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Retracted articles by Indian scholars have received significant attention in recent times. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to analyse the citations of retracted papers authored by Indian researchers. This study aimed to assess the citations to retracted works published between 2001 and 2020 pre‐ and post‐retraction. The study found that there was an increase in retractions over time, with empirical data suggesting that the number of retractions has increased significantly, from 72 papers between 2001 and 2010 to 365 papers between 2011 and 2020. Duplication (n = 128) and plagiarism (n = 119) were the primary reasons for retraction. Notably, 90% of the retracted articles continued to receive citations after retraction. Among the retracted papers, eight received more than 50 post‐retraction citations, 39 received 20 to 50 citations, 347 received one to 19 citations, and 43 were not cited at all post‐retraction. There was an overall 8% decrease in citations after retraction. Retractions were observed across journals of varying impact factor, with a higher number of retractions observed in journals with an impact factor of less than 5 (n = 286; 65%). Furthermore, smaller research teams of two to five authors accounted for 72% of the total retractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How might the visibility of an author's name and/or institutional affiliation allow bias to enter the evaluation of economics papers? We ask highly qualified journal editors to review abstracts of solo‐authored papers which differ along the dimensions of gender and institution of the author. We exogenously vary whether editors observe the name and/or institution of the author. We identify positive name visibility effects for female economists and positive institution visibility effects for economists at the top institutions. Our results suggest that male economists at top institutions benefit the most from non‐blind evaluations, followed by female economists (regardless of their institution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vigilant animals detect and respond to threats in the environment, often changing posture and movement patterns. Vigilance is modulated not only by predators but also by conspecific threats. In social animals, precisely how conspecific threats alter vigilance behavior over time is relevant to long‐standing hypotheses about social plasticity. We report persistent effects of a simulated conspecific challenge on behavior of wild northern paper wasp foundresses, Polistes fuscatus. During the founding phase of the colony cycle, conspecific wasps can usurp nests from the resident foundress, representing a severe threat. We used automated tracking to monitor the movement and posture of P. fuscatus foundresses in response to simulated intrusions. Wasps displayed increased movement, greater bilateral wing extension, and reduced antennal separation after the threat was removed. These changes were not observed after presentation with a wooden dowel. By rapidly adjusting individual behavior after fending off an intruder, paper wasp foundresses might invest in surveillance of potential threats, even when such threats are no longer immediately present. The prolonged vigilance‐like behavioral state observed here is relevant to plasticity of social recognition processes in paper wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of large‐scale collaborations for solving complex problems is widely recognized, but many barriers hinder meaningful authorship for all on the resulting multi‐author publications. Because many professional benefits arise from authorship, much of the literature on this topic has focused on cheating, conflict and effort documentation. However, approaches specifically recognizing and creatively overcoming barriers to meaningful authorship have received little attention.We have developed an inclusive authorship approach arising from 15 years of experience coordinating the publication of over 100 papers arising from a long‐term, international collaboration of hundreds of scientists.This method of sharing a paper initially as a storyboard with clear expectations, assignments and deadlines fosters communication and creates unambiguous opportunities for all authors to contribute intellectually. By documenting contributions through this multi‐step process, this approach ensures meaningful engagement by each author listed on a publication.The perception that co‐authors on large authorship publications have not meaningfully contributed underlies widespread institutional bias against multi‐authored papers, disincentivizing large collaborations despite their widely recognized value for advancing knowledge. Our approach identifies and overcomes key barriers to meaningful contributions, protecting the value of authorship even on massively multi‐authored publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The HABS‐HD study is an epidemiological study of aging in diverse populations and began transitioning from entirely paper‐based charting to electronic data capture (EDC) in 2018. As the study evolved, the team realized that neuropsychological testing, scoring, and quality review consumed many resources and much staff time. This abstract aims to describe how the HABS‐HD study moved from paper‐based capture of neuropsychological data to EDC with a small data team. Method: The HABS‐HD staff recognized the time commitment for scoring and reviewing scores for the neuropsychological assessment, which created a delay between a participant completing the study and the research diagnosis. Senior research assistants worked with internal developers to create an EDC for the neuropsychological assessment. The data core is small and consists of a director, an assistant director, two developers, two data entry personnel, and a clinician. Specific components were completed on paper to prevent an increase in equipment cost and maintain methodological consistency. These components were reviewed post‐assessment, and a senior research assistant directly entered the scores into the EDC. Result: The EDC neuropsychological assessment was tested before going live. The team adapted data capture from the older method into the EDC. The new system allows the research director to obtain statistics of individual testers and provide more training as needed. It also permits more senior personnel to review the paper components and enter them directly into the EDC, which improves throughput. Conclusion: Smaller data core teams can transition larger projects from paper methods to EDC. The change does not need to be entirely paper or electronic, but investigators should evaluate which methodologies function best for their populations. Finally, communication between the personnel capturing the data, reviewing the quality of the capture, and writing the EDC software