CT) radiomic characteristics and key genes for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The region of interest was annotated at the edge of the primary tumor on enhanced CT images from 140 patients with OSCC and obtained radiomic features. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed on pathological sections from 20 patients. the DESeq software package was used to compare differential gene expression between groups. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was used to construct co‐expressed gene modules, and the KEGG and GO databases were used for pathway enrichment analysis of key gene modules. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between key genes of enriched pathways and radiomic features. Results: Four hundred and eighty radiomic features were extracted from enhanced CT images of 140 patients; seven of these correlated significantly with cervical LNM in OSCC (p < 0.01). A total of 3527 differentially expressed RNAs were screened from RNA sequencing data of 20 cases. original_glrlm_RunVariance showed significant positive correlation with most long noncoding RNAs. Conclusions: OSCC cervical LNM is related to the salivary hair bump signaling pathway and biological process. Original_glrlm_RunVariance correlated with LNM and most differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the quality of nursing clinical placement among nursing students. Design: This is a descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods: Two hundred eighty two nursing student completed self‐administered, online questionnaires. The questionnaire assessed participants' socio‐demographic data, and the quality of their clinical placement. Results: The students had a high mean score for the overall satisfaction of their clinical training placement with high mean score for the item of "patient safety was fundamental to the work of the units" and the item of "I anticipate being able to apply my learning from this placement," while the lowest mean score was related to "This placement was a good learning environment" and "Staff were willing to work with students." Patient or Public Contribution: Quality of clinical placement is critical for improving the everyday quality of care for patients who are in desperate need of caregivers with professional knowledge and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: We report two, genotypically identical but phenotypically distinct cases of Schaaf‐Yang syndrome and propose the early use of Genome Sequencing in patients with nonspecific presentations to facilitate the early diagnosis of children with rare genetic diseases and improve overall health care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are always at risk of experiencing occupational needle stick injuries (NSIs). The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSIs among Iranian HCWs in military hospitals in Tehran. Design: This cross‐sectional study was conducted in four military hospitals in the summer of 2019 in Tehran. Method: By Census, 802 HCWs were included. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of vaccination history, safety equipment, use of safety box, history of NSIs and demographic variables. The logistics regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance level was set at 5%. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23. Results: A total of 203 (25.3%, CI: 22.3–28.4) of the participants reported a history of NSIs at least once during the past year. Single HCWs had a higher risk of NSIs compared to married HCWs (OR: 1.59, 95% CI (1.09, 2.30)). Also, the night shift working (OR: 1.91, 95% CI (1.18, 3.12)), higher educational degree (OR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.21, 4.20)), working overtime (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.12)), older age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)) and needle recapping (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: (1.98, 4.22)) were identified as significant associated factors. The study draws attention to a relatively high prevalence of NSIs as well as high‐risk activities among military HCWs. The primary source of NSIs is needle recapping. Measures such as setting up training courses for the military HCWs are needed to be planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important mediator of the pro‐aging process in chronic kidney disease, which is continuously increasing worldwide. Although PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) regulates mitochondrial function, its role in renal aging remains unclear. We investigated the association between PINK1 and renal aging, especially through the cGAS‐STING pathway, which is known to result in an inflammatory phenotype. Pink1 knockout (Pink1−/−) C57BL/6 mice and senescence‐induced renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC‐8) treated with H2O2 were used as the renal aging models. Extensive analyses at transcriptomic‐metabolic levels have explored changes in mitochondrial function in PINK1 deficiency. To investigate whether PINK1 deficiency affects renal aging through the cGAS‐STING pathway, we explored their expression levels in PINK1 knockout mice and senescence‐induced HKC‐8 cells. PINK1 deficiency enhances kidney fibrosis and tubular injury, and increases senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These phenomena were most apparent in the 24‐month‐old Pink1−/− mice and HKC‐8 cells treated with PINK1 siRNA and H2O2. Gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing showed that PINK1 deficiency is associated with increased inflammatory responses, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggested that PINK1 deficiency is related to mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation. Activation of cGAS‐STING was prominent in the 24‐month‐old Pink1−/− mice. The expression of SASPs was most noticeable in senescence‐induced