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2. Institutions vs. ‘first‐nature’ geography: What drives economic growth in Europe's regions?
- Author
-
Ketterer, Tobias D. and Rodríguez‐Pose, Andrés
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,GLOBALIZATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,REGIONAL disparities - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Are small or large producers driving the Canada-U.S. labour productivity gap? Recent evidence from manufacturing.
- Author
-
Tang, Jianmin
- Subjects
LABOR productivity ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,MANUFACTURING industries - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The relationship between start-ups, market mobility and employment growth: An empirical analysis for Dutch regions.
- Author
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Koster, Sierdjan and Stel, André
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC competition ,NEW business enterprises ,CORPORATE profits ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Urban spatial structure, agglomeration economies, and economic growth in Barcelona: An intra-metropolitan perspective*.
- Author
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Garcia ‐ López, Miquel ‐ Àngel and Muñiz, Ivan
- Subjects
ECONOMIES of agglomeration ,METROPOLITAN areas ,URBAN policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,LOCALIZATION theory ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Airport Size and Urban Growth.
- Author
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Sheard, Nicholas
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,AIRPORTS ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
This paper studies how airports affect economic growth in US metropolitan areas. The main finding is that airport size has a positive effect on local employment, with an elasticity of 0.04. The effect appears to be mostly due to a positive effect on services employment and to be concentrated in parts of the metropolitan area nearer the airport. To further understand how an airport affects the local economy, the effects on several other variables are estimated. Airport size is found to have positive effects on the number of firms, the population size, the rate of employment, and GDP in the local area. The magnitudes of the effects on population and employment suggest that airport expansion creates jobs for both existing residents and migrants to the area. The estimation uses a novel technique to identify the effects of airport infrastructure. It applies instruments for changes in airport size that are calculated from overall changes in air traffic in a set of categories: the airlines, the types of aircraft, or the distances flown. The technique could be adapted to study the effects of other types of infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Do light rail transit investments increase employment opportunities? The case of Charlotte, North Carolina.
- Author
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Canales, Kristine Laura, Nilsson, Isabelle, and Delmelle, Elizabeth
- Subjects
JOB vacancies ,PUBLIC transit ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Sociocultural transitions and developmental impacts in the digital economy of impact sourcing.
- Author
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Sandeep, M. S. and Ravishankar, M. N.
- Subjects
CONTRACTING out ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,SOCIAL marginality ,WORK-life balance ,CAREER changes ,CAREER development ,SOCIAL adjustment - Abstract
Abstract: Impact sourcing (ImS) is the practice of bringing digitally enabled outsourcing jobs to underprivileged communities. While such jobs are attractive and improve life chances, situated ImS employees face the difficult task of transitioning from their traditional communities to the relatively modern ImS workplace. These transition experiences expose them to a variety of work‐life challenges and, at the same time, serve as occasions for development. This paper draws on an inductive qualitative study of an up and coming Indian ImS company and explores how ImS employees experience sociocultural transitions and realize developmental impacts. The findings suggest that
compartmentalization andintegration strategies help ImS employees manageboundaries arising from the contrasting cultural expectations of the community and the workplace. Impact sourcing employees respond to sociocultural transition challenges in the workplace through a series of cognitive adjustments, which involves the creation offictive kinships ,job crafting , and experimenting withprovisional selves . Furthermore, the analysis shows how intense engagement with sociocultural transitions can lead to the development of crucialindividual andcollective capabilities. In closing, a model of capability development of ImS employees is outlined, and the implications for ImS companies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Does the sophistication of use of unemployment insurance evolve with experience?
- Author
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Gray, David and McDonald, Ted
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT insurance ,USER interfaces ,EMPIRICAL research ,ECONOMETRIC models ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Economics as a Moral Science.
- Author
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ATKINSON, A. B.
- Subjects
ECONOMICS & ethics ,BEHAVIORAL economics ,ECONOMIC policy ,UTILITARIANISM ,WELFARE economics ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,ECONOMIC development ,MACROECONOMICS - Abstract
Economists frequently make judgments about economic welfare, but there is today little discussion of the foundations of welfare economics. It is assumed either that there is unanimity of interests, or that there is general acceptance of utilitarianism. This means that economics cannot address many key policy issues and that important differences in ethical views cannot be recognized. This paper argues that it is a legitimate exercise of economic analysis to examine the consequences of different ethical positions, taking case studies of employment as a macroeconomic objective, and the role of capabilities in the measurement of economic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Heterogeneity, Job Creation and Unemployment Volatility.