is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologists have worked to ascribe function to the variation found in plant populations, communities and ecosystems across environments for at least the past century. The vast body of research in functional ecology has drastically improved understanding of how individuals respond to their environment, communities are assembled and ecosystems function. However, with limited exceptions, few studies have quantified differences in plant function during the earliest stages of the plant life cycle, and fewer have tested how this early variability shapes populations, communities and ecosystems.Drawing from the literature and our collective experience, we describe the current state of knowledge in seedling functional ecology and provide examples of how this subdiscipline can enrich our fundamental understanding of plant function across levels of organisation. To inspire progressive work in this area, we also outline key considerations involved in seedling functional research (who, what, when, where and how to measure seedling traits) and identify remaining challenges and gaps in understanding around methodological approaches.Within this conceptual synthesis, we highlight three critical areas in seedling ecology for future research to target. First, given wide variation in the definition of a 'seedling', we provide a standard definition based on seed reserve dependence while emphasising the need to measure ontogenetic variation more clearly both within and following the seedling stage. Second, studies demonstrate that seedlings can be studied in multiple media (e.g. soil, agar, filter paper) and conditions (e.g. field, greenhouse, laboratory). We recommend that researchers select methods based on explicit goals, yet follow standard guidelines to reduce methodological noise across studies. Third, research is critically needed to assess the implications of different methodologies on trait measurement and compatibility across studies.By highlighting the importance of seedling functional ecology and suggesting pathways to address key challenges, we aim to inspire future research that generates useful and comparable data on seedling functional ecology. This work is critical to explain variation within and among populations, communities and ecosystems and integrate this most vulnerable stage of plant life into ecological frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil‐paper composite is the main insulation system in oil‐filled transformers. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology to improve the electrical and thermal properties of transformer oil has become a field of research interest. In this paper, the electrical properties such as breakdown strength, volume resistivity, and dielectric response of nano‐filled oil‐paper insulation are evaluated. The evaluation is carried out on a double‐layer of oil‐paper composites insulation. The double‐layer samples are prepared considering different nano‐filler types. The studied nano‐filler types are Pb3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2 with average particle size 25 nm of each. For each nano‐filler type, oil‐paper samples with different concentrations (0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/L) are prepared. The effect of nano‐filler types on the breakdown strength, volume resistivity, and dielectric response of oil‐paper composites are highly evaluated. The results show that the filler types as well as filler permittivity affects the breakdown strength, volume resistivity, and dielectric response of oil‐paper composites insulation. Also, the results show that nano‐filler with high permittivity gives higher improvement in breakdown strength of Oil‐paper composite compared nano‐filler with low permittivity. Finally, the interpretation of all obtained results considering breakdown strength, volume resistivity, and dielectric response is highly reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the selective hydroxylation of macroscopic carbon surfaces that renders initially hydrophobic carbon fiber paper hydrophilic for more than one year (62 weeks) so far. This long time of sustained hydrophilicity is unprecedented and transforms the utility of macroscopic carbon materials. Quantification of surface oxygenates of a systematic series of 13 chemical treatments reveals that surface hydroxyls are predictors of long‐lasting hydrophilicity. The rapid, mild, acid‐free, transition‐metal‐free treatment does not leave surface residues, inhibits overoxidation of graphitic carbon beyond hydroxyls, and introduces the highest edge density on carbon surfaces, without altering the mesostructure of carbon fiber network architectures and without lowering the flexural strength of carbon fiber paper. Graphitic edges are required for enhanced stability of surface oxygenates that retain a threshold amount of adsorbed water, which is necessary for keeping carbon fiber paper hydrophilic. Application of hydrophilic carbon fiber paper as high‐surface‐area working electrode supports for alkaline water oxidation catalyzed by [NiFe]‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets demonstrates a factor of 60 higher mass activity compared to catalysis on flat basal‐plane highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among plastic items, single‐use straws are particularly detrimental to marine ecosystems because such straws, including those made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are sharp and extremely slowly degradable in the ocean. While paper straws are promising alternatives, they exhibit hydration‐induced swelling even when coated with a non‐degradable plastic coating and promote effervescence (fizzing) in soft drinks owing to their surface heterogeneities. In this study, upgraded paper straw is coated with poly(butylene succinate) cellulose nanocrystal (PBS/CNC) composites. CNC increases adhesion to paper owing to their similar chemical structures, optimizes crystalline PBS spherulites through effective nucleation, and reinforces the matrix through its anisotropic and rigid features. The straws are not only anti‐fizzing when used with soft drinks owing to their homogeneous and seamless surface coatings, but also highly water‐resistant and tough owing to their watertight surfaces. All degradable components effectively decompose under aerobic composting and in the marine environment. This technology contributes to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to large sulfur (S) content and simple manufacturing techniques, free‐standing cathodes for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are gaining a lot of attention recently. Waste office paper, which is consumed in large quantities annually, was used to make a free‐standing paper‐based carbon (FPC) substrate, which inherited fiber‐like morphology. In addition, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets modified