HKC‐8 cells and was attenuated by the STING inhibitor, H151. PINK1 is associated with renal aging, and mitochondrial dysregulation by PINK1 deficiency might stimulate the cGAS‐STING pathway, eventually leading to senescence‐related inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing knitted fabric simulation methods cannot be effectively applied to three-dimensional (3D) modeling and simulation of weft knitted garments due to the lack of simple and convenient 3D dynamic simulation models for weft knitted fabrics. This paper presents a method of constructing a loop model by coupling the grid model with the spring mass model. The simulation of weft knitted fabric with real effects was achieved through the coupled model construction of the loop model combined with the yarn simulation generation algorithm and yarn collision response algorithm. The method presented in this paper can quickly and simply simulate the design of weft knitted clothing with loop structure. It provides a reference for the 3D simulation design of weft knitted fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an H2‐optimal model order reduction (MOR) method for bilinear systems based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. In this method, to reduce the computational complexity, at first, a reduced middle‐order approximation of the system is derived based on common bilinear MOR methods. Next, the H2 norm of the error system is minimized to obtain the reduced‐order bilinear model. Generalized Lyapunov equations are added to the optimization problem as LMI constraints to guarantee the specification of type II Gramians of the bilinear system to improve accuracy. Besides, two stability conditions are included to the optimization problem as its constraints to preserve stability of reduced‐order bilinear model. One of advantages of the proposed method is the need for only one of the Gramians of controllability or observability. Since the proposed H2‐optimal MOR problem is a polynomial matrix inequality (PMI) problem, an iterative method is used to convert the PMI to the LMI problems and solve the optimization problem. Three bilinear test systems are considered to show the proposed method's efficiency, while its performance is compared with some classical methods. Results show that the proposed methods lead to a more accurate reduced‐order model than other MOR methods. An H2‐optimal model‐order‐reduction (MOR) method proposed for bilinear systems. The H2 norm of the error system minimized for this purpose. Some linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints added to guarantee the specification of the bilinear system Gramians. Since, proposed H2‐optimal MOR‐problem is a polynomial matrix inequality (PMI) problem, an iterative method proposed to convert the PMI to LMI‐problem and solve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) require less formalized project management methods than large corporations. However, project management can play a significant role in implementing innovations. Even though lean-agile project management offices (LAPMO) are becoming increasingly important for SMEs, each company's performance varies significantly due to varying innovative capabilities and the dynamism of internal and external contexts. Based on a literature study, innovative capabilities, and LAPMO, we have developed a theoretical model with 11 assumption models. As a follow-up, we conducted empirical research, including critical variable metrics, data collection and analyses, validity tests, reliability tests, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. The model developed in this study considers the many roles that innovation capacity and project agility play in enhancing corporate performance. LAPMO mediates the relationship between innovation and performance in small and medium-sized businesses. Organizational innovation, open innovation, and innovation capabilities affect companies' performance. In small and medium businesses, they also affect LAPMO. For small and medium-sized businesses, LAPMO mediates the relationship between organizational innovation, open innovation, and innovation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess viral clearance, pharmacokinetics, tolerability and symptom evolution following ensovibep administration in symptomatic COVID‐19 outpatients. Methods: In this open‐label, first‐in‐patient study a single dose of either 225 mg (n = 6) or 600 mg (n = 6) of ensovibep was administered intravenously in outpatients with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 symptoms. Pharmacokinetic profiles were determined (90‐day period). Pharmacodynamic assessments consisted of viral load (qPCR and cultures) and symptom questionnaires. Immunogenicity against ensovibep and SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralizing activity were determined. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout a 13‐week follow‐up. Results: Both doses showed similar pharmacokinetics (first‐order) with mean half‐lives of 14 (SD 5.0) and 13 days (SD 5.7) for the 225‐ and 600‐mg groups, respectively. Pharmacologically relevant serum concentrations were maintained in all subjects for at least 2 weeks postdose, regardless of possible immunogenicity against ensovibep. Viral load changes from baseline at day 15 were 5.1 (SD 0.86) and 5.3 (SD 2.2) log10 copies/mL for the 225‐ and 600‐mg doses, respectively. COVID‐19 symptom scores decreased from 10.0 (SD 4.1) and 11.3 (SD 4.0) to 1.6 (SD 3.1) and 3.3 (SD 2.4) in the first week for the 225‐ and 600‐mg groups, respectively. No anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing activity was present predose and all patients had SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies at day 91. Adverse events were of mild‐to‐moderate severity, transient and self‐limiting. Conclusion: Single‐dose intravenous administration of 225 or 600 