- Author
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Guerrieri, Veronica
- Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,JOB creation ,HETEROGENEITY ,LABOR market ,MARKET volatility ,EMPLOYMENT ,INFORMATION asymmetry ,BUSINESS cycles - Abstract
In this paper, I explore the impact of match-specific heterogeneity at the job creation margin on business cycle fluctuations. I show that this form of heterogeneity alone does not help to amplify labor market volatility, either under full or under asymmetric information. First, I show analytically that, under full information, heterogeneity has no first-order effect on the response of unemployment and job creation to productivity, and actually tends to dampen the response of market tightness. Then, in a series of calibrations, I show that with both full and asymmetric information, the model delivers labor market volatilities close to the representative-agent, full-information benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Towards Full Employment.
- Author
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Dawkins, Peter and Freebairn, John
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,REAL wages ,ABILITY ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article presents information on Australian government policy for full employment. Creating more jobs is the key to reducing Australia's too high level of unemployment and moving towards full employment. The authors will not dwell on the definition of full employment. Perhaps a target rate of unemployment, like the 5 per cent of Working Nation, might be helpful in the medium term. It may be possible, however, in the long term, to reduce unemployment to lower levels. There will need to be a focus on raising aggregate employment supplemented by special initiatives for those with lower skills who are disproportionately represented among the unemployed. The path and underlying causes of unemployment in Australia since 1945 are reviewed to provide a background for proposed solutions. The analysis indicates that faster economic growth and constrained average labour cost growth clearly have to be major parts of a successful strategy to increase employment. However, special initiatives will be required to raise the employment prospects of those with low skills who are heavily represented among the unemployed. The paper considers key elasticities and the order of potential employment gains from restraining real wages, especially of the low skilled. It also considers options for changing the tax and social security system to more directly and explicitly meet social equity goals than can be achieved through the wage system, in order to allow the wage system to be more efficient in creating employment.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Effect of the Resources Boom on the Population and Labour Market of Western Australia.
- Author
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Garnett, Anne M.
- Subjects
LABOR market ,ECONOMIC impact ,GROSS state product ,PRICES ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC activity ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
During the 2000s, Australia experienced a rapid and substantial resources boom. The impacts from this boom were particularly felt in Western Australia, which has the largest share of mining revenue as a proportion of both gross state product and exports. Some states have reported that although mining export earnings have risen due to strong commodity prices, there was less impact on the populations, labour markets and regional development than may have been expected. This paper will investigate the impact of the mining boom on the population and labour markets of Western Australia. Of particular policy relevance are skilled labour shortages and the effects that any changes in population and employment have on the remote communities where the majority of the mining activities are located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. WHO QUITS NEXT? FIRM GROWTH IN GROWING ECONOMIES.
- Author
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Caunedo, Julieta and Yurdagul, Emircan
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL growth ,RATE of return ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,INDUSTRIAL productivity - Abstract
We document novel facts about the relationship between aggregate growth and firm dynamics using a large set of countries. We argue that firm employment patterns are not necessarily informative about cross‐country differences in aggregate growth because they are induced by changes in the productivity of a firm relative to others. In contrast, aggregate growth is linked to average firm‐level productivity growth and firm age. We formalize this intuition through a tractable model of endogenous aggregate growth and firm dynamics where firms realize positive returns to investment with some probability. We find that cross‐country disparities in this probability can account for two‐thirds of the variation in aggregate growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Does the Political Institution Matter for Financial Development?
- Author
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Voghouei, Hatra, Azali, M., and Law, Siong Hook
- Subjects
FINANCIAL institutions ,ECONOMIC development ,POLITICAL economic analysis ,EMPIRICAL research ,PANEL analysis ,POWER (Social sciences) ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The study examines the effect of economic institutions on financial development, where economic institutions themselves are endogenous and determined by political power. Following the theory of 'economic institution' proposed by , two groups of political power ( de jure political power or political institution and de facto political power or distribution of resource) are employed in the analysis. By using the panel data of sixty counties during 1980-2006, the empirical results show that political power is a statistically significant determinant of economic institutions and hence affects the development of financial systems. The result demonstrates that de jure political power has great significant effect on financial development than de facto political power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Robbins on Economic Generalizations and Reality in the Light of Modern Econometrics.
