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Aim: The aim of the study was to test the psychometric properties of the Facilitative Student–Patient Relationship (FSPR) Scale in clinical practicum in hospital settings within six European countries. Design: A multi‐country, cross‐sectional survey design was applied. Methods: A convenience sample of graduating nursing students (N = 1,796) completed the FSPR Scale. Psychometric testing was carried out through explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Both validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed. The explorative factor analysis yielded a two‐factor construct explaining 47.7% of the total variance, identifying two sub‐scales: caring relationship and learning relationship. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure. The Cronbach alpha coefficients (0.8–0.9) indicated acceptable reliability of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is a relative paucity of self‐reported vision problems data in European countries. Methods: In this context, we investigated self‐reported vision problems through European Health Interview Survey 2, a cross‐sectional European population survey based on a standardized questionnaire including 147 medical, demographic and socioeconomic variables applied to non‐institutionalized individuals aged 15 years or more in 28 European countries, in addition to Iceland and Norway. Results: The survey included 311 386 individuals (54.18% women), with overall crude prevalence of self‐reported vision problems of 2.07% [95% CI; 2.01–2.14]. Among them, 1.70 % [1.61–1.78] of men, 2.41% [2.31–2.51] of women and 4.71% [4.53–4.89] of individuals aged 60 or more reported to have a lot of vision problems or to be not able to see. The frequency of self‐reported vision problems was the highest in Eastern European countries with values of 2.43% [2.30–2.56]. In multivariate analyses, limiting long‐standing illness, depression, daily smoking, lack of physical activity, lower educational level and social isolation were associated with self‐reported vision problems with ORs of 2.66 [2.42–2.92], 2.16 [2.01–2.32], 1.11 [1.01–1.23], 1.31 [1.21–1.42], 1.29 [1.19–1.40] and 1.45 [1.26–1.67], respectively, while higher income was associated with less self‐reported vision problems with OR of 0.80 [0.73–0.86]. Conclusions: This study demonstrated inequalities in terms of prevalence of self‐reported vision problems in Europe, with higher prevalence in Eastern European countries and among women and older individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) undergo rapid migrations with potential for long‐distance dispersal (LDD) of plants. We studied the frequency of endozoochory by shorebirds in different parts of Europe covering a broad latitudinal range and different seasons. We assessed whether plants dispersed conformed to morphological dispersal syndromes. A total of 409 excreta samples (271 faeces and 138 pellets) were collected from redshank Tringa totanus, black‐winged stilt Himantopus himantopus, pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus, Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata and black‐tailed godwit Limosa limosa in south‐west Spain, north‐west England, southern Ireland and Iceland in 2005 and 2016, and intact seeds were extracted and identified. Godwits were sampled just before or after migratory movements between England and Iceland. The germinability of seeds was tested. Intact diaspores were recovered from all bird species and study areas, and were present in 13% of samples overall. Thirteen plant families were represented, including Charophyceae and 26 angiosperm taxa. Only four species had an 'endozoochory syndrome'. Four alien species were recorded. Ellenberg values classified three species as aquatic and 20 as terrestrial. Overall, 89% of seeds were from terrestrial plants, and 11% from aquatic plants. Average seed length was higher in redshank pellets than in their faeces. Six species were germinated, none of which had an endozoochory syndrome. Seeds were recorded during spring and autumn migration. Plant species recorded have broad latitudinal ranges consistent with LDD via shorebirds. Crucially, morphological syndromes do not adequately predict LDD potential, and more empirical work is required to identify which plants are dispersed by shorebirds. Incorporating endozoochory by shorebirds and other migratory waterbirds into plant distribution models would allow us to better understand the natural processes that facilitated colonization of oceanic islands, or to improve predictions of how plants will respond to climate change, or how alien species spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers some insights into the scope and methods of fishery research and its place in marine ecology. Oceanographical and fishery research was carried out in north-west Europe, in connection with the work of survey and exploration undertaken by the naval ships of Great Britain and the U.S. During the second half of the last century, fishery research developed in the Scandinavian countries in connection with practical problems, such as fish depletion. According to the author, fishery investigators should focus on various areas including from the edge of the ice in the north right south to the coast of Morocco, around Iceland, North Sea and the waters to the west of Greenland. The level of sea salinity, its temperature and its current are important factors in this research.