mg of ensovibep appeared safe and well tolerated in patients with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. Ensovibep showed favourable pharmacokinetics in patients and the pharmacodynamic results warrant further research in a larger phase 2/3 randomized‐controlled trail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Legislation of cannabis use has been approved in many European and North American countries. Its impact on urological cancers is unclear. This study was conducted to explore the association between cannabis use and the risk of urological cancers. Methods: We identified 151,945 individuals with information on cannabis use in the UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010. Crude and age‐standardized incidence ratios of different urological cancers were evaluated in the entire cohort and subgroups. Cox regression was performed for survival analysis. Results: Previous use of cannabis was a significant protective factor for renal cell carcinoma (HR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.40–0.93, p = 0.021) and prostate cancer (HR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.73–0.93, p = 0.002) in multivariable analysis. The association between previous cannabis use and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only observed in females (HRRCC = 0.42, 95%CI:0.19–0.94, p = 0.034; HRBCa = 0.43, 95%CI:0.21–0.86, p = 0.018) but not in men. There was no significant association between cannabis use and testicular cancer incidence. Mendelian randomization demonstrated a potential causal effect of cannabis use on a lower incidence of renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Previous use of cannabis was associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer. The inverse association between cannabis and both renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer was only found in females but not in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims at exploring Saudi newly graduated nurses' perspectives on the facilitators and barriers for successful transition from being a student to being a nurse. Design: A phenomenological qualitative methodology was employed. Methods: Focus group discussions were carried out among 35 Saudi nurses at one major university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Results: Under the theme of barriers to transition three main subthemes emerged, namely "Fear of making medical errors," "Intense Workload and Expectations," "Bullying and lack of support," while under the facilitators of transition the subthemes which emerged were "Supportive preceptor," "Training workshops," "Need for transition programs." This research found that formal and informal techniques for strengthening institutional variables and improving individual factors are critical for new graduate nurses' effective transition into professional responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and idarubicin‐loaded drug‐eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (IDADEB‐TACE) in primary advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: This retrospective study included patients with primary advanced HCC who received either lenvatinib monotherapy or lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE as first‐line treatment from September 2019 to September 2020 at three institutes. Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events were compared. Propensity score‐matching was used to reduce the influence of confounding factors on the outcomes. Results: The study reviewed 118 patients who received lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE (LIDA group) and 182 who received lenvatinib alone (LEN group). After propensity score‐matching, 78 pairs of patients remained. Compared to patients in the LEN group, those in the LIDA group had better post‐treatment ORR (57.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001, respectively), median OS and TTP (15.7 vs. 11.3 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, p < 0.001; 8.0 vs. 5.0 months, HR = 0.60, p = 0.003, respectively), 6‐ and 12‐month OS rates (88.5% vs. 71.4%; 67.6% vs. 43.4%, respectively), and progression‐free rates at 6 and 12 months (60.3% vs. 42.3%; 21.1% vs. 10.3%, respectively). Vascular invasion, α‐fetoprotein level, and treatment type were independent OS predictors, and vascular invasion and treatment type were independent TTP predictors. Incidences of nausea/vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and increased ALT/AST were higher in the LIDA group than in the LEN group. Conclusions: Lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE is well‐tolerated and more effective than lenvatinib monotherapy in patients with advanced HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and utilization is critically important for animal development. How these processes are regulated in space and time during tissue growth remains largely unclear. We used a FRET‐based sensor to dynamically monitor ATP levels across a growing tissue, using the Drosophila larval wing disc. Although steady‐state levels of ATP are spatially uniform across the wing pouch, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation reveals spatial differences in metabolic behavior, whereby signaling centers at compartment boundaries produce more ATP from glycolysis than the rest of the tissue. Genetic perturbations indicate that the conserved Hedgehog signaling pathway can enhance ATP production by glycolysis. Collectively, our work suggests the existence of a homeostatic feedback loop between Hh signaling and glycolysis, advancing our understanding of the connection between conserved developmental patterning genes and ATP production during animal tissue development. Synopsis: Morphogen signaling in the developing Drosophila wing can promote adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production from glycolysis upon loss