- Author
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BACKHOUSE, ROGER E. and DURLAUF, STEVEN N.
- Subjects
ECONOMETRICS ,ECONOMIC development ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations & economics ,LABOR productivity ,EMPLOYMENT ,BUSINESS cycles ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper examines Lionel Robbins' critical attitude towards formal empirical work from the standpoint of modern econometrics. It argues that his attitude towards empirical work rested on indefensible assumptions and that he failed to realise that the role he saw for empirical work undermined his belief in the primacy of economic theory. This matters because Robbins' attitudes are echoed in modern economics, best exemplified by the calibration methodology of Kydland and Prescott, which is vulnerable to similar criticisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Determinants of Long-Run Unemployment.
- Author
-
Haoming Liu and Jinli Zeng
- Subjects
DETERMINANTS (Mathematics) ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,MATHEMATICAL models of economic development ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR market ,LABOR supply ,ECONOMIC development ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EMPLOYMENT policy - Abstract
This paper investigates the determinants of long-run unemployment and growth by extending the endogenous growth model of Howitt and Aghion (1998) to allow for a more general treatment of the labor market in the spirit of Pissarides (1990). We find that (i) both long-run growth and unemployment depend not only on factors that affect long-run growth as identified in endogenous growth models with full employment, but also on certain labor market parameters; (ii) long-run unemployment may rise or fall with growth depending on the model's parameters; and (iii) though government policies that promote growth indirectly through improvement in labor market efficiency always reduce the long-run unemployment rate, policies that directly encourage investment in research and development may increase the unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Welfare-Improving Employment Protection.
- Author
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BELOT, MICHÈLE, BOONE, JAN, and VAN OURS, JAN
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market ,EFFICIENCY wage theory ,JOB creation ,MINIMUM wage - Abstract
This paper derives new results on the welfare effects of employment protection. Using data from 17 OECD countries, we show that there exists an inverse U-shape relationship between employment protection and economic growth. Using a simple theoretical model with non-contractible specific investments, we show that over some range increasing employment protection does indeed raise welfare. We also show that the optimal level of employment protection depends on other labour market features, such as the bargaining power of workers and the existence of wage rigidities like the minimum wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Heterogeneity and Time.
- Author
-
Faber, Malte and Winkler, Ralph
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC indicators ,AUSTRIAN school of economics ,BUSINESS cycles ,POLITICAL philosophy - Abstract
Although heterogeneity and time are central aspects of economic activity, it was predominantly the Austrian School of economics that emphasized these two aspects. In this paper we argue that the explicit consideration of heterogeneity and time is of increasing importance due to the increasing environmental and resource problems faced by humankind today. It is shown that neo-Austrian capital theory, which revived Austrian ideas employing a formal approach in the 1970s, is not only well suited to address issues of structural change and of accompanying unemployment induced by technical progress but also can be employed for an encompassing ecological-economic analysis demanded by ecological economics. However, complexity, uncertainty, and real ignorance limit the applicability of formal economic analysis. Therefore, we conclude that economic analysis has to be supplemented by considerations of political philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. My Business Pays Me: Labourers and Entrepreneurs Among the Self–Employed Poor in Latin America.
- Author
-
Eversole, R.
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SMALL business - Abstract
Are the independent economic activities of poor people “petty commodity production”—an informal way to earn a subsistence wage? Or are they “microentrepreneurship”, a launching point for capital accumulation and growth? This paper draws on fieldwork in Bolivia, Peru and Guatemala, focusing specifically on the poorest businesses. In–depth interviews indicate that even the smallest–scale producers, merchants and service providers have goals of “improving” their business and “growing” their capital, not unlike their capitalist counterparts. Yet, while growth is desirable, maintaining one’s business as a steady source of income is a sufficient achievement for many. Poor self–employed people are both “labourers” and “entrepreneurs”; the key macro–level question becomes, not “Do petty–commodity producers have different goals than capitalist entrepreneurs”, but “What resources are lacking, and what obstacles exist, that keep many microentrepreneurs in low–yield activities, with little opportunity to grow their resources?”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Structure of Sprawl: Identifying and Characterizing Employment Centers in Polycentric Metropolitan Areas.