FPC (rGO@FPC) host was also prepared by a vacuum filtration method. After S impregnation, the FPC/S and rGO@FPC/S free‐standing cathodes were employed in Li−S batteries. The rGO@FPC/S free‐standing cathode exhibited extremely competitive electrochemical performance, including a reversible discharge capacity of 315 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 500 cycles. This is due to the uniform S distribution, which boosts the utilization ratio, and the significant blocking action for polysulfide ions, which prevents the redox shuttle effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper has been extensively accepted as an ideal platform for fabricating low‐cost, flexible, and environmentally friendly electronics. However, current paper‐based pressure sensors have not fully demonstrated the unique merits of paper, such as cost efficiency, disposability, cuttability, and foldability, mainly because of the limitation of the applied metal electrodes and device configuration. Here, an all‐organic, all‐paper, cuttable, and foldable pressure sensor is demonstrated for the first time, with the high‐conductivity polypyrrole (PPy) printing paper as electrode and the low‐conductivity PPy tissue paper as active layer. Hollow and 3D all‐paper sensors are realized through fabricating the kirigami or origami structure since the device can be freely cut and folded, presenting a universal strategy promising for flexible device design. The cuttability and foldability of device create a unique 3D perception capability. The devices show high sensitivity (4.8 kPa−1 at < 5.5 kPa, 1.7 kPa−1 at 5.5–40 kPa) and wide detection range (up to 40 kPa), providing a capability for full‐range detection of human physiological and motion signals. These results open a feasible route to realize hollow and 3D sensors and fully demonstrate the potential of paper sensors for diverse applications to new‐generation green electronics and portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrode material made by conversion/alloying reaction possesses a high capacity but suffers from serious volumetric variation and pulverization during electrochemical storage cycling of sodium ions. Herein, we designed the coralloid‐like CoP with N,P‐codoped carbon shell on carbon paper derived from a metal‐organic framework shell. The N,P‐codoped carbon shell not only keeps the structural integrity of the nanomaterial but also introduces vacancies on the electrode material to provide abundant coordination of unsaturated sites for sodium storage. The optimized coralloid‐like CoP with N,P‐codoped carbon shell on carbon paper delivers a high reversible capacity of 318.9 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 150 cycles. Even when the current density is 1000 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles, it still maintains a high discharge capacity of 191.2 mAh g−1. The electrochemical analysis reveals self‐standing hierarchical structure benefits to the chemical mass diffusion and electron conduction. This work provides a new strategy for the exploitation of advanced anode electrodes with a long life for sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small‐signal dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients of paper‐derived sodium potassium niobate, K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN), were compared with those of conventionally prepared samples. Results show similar functional properties of paper‐derived KNN without significantly decreasing the small‐signal piezoelectric coefficient. The structure and microstructure analysis of conventional KNN and paper‐derived KNN did not reveal any significant difference in the crystal structure and grain size. However, the temperature‐dependent inter‐ferroelectric phase transition temperature estimated from the temperature‐dependent dielectric permittivity data revealed a decrease of approximately 18°C for the paper‐derived KNN and is possibly associated with the structural and microstructural defects. This work indicates that optimizing suspension chemistry and sintering conditions will be critical to enhance the functional response of paper‐derived KNN further. Moreover, paper‐derived ceramic processing, a novel and cost‐effective additive manufacturing technology, can be potentially used to fabricate other electroceramics with a wide range of porosities and sizes as well as complex geometries and multilayer structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of ubiquitous hygrothermal resources into renewable energy offers significant potential for cable‐free, self‐powered systems that can operate worldwide without regard to climatic or geographic limitations. Here, an all‐printed flexible hygro‐thermoelectric paper generator is demonstrated that uses bifunctional mobile ions and electrons to make the moist‐diffusion effect, the Soret effect, and the Seebeck effect work synergistically. In the ordinary hygrothermal settings, it generates an unconventional hygro‐thermoelectric output pattern and shows almost a dozen‐fold increase in positive hygro‐thermopower of 26.70 mV K−1 and also another negative hygro‐thermopower of −15.71 mV K−1 compared to pure thermopower. A single paper generator can produce a giant 680 mV displaying typical cyclic sinusoidal waveform characters with volt‐sized amplitudes. The ion‐electron conductive ink is easily printable and consists primarily of a Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric matrix modulated with a hygroscopic glycerol that releases ion charges for moist‐diffusion effect and Soret effect, as well as electron charges for Seebeck effect. The emerged hygro‐thermoelectric harvesting strategy from surrounding hygrothermal resources offers a revolutionary approach to the next generation of hybrid energy with cost‐efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, and also enables large‐scale roll‐to‐roll production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to analyze and visualize the top dental papers from 2012 to 2022 using data from essential science indicators (ESIs). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using library and retrospective bibliometric analysis methods. Additionally, a science map has been created. Web of Science was searched on January 18, 2023. The results were limited to the top papers in ESIs. The bibliometric information of the top papers was evaluated. Next, the VOSviewer was used to perform a co‐occurrence analysis and visualize data. Results: The findings showed that Mariano Belén Sanz and Maurizio S. Tonetti were the top two authors. The University of London and the University of Bern had the highest number of articles. These articles were published in 55 journals. According to the analysis of keyword co‐occurrence, the most frequently used keywords in the field of dentistry include "periodontitis," "dental implants," "periodontal disease," "mechanical properties," "peri‐implantitis," "oral health," "dental caries," "dental materials," "3D printing." Conclusion: The findings of this study enable readers to pinpoint the authors, organizations, countries, and journals that have made the biggest contributions to the list of the most often cited dentistry papers. In medicine, bibliometric citation analysis is frequently used to assist researchers in learning the fundamentals of a subject and pinpoint subtopics of broad interest for additional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Web‐based references form an integral part of academic culture and literature, as well as scientific communication.The preservation of web‐based references that are cited in‐text or in reference lists of academic papers is essential to ensure the integrity of knowledge preservation.When access or links to web‐based resources and references disappear, or if they are dysfunctional, these phenomena are collectively referred to as reference rot.Even though reference rot degrades the integrity of information in academic papers, no industry‐wide solutions currently exist.Given its prominence, we propose the Internet Archive as a possible solution to address reference rot, but also note its weaknesses and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, it has been proposed that unrealistic requirements for academics and medical doctors to publish in scientific journals, combined with monetary publication rewards, have led to forms of contract cheating offered by organizations known as paper mills. Paper mills are alleged to offer products ranging from research data through to ghostwritten fraudulent or fabricated manuscripts and submission services. While paper mill operations remain poorly understood, it seems likely that paper mills need to balance product quantity and quality, such that they produce or contribute to large numbers of manuscripts that will be accepted for publication. Producing manuscripts at scale may be facilitated by the use of manuscript templates, which could give rise to shared features such as textual and organizational similarities, the description of highly generic study hypotheses and experimental approaches, digital images that show evidence of manipulation and/or reuse, and/or errors affecting verifiable experimental reagents. Based on these features, we propose practical steps that editors, journal staff, and peer reviewers can take to recognize and respond to research manuscripts and publications that may have been produced with undeclared assistance from paper mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is crucial to develop non‐pharmacological interventions to help people with dementia. Among different types of non‐pharmaceutical interventions for dementia, art therapy interventions have been shown helpful for improving patients' physiological and mental states, in particular their cognitive performances, cognitive functionalities, including emotional states, verbal fluency, and behavioral reactions. We use Interactive Drawing Therapy (IDT), proposed by Russell Withers, as an art therapeutic method for people with dementia and to explore the method's effectiveness, we suggest developing a vocal assessment method. Method: We will recruit participants with mild AD and individuals without dementia and divide them into two groups, an experimental group that will attend the IDT sessions and a control group that won't be offered the IDT sessions. All participants will attend two picture description sessions while they describe the cookie theft picture or the picnic scene. For the experimental group, we will offer attending two IDT sessions between two picture description sessions. During the first IDT session, the art therapist helps participants draw their thoughts about what he is doing during the day and describe their feelings. During the second IDT session, the art therapist shows one of the pictures, "Man changing the bulb" or "The Cat in the Tree," and asks them to describe the picture with drawing and writing words. We collect speeches of participants during picture description and IDT sessions. The cognitive status of each participant will be measured using the Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) test. Result: We will aim to develop a binary classifier to distinguish patients with improved verbal fluency from patients without any enhancements in verbal fluency. It can be a part of a vocal assessment method to assess improvements in verbal fluency of patients attending IDT sessions which will be designed by combing the picture description. We also expect that such IDT sessions can enhance the verbal fluency of patients with dementia. Conclusion: This study will promise to develop a vocal system to discover the effectiveness of IDT for peoplewith dementia. As a part of this study we aim to identify linguistic and acoustic features that might change during the IDT sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon nanotube papers were employed in fabricating thin and broadband radar absorbing structures (RAS). Different concentrations of the CNT papers have been made by using a vacuum filtration method, with 20 × 20 cm in size and 21‐27 μm in thickness. An epoxy resin was added into the CNT paper and then cured to become a composite with 1‐5 wt.% of CNTs and 83‐309 μm in thickness. The complex permittivity and permeability (ε′, ε″, μ′, μ″) of the CNT paper composites were measured using the transmission/reflection method in the frequency range of 2‐18 GHz. The results reveal that the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of the complex permittivity are increased with the CNT concentration. The ε′ of 5 wt.% CNT sample reaches 323 at 2 GHz and then decreases to 49.0 at 18 GHz. The ε″ reaches 321 at 2 GHz and decreases to 26.0 at 18 GHz. The CNT paper composite combined with a glass fabric composite used for a dielectric spacer is fabricated for an innovative RAS and the reflection loss is measured using the arch method in a microwave anechoic chamber. The results show that the 5 wt.% CNT paper composite/glass fabric composite absorbers attain maximum reflection loss of −13.3 dB at 12.0 GHz, −13.8 dB  at 10.0 GHz, and −16.0 dB at 7.5 GHz for spacer thickness of 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CP phenotype for each cohort was scored on the following criteria as either high confidence (fulfilled >=5 criteria), moderate (3-4), or low confidence (<=2): (i) CP defined with well acknowledged definition; (ii) clinical diagnosis of CP confirmed at time of recruitment; (iii) inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study met the clinical description of CP; (iv) CP clinically confirmed at >= age four; (v) motor disorders of CP well described; (vi) individual phenotyping data available. B Results b : Among the sample of children, 30 did not have CP and 45 had spastic CP (GMFCS levels I-V; 29 bilateral CP; 16 unilateral CP: 8 right, 8 left). B Background and Objective(s) b : The compounding effects of adverse health/function factors as individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) age into and through adulthood can create multiple pathways to complex medical profiles, but the patterns of comorbidities among adults with CP remains understudied. B Background and Objective(s) b : Cerebral palsy (CP) results in impairment of muscle function including muscles of the face, mouth, and throat, which may cause oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) and affects 85% of children with CP. B Background and Objective(s) b : The QEDIN-CP network provides training and support for early screening to fast-track infants to early intervention according to the cerebral palsy (CP) early detection guideline. [Extracted from the article]

