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The article lists the previous winners and the 2007 winner of the Wiley-Blackwell Area Prize which was announced at the RGS-IBG Annual General Meeting on June 2008 at the RGS-IBG headquarters in London, England including Jessica Graybill, Clare Herrick, and Pauline Couper.

Presents a list of discussion papers of London Business School's Centre for Economic Forecasting in London, England for 1997 and 1998.

Presents a summary of several research papers of London Business School's Centre for Economic Forecasting in London, England, including `Monetary Union: The Ins and Outs of Strategic Delegation,' by Paul Levine and Joseph Pearlman.

Introduces the discussion papers submitted to the Center for Economic Forecasting of the London Business School in London, England from 1996 to 1998. `Weak Exogeneity and Joint Normality,' by Caporale and Pittis; `International Economic Policy Coordination: A Brief Survey of the Literature,' by Caporale; `Causality and Forecasting in Incomplete Systems: Evaluating Potential Losses,' by Caporale and Pittis.

The article discusses the highlights of the 50th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botany Lecture Room at the University of London in England on January 3, 1969. The minutes of the 49th Annual General Meeting were taken as read, approved and signed. The report of the Honorary Secretaries was presented for discussion of the members present.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society held in London, England from April 3-4, 1951 is presented. Topics include the ecology of Hydropsychideae, or Tricoptera, the localization of Cladocera in lakes and ponds and the relationship between the natural habitat preferences of a particular animal and the choice of alternative ones' in towns. A topic on nature conservation was also discussed.

There is a longstanding literature on the unequal geographical distribution of welfare. In this paper we argue that increasingly geography is becoming the basis for rationing access to some forms of welfare. Focusing on access to secondary schools in East London, England, where the demand for places at the more popular schools generally far exceeds the number of places available, we show how distance from school has now become the primary means of allocating places. Rather than educational resources attempting to compensate for geographical disadvantage, geography (in the form of distance from school) has become the rationale by which those living in advantaged areas continue to have privileged access to educational resources. Whereas previously the role of the state was to compensate for the unfairness of such geographical inequalities, geography (via distance to school) is now used to justify the unequal allocation of scarce school places. The paper demonstrates that not only does the near universal adoption of distance-based allocation policies in East London lead to the reproduction of social advantage and disadvantage, but also it is creating new hierarchies of school popularity and more important unpopularity which are not always clearly related to issues of school attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the relations between practice, knowledge and context in design consultancies. It uses a case study of design consultancies in London based on in-depth interviews with designers working in design agencies in the city. The paper argues that the relations between design knowledge and context have been conceived in two ways. The first account emphasises the sharing of tacit knowledge in a design community marked by relatively strong and durable social ties. The second approach argues instead that design is a creative collectivity with much weaker social ties and a broader range of types of knowledge. It is argued that while both of these approaches illuminate parts of situated learning and context in design consultancies, these are actually more complex and mixed than either account recognises. Both accounts overlook the crucial importance of what are termed medium-strength ties between designers and their clients that combine market contracts with personal regard and friendship. The paper concludes by suggesting that such medium ties are increasingly important in design-based innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covered interest parity theorem states that the covered interest differential between two identical assets denominated in different currencies should be zero. Profitable deviations from the parity represent riskless arbitrage opportunities and so indicate market inefficiency. Previous empirical work on this topic has used data that have not been contemporaneously sampled, and does not therefore constitute a proper test of covered interest parity (since those prices never appeared in the market simultaneously). In this paper the covered interest parity condition is tested using high-frequency, contemporaneously sampled data gathered in the London foreign exchange market. The results overwhelmingly support the market efficiency hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights a joint meeting of the British Ecological Society's Tropical Ecology Group with the Royal Entomological Society, held at Imperial College in London, England on March 30, 1962. The meeting opened with a paper by P. M. Symmons who spoke on the effect of climate and weather on numbers of the red locust in its outbreak areas. J. P. Glasgow then spoke on the interrelations of tsetse with their habitat. The last paper in the morning session was by Gordon Surtees on the factors limiting mosquito distribution.