- Author
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Anderson, Nathan B. and Bogart, William T.
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,METROPOLITAN areas ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC activity ,STANDARD metropolitan statistical areas ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
ABSTRACT. This paper applies a consistent framework to four comparably sized metropolitan areas to identify and characterize their employment centers. Employment centers are identified as places that exceed a threshold employment density and a threshold employment level. They are also characterized as specializing on the basis of location quotient analysis. We find clear evidence of specialization in every employment center in the four metropolitan areas studied. Our interpretation is that what we are observing is a systematic change in metropolitan structure rather than a random sprawling of firms. We also find some evidence that the size distribution of employment centers follows the rank-size rule. This suggests that there is structure not only in the distribution of economic activity among the employment centers but also in their size distribution. Because less than 50 percent of metropolitan employment is within employment centers, future research should focus on understanding the more diffuse employment patterns. The rank-size rule gives some guidance as to the expected size distribution of employment throughout the metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Creativity and local economic development: The role of synergy among different talents.
- Author
-
Cerisola, Silvia
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,CREATIVE ability ,TALENT management ,EMPLOYMENT ,EXECUTIVE ability (Management) ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Impact of Demographic Factors on Economic Development in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Mueller, Eva
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR mobility ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Diversifying Cores but Stagnant Peripheries: Mining and Other Industry Employment Contributions to Development in Local Government Areas of the Northern Territory.
- Author
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Blackwell, Boyd D., McFarlane, Jim A., Fischer, Andrew M., and Dollery, Brian E.
- Subjects
MINERAL industries ,MINES & mineral resources ,ECONOMIC indicators ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC activity - Abstract
The economic structure of local government areas ( LGAs) of the Northern Territory ( NT) are mapped and analysed using economic base theory. Using a three-stage geospatial visualisation we find that: (i) Mining and agriculture are predominantly providing job concentration in a handful of remote LGAs. (ii) Employment growth is derived from public services, with private sector industries contributing almost equally in most LGAs. (iii) NT LGAs exhibit core-periphery characteristics including vulnerable peripheries, often alongside mature mining operations. (iv) However, mature mining is also found alongside diversified sub-cores, providing a model for more vulnerable LGAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. SMARTer indicators for decent work in a post-2015 development agenda: A proposal.
- Author
-
OSTERMEIER, Martin, LINDE, Sarah, LAY, Jann, and PREDIGER, Sebastian
- Subjects
ECONOMIC indicators ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,POVERTY rate ,INCOME - Abstract
The MDG employment indicators suffer from major shortcomings, including measurement problems, inappropriate use of aggregate statistics, ambiguous interpretability, and assumptions that do not apply to developing countries. Based on this critique, the authors propose a new set of four indicators for productive employment and decent work, namely: the growth of labour value added per worker, the working poverty rate, the share of workers receiving less than an absolute minimum labour income, and the share of workers receiving less than 60 per cent of the median labour income. They demonstrate the empirical application of these indicators using the country cases of Uganda and Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. 'Dog Days' Full Employment without Depreciation: Can It Be Done?
- Author
-
Dixon, J. M.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,REAL wages ,DEVALUATION of currency ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) - Abstract
The article focuses on the economic growth and employment in Australia. Topics discussed include a forecast in economy showing slow development of multi-factor productivity (MFP), maintaining full employment by investment contraction, and requirements for orderly adjustment (OA) like improving international competitiveness. Also it mentions fall in real wages, adjustments in internal prices to achieve OA and ways to deal with currency devaluation to improve productivity.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Informal employment: Two contested policy issues.