of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos).An ATP FRET sensor reveals regional differences in energy metabolism across the wing pouch upon treatment with inhibitors of OxPhos and glycolysis.Regions of high morphogen signaling near compartment boundaries produce more ATP from glycolysis than the rest of the wing pouch, resulting in slower decline of ATP upon OxPhos inhibition.Genetic perturbations indicate that Hh signaling promotes glycolytic ATP production under energy stress.Enhancement of glycolytic ATP production by Hh signaling could preserve important morphogen signaling centers during brief periods of physiologically relevant energy stress, including hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the He-Laplace algorithm is extended to generalized third order, time-fractional, Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) models. In this algorithm, the Laplace transform is hybrid with homotopy perturbation and extended to highly nonlinear fractional KdVs, including potential and Burgers KdV models. Time-fractional derivatives are taken in Caputo sense throughout the manuscript. Convergence and error estimation are confirmed theoretically as well as numerically for the current model. Numerical convergence and error analysis is also performed by computing residual errors in the entire fractional domain. Graphical illustrations show the effect of fractional parameter on the solution as 2D and 3D plots. Analysis reveals that the He-Laplace algorithm is an efficient approach for time-fractional models and can be used for other families of equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The clinical learning environment has been defined as "an interactive network of strengths within the clinical environment that influence the clinical learning outcomes of students. Understanding students' level of satisfaction with their clinical learning environment is crucial to ensuring the required teaching and learning process. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the level of satisfaction with the CLE among nursing students at the Wolkite University of Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolkite University. This study was carried out in March 2022 on 208 student nurses selected by purposive and convenient sampling techniques. This study used the English version of the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision + Nurse Teacher (CLES + T) evaluation scale. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data 3.1, and then, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the satisfaction level of nursing students towards CLE. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and p values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results. More than half of the study participants were females, and nearly half (50.5%) of the participants were in year three of the nursing program. The study found that 39.9% (95%CI: 32.2%, 46.6%) of students were satisfied with their CLE. Factors that had a significant association with the satisfaction level of nursing students towards CLE were gender (female students) (AOR = 16.053 (6.397, 40.286)), year of study (4th year) (AOR = 6.296 (2.679, 14.796)), and the type of the hospital in which their last clinical placement was held (at a primary hospital) (AOR = 2.961 (1.122, 7.815)). Conclusion. Effective nursing education programs need to be developed to increase satisfaction with clinical practice and to promote positive emotional regulation in nursing students. Nurse practitioners and managers should be aware of their important role in the professional development of students and their satisfaction with clinical placements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the bubble size variation under various aqueous conditions, including saline and surfactant solutions, with different gas injection rates using a commercial bubble analyzer. The results show that salt and surfactant can minimize bubble size with increasing solute concentration, and the surfactant outperforms salt. In addition, the critical coalescence concentrations (CCC) of salt and surfactant could be determined at 20 g/l and 20 mg/l, respectively, over which bubble mean size cannot be further reduced. On the other hand, the gas injection rate, compared to the solute concentration, has minor effects on bubble size variation. Nonetheless, there is a critical coalescence injection rate (CCIR) of 30 ml/min for surfactant solution, over which the standard deviation of the bubble size distribution (BSD) cannot be further increased. In principle, this work improves the accuracy and efficiency of the bubble analyzer. It also presents a sound understanding of two influential factors rather than a single-factor controlling bubble size. Most importantly, it is the first time to observe and propose the concept of CCIR to describe how the gas injection rate influences the standard deviation of BSD. Based on those results and findings, it is able to conclude that bubble size control, whose mechanism has been previously identified as the bubble collision and coalescence rather than the surface tension of water solutions, is actually dominated by not only the solute concentration but also the gas injection rate when a porous air sparger is used to generate bubbles. It is expected that this work could contribute to laboratory modeling bubbly flow in a porous medium in order to bring more insights into the mechanism of soil gas leaking through soil strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury. Clinical consequences include loss of vertebral height, kyphotic deformity, altered stance, back pain, reduced mobility, reduced abdominal space, and reduced thoracic space, as well as early mortality. To restore vertebral mechanical stability, overall spine function, and patient quality of life, the original percutaneous surgical intervention has been