Women using antiseizure medication in pregnancy are often advised to use high doses of folic acid supplements (1mg to 5 mg) to reduce the risk of teratogenicity. Recently, we published a report showing an association between maternal prescription fill of high dose folic acid in relation to pregnancy and childhood cancer in the offspring. The report has sparked a debate about which dose of folic acid that should be recommended in pregnancy in women in need of antiseizure medication. In this Commentary, we explain our findings and the method used in our report, and answer recent questions that have emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These developments have the potential to foster additional innovation, facilitate future problem-solving and optimisation strategies, and ultimately contribute to mature OWC technologies. Keywords: optical communication; underwater optical wireless communication EN optical communication underwater optical wireless communication 87 90 4 08/24/23 20230801 NES 230801 Since 2011, optical wireless communication (OWC) technologies have gained momentum. These technologies include visible light communications (VLC), underwater VLC, Li-Fi, optical camera communications (OCC), visible light positioning, visible light sensing and free space optics, among others. [Extracted from the article]

A novel strategy is proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated cellulose paper (PCP)‐based supercapacitor by increasing the reaction interface between hydrophobic pyrrole and hydrophilic FeCl3 solution. Paper is pretreated with regenerated cellulose (RC) to increase its specific surface area, which lays the foundation for increasing the reaction interface between pyrrole and FeCl3 in the following in situ polymerization while providing more adsorption sites for PPy. The RC‐pretreated paper is first impregnated with pyrrole, followed by removing surplus pyrrole occupied by the internal pores of paper prior to the impregnation of FeCl3 solution, aiming to increase the reaction interface between pyrrole and FeCl3 solution. Consequently, the as‐prepared PCP electrode exhibits a PPy loading of 4.2 mg cm−2, which is twofold higher than unpretreated PCP electrodes (2 mg cm−2). Moreover, a solid‐state supercapacitor assembled with PCP electrodes presents a 58 mF cm−2 areal capacitance at 2 mA cm−2 (equivalent to 140.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), a 33.1 µWh cm−2 energy density at a power density of 0.60 mW cm−2, and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 91.6% after 10 000 CV cycles. This work offers a new insight toward improving the electrochemical performance of PCP‐based supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser irradiation to induce networks of graphene-based structures toward cost-effective, flexible device fabrication is a highly pursued area, with applications in various polymeric substrates. This work reports the application of this approach toward commonly available, eco-friendly, low-cost substrates, namely, chromatographic and office papers. Through an appropriate chemical treatment with sodium tetraborate as a fire-retardant agent, photothermal conversion to porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) on paper is achieved. Raman peaks are identified, with I2D/IG and ID/IG peak ratios of 0.616 ± 0.095 and 1.281 ± 0.173, showing the formation of multilayered graphenic material, exhibiting sheet resistances as low as 56.0 Ω sq-1. Coplanar, LIG-based, three-electrode systems (working, counter and reference electrodes) are produced and characterized, showing high current Faradaic oxidation and reduction peaks, translating in high electrochemical active area, doubling the geometric area. Good electron transfer kinetics performed exclusively with on-chip measurements are reached, with k0 values as high as 7.15 x 10-4 cm s-1. Proof-of-concept, amperometric, enzymatic glucose biosensors are developed, exhibiting good analytical performance in physiologically relevant glucose levels, with results pointing to the applicability of paper-based LIG toward efficient, disposable electrochemical sensor development, increasing their sustainability and accessibility, while simplifying their production and reducing their cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bibliometric quantification is frequently used as metrics for the evaluation of the scientific performance of researchers and institutions. The researchers' merit is usually assessed by the analysis of quantitative parameters such as the number of publications, the impact factor of journals, the total number of citations, or the h‐index, although the limitations in translating these indicators into the impact of the outcome of scientific production are a matter of harsh criticism. To assess, based on factual evidences, the validity of traditional bibliometric analyses to conclude on the impact of papers to advance the state of the art, we carried out an innovative methodology on selected publications (test set). This methodology is based on identifying those citations of the test set papers that truly embed the methods, concepts, or hypotheses to build new knowledge and formulate conclusions. The results show that the percentage of citations that reflect the real impact of the papers of the test set has an average value of 12.4% of total citations and is not related to the impact factor of the journal where the test set papers were published. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates factually, using experimental data, the total failure of using quantitative bulk citation analyses to conclude on the scientific impact of publications. Only a careful analysis of how the work described in papers was embedded on the subsequent work and/or conclusions of others can tell about the real contribution of a published work to the development of new knowledge and advancement of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D palladium nanostructures enable sensitive room‐temperature detection of H2. However, they can be limited by stability and fabrication costs. Stability may be improved by alloying Pd with other metals, while cost could be reduced by using paper as a substrate. An ultra‐low‐cost sensor using Pd alloy (PdMoY) nanosheets (NS) on paper is reported. The 2D Pd alloy nanosheets are prepared by a solution‐phase route, drop cast onto paper (≈1 × 1 cm) with silver contacts drawn on it, and dried. The same material is deposited on an interdigitated electrode (IDE). Both sensors are tested for response to hydrogen in air. The resistance of the paper‐based sensor decreased by ≈18.7% in 1% H2, which is about 40 times the response of the IDE‐based sensor. Its H2 limit of detection (1 ppm) is also lower than that of the IDE‐based sensor (5 ppm). Compared to pristine Pd NS, PdMoY NS are more stable to repeated H2 pulses without any signs of buckling or cracks. The nanosheets are also deposited by inkjet printing to produce functional sensors, providing a simple route to manufacturing of ultra‐low‐cost gas sensors for use in fuel‐cell vehicles and related infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic paper devices, also known as electrochromic devices, are known for their ability to change color and remain in a particular color state even after the electric power is turned off. Traditional devices such as electrochromic windows use mechanisms such as electrophoresis or intercalation and use special materials such as anhydrous electrolytes and transparent conductive materials (TCMs). As a result, these devices can sometimes be relatively difficult to assemble, especially in developing countries where such materials are difficult to obtain. Recently, some improvements are made by using alternative electrode positioning that do not require TCM. Here, a novel multicolor display module that is recyclable, can be fabricated from readily available materials, and can be scaled according to the desired screen size is presented. The presented device is a semi‐open electrochemical device that uses pH indicator dyes and an aqueous electrolyte solution in combination with readily available stainless steel sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies important factors for designing an effective biomimetic paper-based fog harvesting substrate by examining the harvesting properties of different surfaces, including glass, polyethylene, and superhydrophobic paper. In laboratory-scale fogging tests, the wetting behavior of the substrates is characterized, and the importance of the tilt angle of the respective surface relative to the fog flow is elaborated. Because successful fog harvesting requires both efficient accumulation of water droplets on the surface (by condensation and collision) and sufficient but not excessive roll-off of the liquid, the amount of water finally collected is clearly related to the pinning effect, which should prevent the smallest droplets from being carried away by the wind but must not lead to full and permanent wetting of the surface. Coalescence is identified as a major phenomenon to improve droplet roll-off. In this context, superhydrophobic paper indicates to be a more effective water collector than glass or polyethylene, especially when oriented vertically, since it allows the droplets to roll off very efficiently. Finally, the addition of glass particles to the superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a means of enhancing pinning and improving the fog harvesting efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-based flexible pressure sensors have received extensive attention owing to their recoverability and accessibility. This study, proposes a graphical pressure sensor array with a multilayered structure. A simple writing method is adopted to realize the adsorption of sensitive materials on the fiber structure of cellulose paper. Pressure sensors with 1, 3, 5, and 7 stacked layers are fabricated and compared. The results show that the seven-layer sensor achieves a high sensitivity (44 kPa-1) and fast time response (less than 150 ms). The highly sensitive stacked paper-based sensor array realizes the pressure detection in objects and special-shaped surfaces. A pressure sensor based on a commercial corrugated box is also fabricated for comparison. The corrugated carton array is used to switch the reminder devices for convenience and accessibility. Because many scenarios require a safe distance to be maintained, particularly under the influence of COVID-19, the writable paper-based sensor array is used to realize graphical distance perception and provide warnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether the unique and common content of initial coin offering (ICO) white papers is related to ICO fund raising and post‐ICO trading activities. Based on the signalling theory, we expect that high‐quality ICOs can provide more unique content in their white papers to distinguish themselves from low‐quality ICOs because it may be costly for low‐quality ICOs to provide unique and specific information. Our results show that ICOs that have more unique or less common content in their white papers raise more funds or are subject to more active trading and higher market values in the post‐ICO period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of flexible catalytic films with isolated single/dual‐atomic sites and their integration in wearable electronics is challenging. Herein, an efficient method to prepare atomically dispersed binary Ni/Co‐decorated flexible carbon nanofiber (NiCo‐CNF) film using formamide‐derived cyano‐specific NiCo‐NC as nanofillers was developed. The optimized Ni1Co1‐CNF catalytic film, having large‐area, high density of adjacent Ni‐N4 and Co‐N4 active sites, and good mechanical properties under repeated bending and release conditions, possessed high catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The ORR/OER potential difference (ΔE10) for Ni1Co1‐CNF at 10.0 mA cm−2 was highly comparable with the Pt/C+RuO2 mixture. In addition, flexible Ni1Co1‐CNF‐assembled Zn‐air battery displayed very good mechanical robustness and cycling stability. Our work may inspire the fabrication of other atomic metal‐decorated films for membrane electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) can be the method of choice for detecting infectious pathogens; these pathogens are responsible for not only infectious diseases such as COVID‐19, but also for certain types of cancers. For example, infections by human papillomavirus (HPV) or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are the main cause of cervical and stomach cancers, respectively. COVID‐19 and many cancers are treatable with early diagnoses using POCT. A variety of nucleic acid testing have been developed for use in resource‐limited environments. However, questions like unintegrated nucleic acid extraction, open detection systems increase the risk of cross‐contamination, and dependence on expensive