- Author
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KUCERA, David and RONCOLATO, Leanne
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR policy ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC expansion ,LABOR laws ,EMPLOYEES ,DEVELOPMENT economics - Abstract
This article addresses two contested issues of crucial importance to policy, namely: formal labour regulations as a cause of informal employment, and so-called "voluntary" informal employment. The authors provide theoretical overviews on both issues and an extensive survey of empirical studies on the effects of formal labour regulations on informal employment. The article closes with observations on the relevance of the ILO's four decent work objectives for informal employment and economic development, with particular emphasis on the significance of- and potential for - organizing workers in the informal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Economic Policies for Growth and Employment.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Provides an overview of policies for economic growth and employment in the European Union as of October 2005. Background on the Lisbon Agenda; Relative position of Western Europe with regard to economic growth and job; Details of an analytical framework linking growth and jobs.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Circumventing macroeconomic conservatism: A policy framework for growth, employment and poverty reduction.
- Author
-
Islam, lyanatul
- Subjects
CONSERVATISM ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,POVERTY ,LABOR ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article argues that the empirical foundation of macroeconomic conservatism is fragile and that the intellectual momentum exists to develop a viable alternative to current orthodoxy. This would entail a renewed commitment to employment creation as a core goal of macroeconomic policy and creating fiscal space to sustain investments in infrastructure and human development. It would also entail an emphasis on comprehensive social protection to deal with economic insecurity engendered by macroeconomic volatility.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Disruption in the apparel industry? Automation, employment and reshoring.
- Author
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BÁRCIA DE MATTOS, Fernanda, EISENBRAUN, Jeff, KUCERA, David, and ROSSI, Arianna
- Subjects
CLOTHING industry ,AUTOMATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYMENT interviewing ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market - Abstract
Amid concern about the impact of automation on employment, there is consensus that jobs comprising repetitive codifiable tasks are at greatest risk. The apparel industry has been strategic in economic development as an entry point into global markets and as a creator of jobs. Although routine work characterizes the bulk of employment in apparel manufacturing, the penetration of automation technologies remains limited. Drawing on interviews with key personnel at leading apparel brands, this article offers new insights into the current and projected use of technology, identifying practical bottlenecks and discussing potential implications for the global distribution of production and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Differences in Growth Rates and Kaldor's laws.
- Author
-
Parikh, A.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,LABOR supply ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,EMPLOYMENT ,MANUFACTURING industries ,EXPORTS - Abstract
Kaldor (1966) asserted that the slow rate of economic growth of the United Kingdom was due mainly to the shortage of labor resulting from "economic maturity". Kaldor (1975), in a subsequent comment on Rowthorn's (1975a) article, abandoned this reasoning and presented the strict Verdoorn law as
(1) p=+ q with >0
and his own presentation of Verdoorn's law as
(2) e=+ q with 0< <1 and e=q-p
where p is the rate of growth of productivity, q is the rate of growth of output, e is the rate of growth of employment, and, , and are parameters.
The main purpose of this paper is to argue that both sets of results are subject to simultaneous equations bias and that mis-specification of estimated equations leads to incorrect estimates and wrong conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. MIDDLE EASTERN ECONOMIES' EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: WHAT LIES AHEAD?
- Author
-
El-Erian, Mohamed A.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,REGIONAL economics ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR supply ,ECONOMIC reform ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EXTERNALITIES ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The article discusses the main challenges faced by the Middle Eastern countries as a result of developments in the international and regional economies. It inferred that the manner where Middle Eastern economies react to the challenges will be a critical cause of their process of economic growth and development including their ability to raise living standards and provide employment to a growing number of entrants in the labor force. However, a more generalized process of economic reform in the Middle East are promising as region-wide benefits can implement the gains of individual countries.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. COMBINING MICROSIMULATION AND REGRESSION: A 'PREPARED' REGRESSION OF POVERTY INCIDENCE ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND GROWTH.
- Author
-
Bergmann, Barbara R.
- Subjects
STATISTICAL matching ,STATISTICAL sampling ,REGRESSION analysis ,POVERTY ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,MATHEMATICAL statistics ,STATISTICS - Abstract
In most empirical work, the investigator's understanding of the economic process under study is only minimally reflected in the econometric methodology. This paper suggests that in many cases, the construction of a small-scale simulation can "prepare" the data for regression in a manner which takes cognizance of the theory of the process. Regression is then used to scale the output of the simulation up to observed magnitudes of the variable to be predicted. The simulation has the function of exploring for the nature of the non-linearities and interactions and thus replaces the usual search for a form which maximizes R². The simulation may also be helpful where colinear data are a problem. An example is presented in which the effects of wages, unemployment rates, and labor turnover on poverty are studied through a "prepared" regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The paradox of rising wage growth and falling inflation.