The article discusses the highlights of the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany at Bedford College in London, England on September 19 and 20, 1955. Several papers dealing with various aspects of the ecology of Calluna vulgaris were presented on the 19th, including a paper on experimental work to determine the effect of grazing wether sheep on enclosed areas of Calluneta. A discussion of the effects of burning heather is provided.

The article reports on the highlights of the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in London, England on April 2-3, 1954. A. R. Clapham, a professor and president of the British Ecological Society, commenced the morning session on April 2, 1954. Several research papers were presented during the meeting, including those from Dr. Eville Gorham, Professor W. H. Pearsall and J. Brereton. On behalf of the Honorary Treasurer, the auditors' account was discussed by E. D. Le Cren during the meeting.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in Burlington House in London, England on April 7-8, 1952 is presented. Topics include the impact of rabbit to the agriculture in West Wales discussed by Prof. A. N. Worden and Ms. Winifred M. Phillips, the physiology of plants and plant ecology. Furthermore, the meeting was headed by Dr. C. B. Williams, president of the society and was attended by nearly one hundred members.

Compared with the attention paid to written texts, geographers and others have neglected the spoken word in its many forms, particularly in investigations of the power relations of colonialism and imperialism. This paper argues that considering orality as a series of embodied, situated enunciations, declarations and conversations can provide a basis for historical geographies of the spoken word that engage with representation as practice. Using evidence from the domain of law within the context of Britain's plantation colonies in the Caribbean - particularly Barbados and Jamaica - this paper argues for the significance of the oral culture of empire. This was evident in the ways in which the power of speech - through the rules on oath-taking and evidence-giving - was part of the making of imperial and colonial identities and relationships dividing white and non-white, free and unfree, both within the spaces of plantation societies and in the broader British Atlantic world. The fragility of the identities and relationships made through the spoken word is also demonstrated through a series of moments when changes in the regulation of speech in courts of law were suggested and contested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a plethora of literature in the last few years attempting to conceptualise how the (international) firm operates in the notion of what has been termed ‘buzz’. In this paper, we aim to highlight how the use of social network analysis (SNA) can provide a nuanced view of ‘buzz’, through a focus on London's advertising industry. In this case study, we use the data on interlocking board members of the advertising companies in London, and visualise their network maps through sociograms. This method of analysis, under-utilised in the economic geography literature, highlights the intensity of connections between companies and particular individuals. It shows the paths of knowledge flow within the industry, and can highlight the key ‘gatekeepers’ within what is already known to be a highly networked and socialised industry. This is a specific conceptualisation of interaction and provides a quantitative conception of what has hitherto been largely evaluated through qualitative means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from debates in economic geography on relational and organisational proximity as a substitute for geographical proximity, the paper explores characteristics of knowledge transfer in London's recorded music industry through an examination of organisational connections on local and global scales. The paper demonstrates that knowledge transfer within the industry occurs simultaneously across multiple geographical scales, with certain organisational connections facilitating the transfer of tacit knowledge across organisational boundaries. However, the paper argues that these connections do not offer the same scope for trust as is afforded by frequent face-to-face contact and therefore offer only a partial substitute for geographical proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the building that presently houses the Imperial War Museum, investigating the transformation of the archetypal ‘mad space’ of the Bethlem Royal Hospital into what has been described as the ‘biggest boy’s bedroom in London’. Following recent concerns in human geography with Imperial cities, it highlights the differing ways in which this transformation embodies a number of themes of degeneration and regeneration in early twentieth-century Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents estimates of an equilibrium-based dynamic adjustment model of the office market, using supply and demand relationships to link construction, absorption, vacancies and rents to employment growth and real interest rates. The model is estimated using data from the City of London office market over 1977-1996. The model tracks the market dynamically, and the severe 1985-1996 cycle is shown to be related to the cycle in employment growth and the movement of real interest rates. The latter directly affects both construction and real rent levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a number of studies published in the economic history literature discuss the development, organization and function of the London Stock Exchange, there is little quantitative evidence on how well this market functioned. This is a significant omission, since the finance literature provides a well developed set of criteria against which the performance of capital markets may be judged. In particular, the finance literature emphasizes the importance of the efficient impounding of information into market prices. So-called 'weak-form efficiency' is the least demanding version and is therefore the logical starting point. This paper reports the results of weak-form efficiency tests of the London market for 3 per cent Consols from 1821 to 1860. The tests are based on over 10,000 daily price changes, The evidence presented here is similar to that found in contemporary markets, suggesting that the market for 3 per cent Consols was efficient in the weak-form sense. From a finance perspective, this market is of interest, given the institutional differences between it and contemporary markets. From an economic history perspective, this security is of special interest, given its frequent use in economic history analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the Winter and Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Science Lecture Theatre of Goldsmith College in London, England on January 3-5, 1966 is presented. Various papers regarding ecology were discussed in the event. Also, exhibits were conducted which showcased ecological dynamics.