vertebroplasty, whereby bone cement is injected into the affected vertebra. Because vertebroplasty cannot fully restore vertebral height, newer surgical techniques have been developed, such as kyphoplasty, stents, jacks, coils, and cubes. But, relatively few studies have experimentally assessed the biomechanical performance of these newer procedures. This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving a number of recommendations for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Clinical teaching and learning are critical in bridging the theory-practice gap in nursing education. This study aimed at exploring nursing students' perception of clinical teaching and learning in Ghana. In particular, this study sought to (1) describe the factors that promote clinical teaching, (2) examine students' perception of clinical teaching, (3) describe the impact of clinical learning on students, and (4) explore ways of improving clinical teaching and learning. Methods. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 16 final-year nursing students using telephone-based interviews. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with a semistructured interview guide, and data were analysed by the qualitative thematic analysis. Results. The findings indicate that being taught new things, being supervised, and having autonomy were the most significant factors that promoted clinical learning. Participants also reported that clinical experience created learning opportunities that helped develop clinical competence. They described learning experiences in the clinical setting as good, albeit gaps in practice. Poor staff attitude, lack of equipment, poor student attitude, inadequate learning opportunities, and lack of clinical supervisors were perceived as challenges in the clinical environment. Conclusions. Efforts to consciously teach, supervise, and challenge students to have independence in the clinical area will promote clinical teaching and learning. Therefore, nursing educational institutions and all other stakeholders need to collaborate in eliminating the numerous challenges students encounter in the clinical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical information on molecular subtypes and the Ki67 index is critical for breast cancer (BC) prognosis and personalised treatment plan. Extracting such information into structured data is essential for research, auditing, and cancer incidence reporting and underpins the potential for automated decision support. Herewith, we developed a rule-based natural language processing algorithm that retrieved and extracted important BC parameters from free-text pathology reports towards exploring molecular subtypes and Ki67-proliferation trends. We considered malignant BC pathology reports with different free-text narrative attributes from the South African National Health Laboratory Service. The reports were preprocessed and parsed through the algorithm. Parameters extracted by the algorithm were validated against manually extracted parameters. For all parameters extracted, we obtained accurate annotations of 83-100%, 93-100%, 91-100%, and 92-100% precision, recall, F 1 -score, and kappa, respectively. There was a significant trend in the proportion of each molecular subtype by patient age, histologic type, grade, Ki67, and race. The findings also showed significant association in the Ki67 trend with hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factors, age, grade, and race. Our approach bridges the gap between data availability and actionable knowledge and provides a framework that could be adapted and reused in other cancers and beyond cancer studies. Information extracted from these reports showed interesting trends that may be exploited for BC screening and treatment resources in South Africa. Finally, this study strongly encourages the implementation of a synoptic style pathology report in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divergent pathways of macrophage metabolism occur during infection, notably switching between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis (Warburg‐like metabolism). Concurrently, macrophages shift between alternate and classical activation. A key enzyme upregulated in alternatively activated macrophages is indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, which converts tryptophan to kynurenine for de novo synthesis of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide can be used to replenish cellular NAD+ supplies. We hypothesize that an insufficient cellular NAD+ supply is the root cause of metabolic shifts in macrophages. We assert that manipulation of nicotinamide pathways may correct deleterious immune responses. We propose evaluation of nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) and analogues, including isoniazid, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, as potential therapy for infectious causes of sepsis, including COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational biologists have labored for decades to produce kinetic models to mechanistically explain complex metabolic phenomena. The estimation of numerical values for the large number of kinetic parameters required for constructing large‐scale models has been a major challenge. This collection of kinetic constants has recently been termed the kinetome (Nilsson et al, 2017). In this Commentary, we discuss the recent advances in the field that suggest that the kinetome may be more conserved than expected. A conserved kinetome will accelerate the development of future kinetic models of integrated cellular functions and expand their scope and usability in many fields of biology and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MUSIC Inventory in nursing students. Design: Cross‐sectional psychometric study. Methods: Transcultural adaptation of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory was carried out using translation to Persian and back‐translation. Then, the qualitative and quantitative face and content validity of the inventory were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. To perform construct validity and reliability, a convenience sample of 360 undergraduate nursing students was recruited. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Results: Cronbach's alpha for all items of the MUSIC inventory was.94, and each factor was between.72–.93. Exploratory factor analysis supported the 5‐factor structure of the MUSIC inventory. These 5 factors explain 66.59% of the overall extracted variance. Three items of the MUSIC inventory, which were related to the empowerment component, were deleted. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the Persian version of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory is a valid and reliable tool for Persian language nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is gaining attention as a biomarker for responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the status of TMB in primary and liver metastatic lesions in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, the status of TMB in primary and liver metastatic lesions was inferred by radiogenomics on the basis of computed tomography (CT) images. The study population included 24 CRC patients with liver metastases. DNA was extracted from primary and liver metastatic lesions obtained from the patients and TMB values were evaluated by next‐generation sequencing. The TMB value was considered high when it equaled to or exceeded 10/100 Mb. Radiogenomic analysis of TMB was performed by machine learning using CT images and the construction of prediction models. In 7 out of 24 patients (29.2%), the TMB status differed between the primary and liver metastatic lesions. Radiogenomic analysis was performed to predict whether TMB status was high or low. The maximum values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.732 and 0.812 for primary CRC and CRC with liver metastasis, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the constructed models for TMB status discordance were 0.857, 0.600, and 0.682, respectively. Our results suggested that accurate inference of the TMB status is possible using radiogenomics. Therefore, radiogenomics could facilitate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with CRC in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large‐scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID‐19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID‐19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease‐relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph‐based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS‐CoV‐2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID‐19 or similar pandemics in the long‐term perspective. SYNOPSIS: COVID‐19 Disease Map is a large‐scale collection of curated computational models and diagrams of molecular mechanisms involved in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The map supports the computational exploration of pathways affected by the virus. COVID‐19 Disease Map was built by over 20 independent biocuration teams and harmonised using systems biology standards.Biocuration efforts were assisted by the systematic use of text‐ and AI‐assisted mining of relevant bioinformatic databases and platforms.Case studies illustrate the applications of the map for visual exploration and computational analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 pathways in combination with omic data.The map is an open‐access effort, with all content and code shared in public repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: While many studies have reported on liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), none have specifically addressed the significance of hepatic jaundice. We aimed to determine the clinical consequences and etiologies of jaundice in patients with COVID‐19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical features, laboratory abnormalities, and rates of survival and intensive care unit admission in 551 patients with COVID‐19, hospitalized between 1 March 2020, and 31 May 2020 at a tertiary care academic medical center. Hepatic jaundice was defined as a serum total bilirubin concentration >2.5 mg/dL and a direct bilirubin concentration >0.3 mg/dL that was >25% of the total. Liver injury was characterized as cholestatic, mixed, or hepatocellular at the time of peak serum total bilirubin concentration by calculating the R factor. Results: Hepatic jaundice was present in 49 (8.9%) patients and associated with a mortality rate of 40.8% and intensive care unit admission rate of 69.4%, both significantly higher than for patients without jaundice. Jaundiced patients had an increased frequency of fever, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypotension, hypoxemia, elevated serum creatinine concentration, elevated serum procalcitonin concentration, and sepsis. Nine jaundiced patients had isolated hyperbilirubinemia. Of the 40 patients with abnormally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase activities, 62.5% had a cholestatic, 20.0% mixed, and 17.5% hepatocellular pattern of liver injury. Conclusion: Hepatic jaundice in patients with COVID‐19 is associated with high mortality. The main etiologies of liver dysfunction leading to jaundice appear to be sepsis, severe systemic inflammation, and hypoxic/ischemic hepatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural air ventilation in the hot‐dry regions plays a key role to decrease indoor air temperature in hot season, also to improve thermal comfort during the cold season. One of the most common ways to take advantage of natural ventilation is using wind catcher with an underground tunnel. In this method, the tower catches the airflow and directs it to the underground tunnel to decrease the