- Subjects
PRICE inflation ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
▀ Strong labour markets and rising wages in advanced economies stand in sharp contrast to recent declines in economists' inflation forecasts and market expectations. In our view, though, these developments are not necessarily contradictory. Even if wage growth edges higher, we think demand factors will limit any pick‐up in prices. Instead, we expect firms' margins will be squeezed.▀ Although the labour share has risen more sharply than we had expected over the past couple of years, we are sceptical that this will translate into substantially stronger underlying inflation. Not only has the rise been small, it has been employment rather than wages that has surprised to the upside. The strength of employment is probably more about firms' production preferences than workers' capitalising on a stronger negotiating position.▀ True, wages adjusted for productivity now look high by historical standards. But neither theory or empirical evidence suggests that this must inevitably lead to stronger CPI inflation in the short‐term. Our forecast for flat wage growth in 2019 and the absence of strong cost pressures elsewhere are also a comfort.▀ Inflation tends to be more responsive to demand indicators – and the recent GDP growth soft patch suggests any further pick‐up in underlying inflation pressures will be limited (see Chart below).▀ More generally, we think that the consensus view on inflation for the key advanced economies is high. Market‐based inflation expectations are typically lower than our own, which may reflect the perception that inflation risks are skewed to the downside. Positive economic surprises could lead downside risks to narrow, but ageing expansions and secular stagnation worries suggest this is unlikely, limiting any future pick‐up in bond yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. HEALTH INSURANCE BENEFIT MANDATES AND FIRM SIZE DISTRIBUTION.
- Author
-
Bailey, James and Webber, Douglas
- Subjects
HEALTH insurance ,BUSINESS size ,HEALTH insurance premiums ,WAGES ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
By 2010, the average U.S. state had passed 37 health insurance benefit mandates (laws requiring health insurance plans to cover certain additional services). Previous work has shown that these mandates likely increase health insurance premiums, which in turn could make it more costly for firms to compensate employees. Using 1996-2010 data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and a novel instrumental variables strategy, we show that there is limited evidence that mandates reduce employment. However, we find that mandates lead to a distortion in firm size, benefiting larger firms that are able to self-insure and thus exempt themselves from these state-level health insurance regulations. This distortion in firm size away from small businesses may lead to substantial decreases in productivity and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Economic growth and restructuring in Canada's heartland and hinterland: From shift-share to multifactor partitioning.
- Author
-
Ray, D. Michael, Lamarche, R. H., and Beaudin, Maurice
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,METHODOLOGY ,GLOBALIZATION ,CANADIAN economy, 1991- - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Determinants of Traditional Sustainability Reporting Versus Integrated Reporting. An Institutionalist Approach.
- Author
-
Jensen, Julia Catharina and Berg, Nicola
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development reporting ,EMPLOYMENT ,SOCIAL development ,ECONOMIC development ,INSTITUTIONAL theory (Sociology) ,INSTITUTIONAL ownership (Stocks) ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze similarities and differences between companies with traditional sustainability reporting (TSR) and those that publish integrated reports. Based on institutional theory we identify potential determinants of integrated reporting (IR) and test their relevance empirically in a sample of 309 companies. Our analysis shows that IR companies are different from TSR companies with regard to several country-level determinants. In particular, investor and employment protection laws, the intensity of market coordination and ownership concentration, the level of economic, environmental and social development, the degree of national corporate responsibility and the value system of the country of origin proved to be relevant. Based on these results, both implications for practice and future studies are derived. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Structural Change in Advanced Nations: A New Set of Stylised Facts.
- Author
-
Jorgenson, Dale W. and Timmer, Marcel P.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC structure ,EMPLOYMENT ,GROSS domestic product ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
We provide new evidence on patterns of structural change in advanced economies, reconsidering the stylised facts put forward by , , and . Since 1980, the services sector has overwhelmingly predominated in the economic activity of the European Union, Japan, and the US, but there is substantial heterogeneity among services. Personal, finance, and business services have low productivity growth and increasing shares in employment and GDP. By contrast, shares of distribution services are constant, and productivity growth is rapid. We find that the labour share in value-added is declining, while the use of ICT capital and skilled labour is increasing in all sectors and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Career Paths of Doctoral Graduates in Austria.