Information about several papers discussed at the British Ecological Society's symposium on ash as a forest tree in the British Isles on February 25, 1950 at the University College in London, England is presented. E. W. Jones iniated a discussion titled "Some features of the biology of ash," differentiating the F. excelsior tree from other British trees. A. H. Popert gave a lecture titled "Sylviculture of ash in Great Britain." Other speakers included W. B. Turrill, Arthur Tansley and J. Chear.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

Information about several papers discussed at the Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany, University College in London, England on January 11, 1947. It was attended by Dr. A. S. Watt, chairman of the society, and approximately 100 members of the organization. During the event, the minutes of the previous meeting were presented and signed by the officers.

This article discusses a study on social status and clique formation among grammar school boys in London, England. This paper reports on another aspect of the inquiry into the effects of social class at adolescence, which has been carried out at the London School of Economics and Political Science in England under the direction of Doctor H. T. Himmelweit. Within the broad framework of the research project, an important place was allotted to problems of peer group selection. Moreover, the paper is based on information from three sources: a choice of friend questionnaire, a sociometric questionnaire and an open-ended question on the attributes of a good friend. The most interesting conclusion which has emerged from these data points to an important difference between this country and the U.S. In both countries, the adolescent's value system largely determines his friendship choices. In England, it has been shown that similar class stereotypes may be found and it is quite possibly true that such friendship criteria as are embodied in the choice of a friend questionnaire reflect parental values. It could also be argued, that the working class boys in the grammar school are exceptional, in that they come from homes where middle class values are prevalent. In England, it may be said in general that by having secondary grammar and secondary modern schools, the working class pupils are divided into those who will be given an opportunity for social ascent and those who will not. England deliberately segregates the new recruits to the higher social levels and gives them more advanced training in separate schools. Under these conditions, several factors combine to give the working class boy those attitudes, interests and motives which are concomitant with his future social position.

This article provides a summary of the paper "Adaptations of Animals to Life in Tropical Swaps" presented by L. C. Beadle at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The paper defines a swamp as a stretch of shallow and slow-flowing water in which the conditions are dominated by the effects of closely-packed emergent vegetation. It discusses the possible conditions in swamps that might be expected seriously to affect aquatic animals.

This article provides information on the biennial conference of the British Sociological Association at Queen Elizabeth College in London, England on March 22 to 24, 1957. The theme Sociology in Retrospect and Prospect was an appropriate one in view of the increasingly felt need to undertake a systematic re-assessment and clarification of the main issues involved in sociological theory and practice. A large theme of this nature could not be pursued in exhaustive detail, but the papers in both the plenary and the group sessions were such as to stimulate much thought, and the degree of interest shown in the conference was such as to suggest that this theme was one of central concern to all. The attendance was greater than had been anticipated. Although not central to the theme of the conference, perhaps one of the most significant facts about it was that it became the basis for a consciously contrived effort to begin and foster co-operative relations between the British Association and the American Sociological Society. Another encouraging feature was that 39 students were sufficiently interested to become student members of the association. The executive officers were very helpful throughout, and finally it proved possible to send over a small delegation.

This article introduces the summaries of papers presented at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The African papers concentrated mainly on conditions in freshwater swamps. The South American papers were more general. The summaries of the main contributions are grouped according to continent.

