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It is still an open and challenging issue to the typical position control problems of the three‐axis electrical‐optical gyro‐stabilized platform systems (TEOGSP), due to inherent characteristics, for example, measurement noise, input saturation, parametric uncertainties, largely unknown load disturbance. To solve this problem, a saturated adaptive robust feedback controller using an adaptive cascaded extended state observer (SAFCESO) is proposed for compromising between the measurement noise effect and the sensitivity to disturbances. Firstly, the matched and mismatched disturbances existing in the TEOGSP system are estimated and rejected by the cascaded adaptive extended state observers (CESO). Secondly, the parametric uncertainties are evaluated by the adaptive control, and the match disturbances are attenuated by the robust control. Moreover, the adaptive robust control law does not require the velocity measurement signal and internal dynamics information of the system, which is practical to implement. Hence, all various uncertainties could be mainly compensated. Then, the improved auxiliary systems governed by smooth switching functions are developed and incorporated into the control design to compensate for the effect of the input saturation. Finally, the command filters are introduced to limit the magnitude of the virtual control and to calculate the derivative of the virtual control, respectively. The extensive comparative experimental results in the TEOGSP systems showed that the proposed SAFCESO method had superiorities in terms of high‐precision tracking accuracy, robustness, and noise reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of network systems (NSs) via finite‐time (FIT) control techniques. First, the network systems include two complex networks with linear couplings, nonlinear couplings and different rates of evolution. In order to realize the goal of synchronization, intermittent‐adaptive control schemes with quantizer are designed. Then, several FIT synchronization criteria are established by using the designed controllers whose parameters could be adjusted automatically according to the adaptive laws. At the rest of this article, the numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a major disease of cotton. Acidic protein–lipopolysaccharide complexes are thought to be the toxins responsible for its symptoms. Here, we determined that the sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1) acts as a toxin and phenocopies the symptoms induced by V. dahliae. Knocking out genes required for FB1 biosynthesis reduced V. dahliae pathogenicity. Moreover, we showed that overexpression of a FB1 and V. dahliae both downregulated gene, GhIQD10, enhanced verticillium wilt resistance by promoting the expression of brassinosteroid and anti‐pathogen genes. Our results provide a new strategy for preventing verticillium wilt in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High resolution remote sensing image cloud removal can bring a lot of convenience for human activities. However, the existing cloud removal algorithms have a variety of disadvantages. First of all, they have the disadvantages of long computing time and large consumption of computing resources. Secondly, the effect of recovery needs to be improved. In order to improve the above two points, a near real‐time effective algorithm is proposed, namely MSAR‐Defognet (multiple scale attention residual network using for cloud remove), which consumes less computing power and space and has superior cloud removal effect. On the one hand, several different large‐scale filters are chosen to extract the weak information effectively, while can save the computing power and shorten the image processing time. On the other hand, the fine‐grained convolution residual block with channel attention mechanism is used to enhance the network's ability to extract cloud features. In addition, a data set which is closer to the real cloud shape and has higher richness to train the cloud removal network, so that the parameters obtained by training have stronger robustness and can adaptively remove clouds with different thickness. Experiments show that, compared with other advanced network models, the network not only has the advantage of fast processing speed, but also has better image restoration effect in high‐resolution remote sensing image restoration. It can meet the requirements of many hard real‐time tasks, so that remote sensing images can play a greater value for human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is aimed at investigating the exact location of partial discharge (PD) in coil insulation of a 6 KV/250 KW induction machine. Since measured PD signals have frequency components of kilohertz (KHz) to megahertz (MHz), it is necessary to employ fast and very fast transient models of electrical machines for locating PDs. In this study, a PD current pulse with MHz frequency component is injected to the multi‐conductor transmission line model of each turn of the coil with frequency validity of >1 MHz. Considering coils as an interface between voltage source and finite element region, all circuit and field equations are rewritten to obtain the system final matrix, so that PD pulse is extracted. Experiment and simulation results show high accuracy of developed model