- Author
-
Schwabe, Markus
- Subjects
DOCTORAL students ,DOCTORAL degree ,HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR market ,JOB security ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Economists and policy makers often emphasise the importance of human capital as a key determinant in the pursuit of economic growth. The highest formal qualification in the educational system is the doctorate, which is attained after the first stage of tertiary education at ISCED 6 level. Doctorate holders play a central role in research and innovation in any industrialised economy, with highly specialised knowledge and research capabilities acquired during their studies. However, their employment depends on the availability of suitable positions on the labour market. Despite huge demand for relevant employment data for this particular group, the available data in most countries is scant. The data collection on Careers of Doctorate Holders (CDH) initiated by EUROSTAT, the OECD and the UNESCO somewhat clarifies the professional situation of doctorate holders. This article presents some key findings of the Austrian CDH data collection carried out in 2006-07. The results are, amongst other things, that in Austria the general employment situation of doctorate holders is relatively good. However, they are faced with a shortage of adequate positions, especially in research. Often doctorate holders have to compromise between the intellectual challenge of working in research and the higher job security outside of research. The employment situation and the sectors of employment depend primarily on the field of science and technology of the doctoral degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. I
- Author
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Amuzegar, Jahangir
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Iran, 1997- ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,ECONOMIC development ,PORTFOLIO diversification ,HUMAN capital ,EMPLOYMENT ,IRANIAN history, 1997- ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
The article examines Iran's Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan (2004/5-2009/10). It analyzes the performance of the Fourth Plan against the backdrop of its major socioeconomic objectives. It notes that the focus of the analysis is the economic arena of the country with goals which include rapid and sustained economic growth, economic diversification along with increases in human capital and job creation. Moreover, other topics concerning the fourth plan are also discussed.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Parish apprenticeship and the old poor law in London.
- Author
-
LEVENE, ALYSA
- Subjects
POOR laws ,APPRENTICESHIP programs ,APPRENTICES ,EMPLOYMENT ,PARISHES ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR laws ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This article offers an examination of the patterns and motivations behind parish apprenticeship in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century London. It stresses continuity in outlook from parish officials binding children, which involved placements in both the traditional and industrializing sectors of the economy. Evidence on the ages, employment types, and locations of 3,285 pauper apprentices bound from different parts of London between 1767 and 1833 indicates a variety of local patterns. The analysis reveals a pattern of youthful age at binding, a range of employment experiences, and parish-specific links to particular trades and manufactures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. World Economic Prospects.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC forecasting ,ECONOMIC history ,MARKET volatility ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT ,CHAIN stores - Abstract
The article presents an outlook for the world economy in 2008. Because of the continued impact of the credit crunch, the flow of economic news over February 2008 has mostly pointed towards weaker growth. The U.S. growth forecast for the first half of 2008 has been downgraded because of a series of weak indicators on employment, chain store sales and service activity. In the Eurozone, the growth forecast for 2008 has been revised from 1.7% to 2%, reflecting a deteriorating outlook in the main Mediterranean economies.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Economic Outlook for London.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC forecasting ,GROSS domestic product ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The article presents economic outlook for London, England as of May 2007. Real gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to increase by a further 3.6 percent this year on top of an estimated 4.4 percent in 2006. Increasing global demand for financial services and London's position as the most global of world cities reinforce a forecast of continuing strong economic growth for the city. Tables are presented that show detailed forecasts for employment sector by sector.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. RESIDUAL WAGE DISPARITY AND COORDINATION UNEMPLOYMENT.