The article offers information on the mandatory Public Access Policies introduced by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the British agency Wellcome Trust for all research papers. The NIH policy requires all investigators funded by the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central (PMC) to submit an electronic version of their final manuscripts. The Wellcome Trust policy mandates electronic copies of any research papers accepted for publication to be made available through PMC.

London’s skyline is changing significantly with a new generation of iconic buildings, of which the Swiss-Re Tower is the most well known. Despite the fact that many of these buildings are located in the City (London’s financial heart), little attention has been paid to the relationship between the transformation of London’s skyline and the recent institutional reconfiguration of the Corporation of London, the authority that runs the City. Focusing empirically on the City’s iconic architecture, and foregrounding a period of institutional crisis for the Corporation (1970–1990), the paper: first, departs from the standard analysis of iconic buildings as signifiers of economic success, and sketches a framework for examining the role of iconic architecture during moments of crisis and, second, offers a new approach to understanding the City’s iconic commissions: not as signifiers of London’s international economic power, but as symptoms of changes in the institutions and élites that promote the City’s new urbanity. The article details how the internationalisation of London’s economy after the 1970s challenged the Corporation’s insular character. The Corporation’s resistance to the ‘invasion’ of foreign companies, people and architectural styles in the City in the midst of a rapid expansion of London’s economy and growing inter-urban competition, led to open threats from the government for the abolition of the Corporation. Responding to these threats, the Corporation reinvented itself with an institutional reform and re-branded its identity in the early 2000s as an outward-looking institution, open to London’s new transnational élites. The 2002 Unitary Development Plan that introduced a new architectural language in the City corresponds to the same need to construct a new imaginary identity for a re-branded Corporation. Towering over the City’s traditional signifiers, the City’s new buildings constitute an ode to the Corporation’s new identity and a visual coup d’état against its time-old heritage-oriented planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we explore the impacts of the training programmes offered to lone mothers with young children on the Government's ‘New Deal for Lone Parents’ in one local labour market: West London. Our research suggests that regulatory workfare policies are (re)producing and reinforcing gendered inequalities in the labour market by encouraging lone mothers to undertake training in feminised occupational areas such as childcare. We will argue that in a local economy such as West London where more childcare workers are desperately needed to enable other more highly skilled workers to take up employment opportunities, such training programmes may be doing little more than exacerbating the already gendered and class-based polarisation of the labour market – embedding low-skilled, poorly qualified lone mothers into low-paid jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between gentrification and globalisation has recently become a significant concern for gentrification scholars. This has involved developing an understanding of how gentrification has become a place-based strategy of class (re)formation during an era in which globalisation has changed sociological structures and challenged previously established indicators of social distinction. This paper offers an alternative reading of the relationship between gentrification and globalisation through examining the results of a mixed method research project which looked at new-build gentrification along the River Thames, London, UK. This research finds gentrification not to be distinguished by the gentrifer-performed practice of habitus within a ‘global context’. Rather, the responsibility for gentrification, and the relationship between globalisation and gentrification, is found to originate with capital actors working within the context of a neoliberal global city. In order to critically conceptualise this form of gentrification, and understand the role of globalisation within the process, the urban theory of Lefebvre is drawn upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that a process of super-gentrification, similar to that first identified by Lees (2003 Urban Studies 40 2487–509) in Brooklyn Heights, New York City, is occurring in the already gentrified, inner London neighbourhood of Barnsbury. A new group of super wealthy professionals working in the City of London is slowly imposing its mark on this inner London housing market in a way that differentiates it and them both from traditional gentrifiers and from the traditional urban upper classes. We suggest that there is a close interaction between work in the newly globalizing industries of the financial services economy, elite forms of education, particularly Oxbridge, and residence in Barnsbury which is very different from other areas of gentrified inner London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many governments have introduced policies aimed at improving social mix, particularly in urban areas. In this article we develop a model of moving and location decisions, which demonstrates how cumulative processes of growth, decline and segregation occur that conflict with the aims of policies aimed at improving social mix. A nested multinomial logit model is estimated, using a micro data set for London and South East England to illustrate the likely outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, a sharp divergence of London Stock Exchange equity prices from dividends has been noted. In this paper, we examine whether this divergence can be explained by reference to the existence of a speculative bubble. Three different empirical methodologies are used: variance bounds tests, bubble specification tests, and cointegration tests based on both ex post and ex ante data. We find that, stock prices diverged significantly from their fundamental values during the late 1990's, and that this divergence has all the characteristics of a bubble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international prominence of Young British art (YBa) in the 1990s gave London a contemporary art movement to match its role as one of the world's key centres of art exchange. Examining the rise of YBa in retrospect, this paper is concerned with the difference place makes in helping to shape the (hi)story of art. It is argued that London's established role as an international art centre was crucial in