to determine the exact location of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the traditional direct torque control (DTC) of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) has the shortcomings of large torque ripple and non‐constant switching frequency, this study proposes the deadbeat‐direct torque and flux‐linkage control (DB‐DTFC) method for SRM. By analysing the basic principles of SRM, a discrete‐time model is established to predict the future states of the SRM drive system. With DB‐DTFC, the stator flux and torque can be manipulated during each pulse‐width modulation cycle to minimise torque ripple during operation. As a result, the proposed DB‐DTFC can minimise the torque ripple as well as apply space‐vector modulation with a constant switching frequency. Finally, to verify its effectiveness, DB‐DTFC was applied to the 15 kW three‐phase 12/8‐pole SRM test bench in real time and the results are compared with conventional DTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High torque ripple is inherent in switched reluctance motors (SRMs) because of the motor's doubly salient structure and highly non‐uniform torque and magnetisation characteristics. Direct torque control (DTC) for SRM is one of the torque ripple reduction strategies which gets wide attention for its simpleness and effectiveness. In this study, aiming at the torque ripple phenomenon of DTC for SRM, a novel method for torque‐ripple reduction is proposed. With the new methods, sector zones were redivided into 9 and 12 sector zones based on six sector zones and new control rules were adopted. Consequently, the proposed methods make the selection of voltage vector more precise. A 12/8‐pole three‐phase SRM drive system was designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed new methods. The results verified that the improved DTC algorithms with 9 and 12 sector zones could indeed minimise the torque ripple to a great extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Daily Cognitive Communicative and Sleep Profile (DCCASP) is a seven-item instrument that captures daily subjective sleep quality, perceived mood, cognitive, and communication functions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the DCCASP. The DCCASP was self-administered daily to a convenience sample of young adults (n = 54) for two two-week blocks, interspersed with a two-week rest period. Afterwards, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Internal consistency and criterion validity were calculated by Cronbach's α coefficient, Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), and Spearman rank (rs) correlation coefficient, respectively. Results indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach-s α = 0.864−0.938) among mean ratings of sleep quality on the DCCASP. There were significant correlations between mean ratings of sleep quality and all domains (rs=0.38-0.55, p<0.0001). Criterion validity was established between mean sleep quality ratings on the DCCASP and PSQI (rs=0.40, p<0.001). The DCCASP is a reliable and valid self-report instrument to monitor daily sleep quality and perceived mood, cognitive, and communication functions over time, amongst a normative sample of young adults. Further studies on its psychometric properties are necessary to clarify its utility in a clinical population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entomogenous filamentous fungus, Beauveria bassiana expresses two hydrophobin genes, hyd1 and hyd2, hypothesized to be involved in cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion, virulence, and to constitute the protective spore coat structure known as the rodlet layer. Targeted gene inactivation of hyd1 resulted in seemingly 'bald' conidia that contained significantly altered surface fascicles or bundles. These cells displayed decreased spore hydrophobicity, loss of water mediated dispersal, changes in surface carbohydrate epitopes and β-1,3-glucan distribution, lowered virulence in insect bioassays, but no effect on adhesion. In contrast, Δhyd2 mutants retained distorted surface bundles, but truncated/incomplete rodlets could be seen within the bundles. Δhyd2 conidia displayed both decreased cell surface hydrophobicity and adhesion, but the mutant was unaffected in virulence. The double Δhyd1Δhyd2 mutant was distinct from the single mutants, lacking both bundles and rodlets, and displaying additively decreased cell surface hydrophobicity, reduced cell attachment and lowered virulence than the Δhyd1 mutant. Epitope tagged constructs of the proteins were used to examine the expression and distribution of the proteins and to demonstrate the continued presence of Hyd2 in the Δhyd1 strain and vice versa. The implications of our results with respect to fascicle and rodlet assembly on the spore surface are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates the creep behavior of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) used as raw material for pipe manufacture before and after exposure to oil derivatives through transient rheometry. The authors performed a generalized Kelvin-Voigt model based on two retardation times to describe the creep behavior of the original HDPE. The increase of polymer[compliance with the immersion duration is believed to be caused by a plasticization induced by the diffusion of the liquid in the polymer matrix.