equipment and alternating current (AC) power supply, significantly limit the application of POCT, especially for on‐site testing. In this paper, a simple portable platform is reported capable of rapid sample‐to‐answer testing within 30 min based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) at a lower temperature, to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and H. pylori bacteria with a limit of detection as low as 4 × 102 copies mL−1. The platform used a battery‐powered portable reader for on‐chip one‐pot amplification and fluorescence detection, and can test for multiple (up to four) infectious pathogens simultaneously. This platform can provide an alternative method for fast and reliable on‐site diagnostic testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to migration, terror‐threats and the viral pandemic, various EU member states have re‐established internal border control or even closed their borders. European Association for Biometrics (EAB), a non‐profit organisation, solicited the views of its members on ways which biometric technologies and services may be used to help with re‐establishing open borders within the Schengen area while at the same time mitigating any adverse effects. From the responses received, this position paper was composed to identify ideas to re‐establish free travel between the member states in the Schengen area. The paper covers the contending needs for security, open borders and fundamental rights as well as legal constraints that any technological solution must consider. A range of specific technologies for direct biometric recognition alongside complementary measures are outlined. The interrelated issues of ethical and societal considerations are also highlighted. Provided a holistic approach is adopted, it may be possible to reach a more optimal trade‐off with regards to open borders while maintaining a high‐level of security and protection of fundamental rights. European Association for Biometrics and its members can play an important role in fostering a shared understanding of security and mobility challenges and their solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable micropower sources with high energy density and stability under repeated tensile deformation are key components of flexible/wearable microelectronics. Herein, through the combination of strain engineering and modulation of the interlayer spacing, freestanding and lightweight MXene/bacterial cellulose (BC) composite papers with excellent mechanical stability and a high electrochemical performance are first designed and prepared via a facile all-solution-based paper-making process. Following a simple laser-cutting kirigami patterning process, bendable, twistable, and stretchable all-solid-state micro-supercapacitor arrays (MSCAs) are further fabricated. As expected, benefiting from the high-performance MXene/BC composite electrodes and rational sectional structural design, the resulting kirigami MSCAs exhibit a high areal capacitance of 111.5 mF cm−2, and are stable upon stretching of up to 100% elongation, and in bent or twisted states. The demonstrated combination of an all-solution-based MXene/BC composite paper-making method and an easily manipulated laser-cutting kirigami patterning technique enables the fabrication of MXene-based deformableall-solid-state planar MSCAs in a simple and efficient manner while achieving excellent areal performance metrics and high stretchability, making them promising micropower sources that are compatible with flexible/wearable microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixth generation will exploit satellite, aerial, and terrestrial platforms jointly to improve radio access capability and unlock the support of on‐demand edge cloud services in three‐dimensional (3D) space, by incorporating mobile edge computing (MEC) functionalities on aerial platforms and low‐orbit satellites. This will extend the MEC support to devices and network elements in the sky and forge a space‐borne MEC, enabling intelligent, personalized, and distributed on‐demand services. End users will experience the impression of being surrounded by a distributed computer, fulfilling their requests with apparently zero latency. In this paper, we consider an architecture that provides communication, computation, and caching (C3) services on demand, anytime, and everywhere in 3D space, integrating conventional ground (terrestrial) base stations and flying (non‐terrestrial) nodes. Given the complexity of the overall network, the C3 resources and management of aerial devices need to be jointly orchestrated via artificial intelligence‐based algorithms, exploiting virtualized network functions dynamically deployed in a distributed manner across terrestrial and non‐terrestrial nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lime mud, a kind of industrial waste that produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process. The carbonation performance of the lime mud was investigated in a dual‐fixed bed reactor (DFR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The carbonation kinetics of the lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage was analyzed by a surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model. The results show that the lime mud presents much poorer carbonation performance during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the limestone, mainly due to the high content of chlorine in the lime mud. A prewash treatment process was used to decrease the chlorine content to mitigate the sintering of the lime mud when calcined at high temperature. After prewash treatment, the prewashed lime mud shows much higher CO2 capture capacity during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the lime mud. A prolonged carbonation process successfully further enhances the microstructure and improves the carbonation performance of the prewashed lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage. The lime mud can be effectively used as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process after prewash treatment and the following prolonged carbonation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital printing waste paper fiber/nanocrystalline cellulose/poly(lactic acid) composites, modified through γ‐methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane (KH570), isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), and a composite silane coupling agent (KH570/PEG6000), were fabricated by melt blending and injection molding, and the effects of different modifiers on the properties of composites were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of the modified composites were improved, and the best flexural strength, tensile strength, and impact strength were obtained by PEG6000, KH570/PEG6000, and KH570, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal decomposition performance of the composites treated by KH570 was relatively superior. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the melting enthalpy and crystallinity of the modified material increased, while the cold crystallization temperature decreased. After modification, both water absorption and degradation showed a decreasing trend, especially KH570/PEG6000. Under the action of several modifiers, the diffusion coefficient, thermodynamic solubility, and permeability of composites were reduced to varying degrees. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that interfacial adhesion and composite compatibility were improved with significantly fewer and smaller pores, as well as a fuzzy boundary among the three phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for eco‐friendly materials with anticipated positive impact for sustainability is crucial to achieve the UN sustainable development goals. Classical strategies of composite materials can be applied on novel nanomaterials and green materials. Besides the actual technology and applications also processing and manufacturing methods should be further advanced to make entire technology concepts sustainable. Here, they show an efficient way to combine two low‐cost materials, cellulose and zinc oxide (ZnO), to achieve novel functional and "green" materials via paper‐making processes. While cellulose is the most abundant and cost‐effective organic material extractable from nature. ZnO is cheap and known of its photocatalytic, antibacterial, and UV absorption properties. ZnO nanowires are grown directly onto cellulose fibers in water solutions and then dewatered in a process mimicking existing steps of large‐scale papermaking technology. The ZnO NW paper exhibits excellent photo‐conducting properties under simulated sunlight with good ON/OFF switching and long‐term stability (90 minutes). It also acts as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation (5.7 × 10−9 m s−1) with an envision the possibility of using it in buildings to enable large surfaces to spontaneously produce H2O2 at its outer surface. Such technology promise for fast degradation of microorganisms to suppress the spreading of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper electronics offer an environmentally sustainable option for flexible and wearable systems and perfectly fit the available printing technologies for high manufacturing efficiency. As the heart of energy‐consuming devices, paper‐based batteries are required to be compatible with printing processes with high fidelity. Herein, hydrogel reinforced cellulose paper (HCP) is designed to serve as the separator and solid electrolyte for paper batteries. The HCP can sustain higher strain than pristine papers and are biodegradable in natural environment within four weeks. Zinc‐metal (Ni and Mn) batteries printed on the HCP present remarkable volumetric energy density of ≈26 mWh cm–3, and also demonstrate the feature of cuttability and compatibility with flexible circuits and devices. As a result, self‐powered electronic system could be constructed by integrating printed paper batteries with solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. The result highlights the feasibility of hydrogel reinforced paper for ubiquitous flexible and eco‐friendly electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonaceous materials, especially with graphite‐layers structure, as anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), are the footstone for industrialization of PIBs. However, carbonaceous materials with graphite‐layers structure usually suffer from poor cycle life and inferior stability, not to mention freestanding and flexible PIBs. Here, a freestanding and flexible 3D hybrid architecture by introducing carbon dots on the reduced graphene oxide surface (CDs@rGO) is synthesized as high performance PIBs anode. The CDs@rGO paper has efficient electron and ion transfer channels due to its unique structure, thus enhancing reaction kinetics. In addition, the CDs provide abundant defects and oxygen‐containing functional groups, which can improve the electrochemical performance. This freestanding and flexible anode exhibits the high capacity of 310 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, ultra‐long cycle life (840 cycles with a capacity of 244 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1), and excellent rate performance (undergo six consecutive currents changing from 100 to 500 mA g−1, high capacity 185 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1), outperforming many existing carbonaceous PIB anodes. The results may provide a starting point for high‐performance freestanding and flexible PIBs and promote the rapid development of next‐generation flexible batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are a powerful preventive therapy for cardiac sudden death, there are some populations in whom ICDs cannot be applied because of a lack of a definitive indication (grey‐zone patients), such as in patients during the acute phase of cardiac injury with a susceptible risk for lethal arrhythmias. In such patients, wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) provide safer bridging period during the acute phase until the final decision‐making for the ICD use and it may eliminate any inappropriate overuse of ICDs in the subacute phase. The JCS/JHRS practical guidelines provide the criteria for WCD use in Japan. Nevertheless, the evidence for that is totally limited in Japan and is dependent on the accumulation of actual real‐world data from other countries in order to be able to discuss the appropriate criteria for WCD use. This study will be conducted retrospectively and/or prospectively, and is an observational and multicenter study among Japanese institutions (J‐WCDR, Japan WCD Registry). This will provide evidence for WCD use in our own country and contribute to upcoming updates for the future guideline revisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in printing technology and design software have enabled the rapid and convenient replication of entities. Herein, a method that provides motility to a paper through inkjet printing and that makes a paper self‐fold along printed lines is presented. A sequence of self‐folding is successfully programmed by modifying the dynamics of self‐folding. The interaction between printing aqueous solutions and a paper is used to program motion. An extremely simple stepwise self‐folding system is constructed by injecting multiple aqueous solutions into an inkjet printer. A new mechanism is also discussed for the self‐folding of the paper by experimentally varying the concentration of additives. The suggested method enables the fabrication of various structures in addition to activating self‐folded structures. Finally, a fundamental experiment using the proposed method to provide heliotropism to a silicone rod is successfully demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]