providing the density of networks, associations and facilities necessary to sustain an international art movement. At the same time, YBa's success can be linked to London's changing status as a cultural capital, as well as profound changes in the business of contemporary art. Attention is drawn to the ways in which the international art world is dominated by networks formed within and across a limited number of world art cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable debate has occurred over whether ‘global cities’ are witnessing polarization of their labour forces into highly paid professionals and low paid personal service workers. This paper offers evidence on paid domestic labour in London, some of which occurs in the informal sector, and considers its potential significance for the polarization debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public access to environmental information received much attention in the last decade. Recent developments promote access to this information through public telecommunication networks. This paper describes a Web-based survey that explored the requirements and needs of likely users of public environmental information systems for London: educated middle-class members of the public, with high interest in environmental issues and computer literacy. The survey demonstrated current information consumption patterns and the reasons to gather and use such information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results from exploratory research which set out to investigate London children's perceptions and uses of river environments. Mainly qualitative, multi-method research was carried out in four primary schools with children aged 9-11, focusing on two rivers near to the schools. Rivers were found to be marginal to the children's everyday lives and outdoor play, being perceived as polluted, neglected, and initially dangerous places. However, when experienced on visits observed as part of the research, some of these perceptions changed and rivers were also found to afford many special activities and experiences for the children. The visits were generally seen to have a positive effect on the children's perceptions of rivers, at least in the short term. This suggests that, if managed appropriately, rivers could be potentially rewarding play areas for children. Moreover, children could provide valuable input for river managers in suggesting ways of improving suitable local rivers for increased recreational uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become increasingly common in health services research. Whilst useful, its focus on behaviour, capacities and activities means that it remains relatively specific. This paper explores the possibility of extending the evaluation of health by considering the concept of patients’ expectations. Design In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to explore the concept of expectations from the patients’ perspective. Patients’ expectations were then used in the construction of a two-part questionnaire. Settings and participants Expectations were explored with a group of 33 cardiac patients. The resulting questionnaire was given to 400 cardiac patients in a large teaching hospital in London. Results Patients identified a range of expectations which related to their health and seemed to represent the desired results of their hospital stay. Comparison of the content of patient expectations with a commonly used generic measure of HRQL, the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), found some overlap but indicated that patients seemed to adopt a broader approach to their health. Expectations that patients identified were used to construct two scales to measure expectations and their evaluation. The internal consistency of these scales was 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusion The study indicates the potential complexity of the concept of expectations and the need for further exploration. It also demonstrates the feasibility of constructing standardized scales to measure patient expectations. Whilst conceptually different from HRQL such standardized expectations scales could provide a useful adjunct to HRQL measurement and provide a meaningful context for the interpretation of HRQL data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second of two papers (Paper I, Geogrl J. 157(1)) the motive forces driving current development of the Central London economy are set against possible constraints on its ability to grow in the future. It is concluded that, while growth in finance and business service activity which has been the prime dynamic force within the local economy over the recent past is likely to continue, the rate of this growth depends crucially on London maintaining its position as an international financial centre in the face of competition from other European cities. Labour shortages arising from the demographic structure of its population are identified as a source of difficulty but one that can be moderated by the smooth timing of growth and an effective rail system. It is clear, however, that investment in new rail facilities will be hampered if their financing is related too closely to current revenues which are exposed to short-run variations in property values rather than to the pursuit of a longer term strategy for the development of Central London. It is argued that such a long-term strategy might include the encouragement of less essential employment to move away from Central London in order to allow greater investment in road, rail and air connections outside the central area to improve London's international accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses on the Layfield report on Greater London Development Plan, plan that requires local authorities to state their objectives, present alternative strategies for their future development and evaluate the alternative strategies for their future development. Begun when the Greater London Council (GLC) was formed, its origins ante-dated the 1968 Town and Country Planning Act. GLDP is an attempt to define planning objectives and to evaluate a plan for London, England it was backed by many research papers and studies and it was subjected to detailed examination by inquiry. Named the Layfield Inquiry after its chairman, the GLDP was the largest planning inquiry held in the country. The Inquiry accused the GLC of over-ambition for trying to argue as if it could alter population and employment trends when it had neither the statutory powers, nor the real power to do so; variable quality in the treatment of issues--so that, for example, it took much more seriously highway planning where it had responsibility than public transport where it had not (until it took over London Transport in 1970); no logical connection between facts and policies, or between objectives and policies; and describing objectives so vaguely that they were not operational.