air temperature by transferring heat to the ground, which is cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter. Earth‐to‐air heat exchanger (EAHE) is a modern form of wind catcher with underground tunnel. In this method, air after passing through buried pipes exchanges heat with the ground, and its temperature increases in the winter and decreases during the summer. This study analyzes the energy performance and cost‐effectiveness of earth‐to‐air heat exchanger to be utilized in a residential building in climate condition of the province of Kermanin Iran. In this regard, 9 different configurations of the EAHE are investigated to find the optimized EAHE. The system performance and cost‐effectiveness are studied in 3 different depths including 1, 2, and 3 m with 3 different pipe lengths including 25, 50, and 75 m. The results show that the EAHE is capable of reducing the inlet air temperature by 0.5‐9.9℃ in the summer and increasing it by 0.9‐11.2℃ in the winter. Furthermore, by integrating the EAHEs in a building design, one can reduce the total annual cooling load by 1.25%‐3.97% and for heating by 1.34%‐3.96%. The payback period of the system with a pipe length of 25 m is 16 years, but for the systems with pipe lengths of 50 and 75 m, this period reduces to almost 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages react to microbial and endogenous danger signals by activating a broad panel of effector and homeostatic responses. Such responses entail rapid and stimulus‐specific changes in gene expression programs accompanied by extensive rewiring of metabolism, with alterations in chromatin modifications providing one layer of integration of transcriptional and metabolic regulation. A systematic and mechanistic understanding of the mutual influences between signal‐induced metabolic changes and gene expression is still lacking. Here, we discuss current evidence, controversies, knowledge gaps, and future areas of investigation on how metabolic and transcriptional changes are dynamically integrated during macrophage activation. The cross‐talk between metabolism and inflammatory gene expression is in part accounted for by alterations in the production, usage, and availability of metabolic intermediates that impact the macrophage epigenome. In addition, stimulus‐inducible gene expression changes alter the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, that in turn modulate the activity of metabolic enzymes thus determining complex regulatory loops. Critical issues remain to be understood, notably whether and how metabolic rewiring can bring about gene‐specific (as opposed to global) expression changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metronidazole may rarely cause encephalopathy and neuropathy. In this study, we report a 30-year-old post-partum, ex-addicted female with leukoencephalopathy due to metronidazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recently developed measurement method has been applied for the first time to the characterization of a bubble column operated in the heterogeneous regime and in presence of non‐Newtonian fluids. The resulting measurements of bubble size are completed with local gas holdup and global mass transfer characterizations. A strong impact of rheology on both bubble size and mass transfer is observed, at any tested superficial gas velocity. A dissociation of the liquid side mass transfer kL and the specific interfacial area (a) is proposed. Results show that the kL model previously validated in stirred tanks filled with complex fluids is satisfyingly extended to bubble columns. The incoming databank will be of great help to develop and validate multiphase hydrodynamic models, especially in the scope of biotechnology and associated systems of complex rheology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The clinical learning environment and clinical rotation experience of students are integral to nursing curriculum and are a crucial component of nursing education which helps transform theoretical knowledge to clinical practical skills. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the role of the clinical learning environment on undergraduate nursing and midwifery students' satisfaction with their clinical rotation experience. Method. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. Data was collected from a sample of 240 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students of the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana, using a structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Cape Coast Ethics Review Board. Descriptive analysis was displayed as frequencies and percentages. Inferentially, Fisher's exact test, linear regression, and Spearman's correlation tests were used to test for and quantify associations between independent and dependent variables at p ≤ 0.05. Results. The level of students' satisfaction with both clinical rotation experience and the clinical learning environment was high (65.6% and 63.5%, respectively). A statistically significant association of the students' satisfaction with their clinical rotation experience was found. There was a statistically significant relationship between the clinical learning environment (χ2 (9, N = 224) = 80.665, p < 0.001), pedagogical atmosphere in the clinical area (rs = 0.379, p < 0.001), the leadership style of the ward manager (rs = 0.340, p < 0.001), the premises of nursing in the ward environment (rs = 0.501, p < 0.001), and the students' satisfaction with their clinical rotation experience. Conclusion. These findings provide nurse educators and clinicians with meaningful understanding about areas to prioritise when planning clinical learning opportunities in such a way that skills learning and practice of nursing skills are successful and satisfactory for undergraduate student nurses and midwives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]