- Author
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Julien, Benoit, Kennes, John, and King, Ian
- Subjects
WAGES ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SAVINGS ,ECONOMIC development ,INCOME ,LABOR productivity ,UNITED States economy ,EMPLOYMENT policy ,DOWNSIZING of organizations ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
How much of residual wage dispersion can be explained by an absence of coordination among firms? To answer, we construct a dynamic directed search model with identical workers where firms can create high- or low-productivity jobs and are uncoordinated in their offers to workers, calibrated to the U.S. economy. Workers can exploit ex post opportunities once approached by firms, and can conduct on-the-job search. The stationary equilibrium wage distribution is hump-shaped, skewed significantly to the right, and, with baseline parameters, generates residual dispersion statistics 75–90% of those found empirically. However, the model underestimates the average duration of unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Social Capital and Economic Performance in the American States.
- Author
-
Casey, Terrence and Christ, Kevin
- Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Objective. This study tests the claim that areas with higher levels of social capital have superior economic performance. Method. The 14-measure index of social capital created by Robert Putnam is reconstructed for an extended time period and integrated into cross-sectional regression models including physical capital, human capital, and other factors relevant to state economic performance. Results. The analysis shows that social capital has no discernable influence on aggregate measures of output and employment. However, it does have a positive and significant impact on measures of economic equality and employment stability. Conclusions. This study does not support the claim that social capital is a general prerequisite for prosperity, but it does suggest that it may serve to reinforce a particular mode of communitarian economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Potential Growth and Inflation: Estimates for Australia, the United States and Canada.
- Author
-
Dungey, Mardi and Pitchford, John
- Subjects
PRICE inflation ,ECONOMIC development ,MICROECONOMICS ,EMPLOYMENT ,MONETARY policy ,AUSTRALIAN economy ,UNITED States economy ,CANADIAN economy - Abstract
Estimates of potential output growth for Australia, the United States and Canada are presented and analysed in this article. We define potential growth as that growth rate consistent with a steady (domestic component of the) inflation rate (SIRG). At around 4 per cent per annum, Australia's SIRG has been relatively stable for the past 30 years, which seems inconsistent with the view that wide-ranging microeconomic reform in the 1990s raised growth potential. However, we show that the reduction in employment growth in Australia from the 1980s to the 1990s may account for the absence of a rise in potential growth. In Canada and the United States the SIRGs are closer to 3 per cent, and we explore the reasons why potential growth estimates are higher for Australia than for North America. We also discuss why Australia's growth averaged less than its potential in the 1980s and 1990s and the possible use of our estimates for monetary policy purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Employment Growth, Worker Mobility, and Rural Economic Development.
- Author
-
Renkow, Mitch
- Subjects
EMPLOYMENT ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ECONOMIC development ,RURAL development ,LABOR market - Abstract
A county-level labor market model is estimated for North Carolina. The model accounts for intercounty commuting, migration, and within-county adjustments to labor demand shocks. Econometric results indicate that most employment growth (70–80%) during the 1980s was accommodated by changes in commuting flows. Evidence is also presented indicating that labor force growth—and, by extension, population growth and associated fiscal impacts—in rural counties is sensitive to employment growth in nearby urban counties. These results highlight two opposing forces related to spatial spillovers that are usually neglected in analyses of the economic and fiscal impacts of employment growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Equity and Australian Development: Lessons from the First Century.
- Author
-
Garnaut, R.
- Subjects
AUSTRALIAN economy ,ECONOMIC reform ,INCOME ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Australians’ commitment to equitable distribution means that in the twenty–first century we will have all or none of economic reform, income security, full employment and strong economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Can Economic Growth Be Sustained? A Post-Malthusian Perspective.
- Author
-
Ruttan, Vernon W.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,SOCIAL change ,EMPLOYMENT ,SIMULATION methods & models ,UNITED States economy - Abstract
Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Changes in Population and Employment as Processes in Regional Development.
- Author
-
Patrick, Clifford H. and Ritchey, P. Neal
- Subjects
COMMUNITY development ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,POPULATION & economics ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,RURAL sociology - Abstract
The interrelationships between changes in the location of population and employment and the structure of economic activity in the development of regions has not been examined explicitly, This study constructs a paradigm based on national trends showing the relationship of population and employment in the development of a region. Data for the Old Manufacturing Belt and the South are examined to determine if the processes evident at the national level are apparent in two subnational regions which differ in their levels of economic development. The results are consistent. The paradigm appears to be useful as a model for indicating the broad patterns of change which can be expected to occur as a region develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
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