Information about the papers discussed at the joint meeting of the British Ecological Society and the Association of Applied Biologists in London, England on March 11, 1960 is presented. Topics include the destruction of natural ecosystems, the monoculture of heather and its effects on hill grazings, and the effects of grass crop production on soil fertility. The event featured several ecology and biology experts including T. E. Williams, C. H. Gimingham and P. W. Richards.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting sponsored by the British Ecological Society on fostering the study of ecology that was held at the Botanical Theatre in London, England on December 15, 1917 is presented. Topics include the method of demonstrating accretion on sandy and muddy foreshores by a layer of colored sand. The meeting featured several British ecologists including Mr. Wilmott, Mr. Fagg, and physician Salisbury.

This article highlights the first conference of the British Sociological Association held in London, England on March 27-29, 1953. The conference was attended by 233 persons of whom 125 were members of the Association. The theme was Social Policy and the Social Sciences. The conference opened with a plenary session which was addressed by Myrdal on the Relation Between Social Theory and Social Policy. For the second day the conference divided into three groups, each of which devoted its attention to a topic chosen to illustrate the general theme. The three topics chosen for group discussion were: health; design and planning of buildings, towns and countryside; needs and standards in the social services.

Information about several papers discussed at the Royal Meteorological Society held in London, England on May 15, 1946. In the absence of the president and vice-president, Dr. H. Godwin assumed as chairman of the organization. During the event, they discussed variations in climate including the greater incidence of frost in a narrow valley situated on the slopes of the Malverns.

The Ian Donald Gold Medal is awarded once a year to an individual who has made a significant scientific contribution to the advancement of diagnostic ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology and who has changed the way in which ultrasound is practiced, through research or innovation. Some 30 years ago, Eduard was resident in obstetrics and gynecology at Hospital Clinic in Barcelona. [Extracted from the article]

Highlights the papers presented at the Medicines Regulation and Clinical Pharmacology in the 21st Century symposium, held in London, England. Formation and work of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence; Important aspects of practical drug development; Example of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs.

The article discusses the highlights of a meeting of the Tropical Group held in the rooms of the Linnean Society in London, England, on November 4, 1964. The meeting discussed the pattern in dry tropical vegetation. Papers presented are "Pattern in Acacia-Capparis Semi-Desert Scrub in the Sudan," by P. Greig-Smith, "Termites and their Influence on Vegetation in the Drier Areas of Africa," by W. V. Harris, and "Vegetation Arcs in Somalia," by C. A. H. Hodge.

Information about several papers discussed at the meeting of the Council of the Royal Society held at the Royal Society in Burlington House in London, England on October 15, 1946. The event was arranged by Dr. H. Godwin in relation to the working conference on Quaternary History and Pollen-analysis organized through the British Council. Attendees discussed the need for facts in the form of discoveries of thermophilous plants in late-glacial or glacial deposits.

Information on several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society on April 6, 1940 in London, England is presented. Topics include the factors that differentiate marsh, fen and bog. Papers on water relations of raised-bog and blanket-bog, connemara bogs and habitat selection in Corixid bugs were read. The symposium featured notable persons including H. Godwin, T. T. Macan and D. Lack.