2,601 results
Search Results
2. Announcement of the 17th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award (PSB Award).
- Author
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Miyake, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
PLANT species , *AWARDS , *BIOLOGY , *MYCORRHIZAL fungi , *ORCHIDS ,REPRODUCTIVE isolation - Abstract
The Society for the Study of Species Biology has announced the recipient of the 17th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award. The winning paper, titled "Environmental and genetic effects on phenotypic differences between Elaeocarpus photiniifolia ecotypes in dry and mesic habitats on a Japanese oceanic island," explores how different environmental conditions have led to reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation in a specific plant species. Another paper, titled "The epiphytic orchid Vanda falcata is predominantly associated with a single Tulasnellaceae fungus in adulthood, and Ceratobasidiaceae fungi strongly induce its seed germination in vitro," investigates the symbiotic relationships between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi at different stages of growth. Both papers are featured in recent issues of Plant Species Biology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Announcement of the 16th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award (PSB Award).
- Subjects
- *
PLANT species , *BIOLOGY , *AWARDS , *LEAF-cutting ants , *FLORAL morphology - Abstract
Not only leaf cutting (imitation of damage by leaf-cutting ants, I Crematogaster i ) but also experimental fire induced more extrafloral nectaries and nectar production in new leaves, implying an adaptive response following rapid regrowth that produces tender leaves prone to be attacked by herbivores. B Marina Neves Delgado, Helena Castanheira de Morais, and Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, 37(4): 268-277 b Title: The role of leaf cutting and fire on extrafloral nectaries and nectar production in I Stryphnodendron adstringens i (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) plants https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.12373 The authors aimed to clarify the effect of leaf damage on extrafloral nectaries and nectar production (Figures 1 and 2). (b) and (c) Crematogaster ants visiting the extrafloral nectary (EFN) at the base of the petiole. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Announcement of the 15th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award (PSB Award).
- Subjects
- *
PLANT species , *BIOLOGY , *LIFE history theory , *POLLINATION , *ASSORTATIVE mating , *INDUSTRIAL location - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Announcement of the 14th Plant Species Biology Best Paper Award (PSB Award).
- Subjects
- *
PLANT species , *BIOLOGY , *ORCHIDS , *FLORAL morphology - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Toolkit article: Approaches to measuring social inequities in health in human biology research.
- Author
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Thayer Z, Uwizeye G, and McKerracher L
- Subjects
- Humans, Vulnerable Populations, Biology
- Abstract
Across populations, human morbidity and mortality risks generally follow clear gradients, with socially-disadvantaged individuals and groups tending to have higher morbidity and mortality at all life stages relative to those more socially advantaged. Anthropologists specialize in understanding the proximate and ultimate factors that shape variation in human biological functioning and health and are therefore well-situated to explore the relationships between social position and health in diverse ecological and cultural contexts. While human biologists have developed sophisticated methods for assessing health using minimally-invasive methods, at a disciplinary level, we have room for conceptual and methodological improvement in how we frame, measure, and analyze the social inequities that might shape health inequities. This toolkit paper elaborates on some steps human biologists should take to enhance the quality of our research on health inequities. Specifically, we address: (1) how to frame unequal health outcomes (i.e., inequalities vs. disparities vs. inequities) and the importance of identifying our conceptual models of how these inequities emerge; (2) how to measure various axes of social inequities across diverse cultural contexts, and (3) approaches to community collaboration and dissemination. We end by discussing (4) future directions in human biology research of health inequities, including understanding the ultimate causes of sensitivity to social inequities and transitioning from research to action., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Patterns of Citations of Open Access and Non-Open Access Conservation Biology Journal Papers and Book Chapters.
- Author
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CALVER, MICHAEL C. and BRADLEY, J. STUART
- Subjects
CONSERVATION biology ,CITATION of archival materials ,WILDLIFE conservation ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,BIOLOGY ,CITATION analysis ,PRESERVATION of archival materials ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Urine and Fecal Sample Collection on Filter Paper for Ovarian Hormone Evaluations.
- Author
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Shideler, S.E., Munro, C.J., Johl, H.K., Taylor, H.W., and Lasley, B.L.
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL specimens ,HORMONES ,URINE ,FECES ,URINALYSIS ,METABOLITES ,BIOLOGY ,FILTERS & filtration ,PRIMATES - Abstract
A practical method for collecting, storing, and transporting liquid biological samples in a dry state for subsequent hormone metabolite analyses is presented. This method employs the use of ordinary filter paper strips that imbibe liquid samples. Samples taken up by the filter paper were allowed to dry and were retained at ambient conditions in capped vials for up to 5 years prior to analysis. Examples presented in the present report include urine samples from human and nonhuman primates as well as solubilized fecal samples from nonhuman primates. Hormone metabolite analysis of the paper-stored samples provided data that were comparable to the results obtained from analyses of the original liquid samples. One year of storage had no effect on hormone concentration. Five years of storage resulted in concentrations that were quantitatively less bat qualitatively similar to the concentrations obtained by direct analysis of the initial samples. These data demonstrate the versatility and reliability of paper as a matrix for biological samples that may provide a more convenient approach for collecting and transporting samples collected in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Applied ecological research is on the rise but connectivity barriers persist between four major subfields.
- Author
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Staples, Timothy L., Dwyer, John M., Wainwright, Claire E., Mayfield, Margaret M., and Louzada, Júlio
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,CLIMATE change ,CONSERVATION biology ,BIOLOGY ,LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Climate change, land clearing and invasive species are affecting ecosystems in concert, so effective management requires knowledge sharing and collaboration across multiple fields of applied ecological research.We provide an examination of the growth and interconnectivity of four major subfields of applied ecology: climate change biology, conservation biology, invasion biology and restoration ecology; estimated using citations from the entire population of peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1990 and 2017.Over this period applied ecological research has grown from 2% of new ecology papers to over 20%. The subfields each represented c. 6% of new ecology publications in 2017, with the exception of restoration ecology at c. 3%. Inter‐subfield citation probabilities also increased consistently over our study period.Despite these positive trends, we identified apparent barriers to future integration of these research areas. While the probability that citations in one subfield would include at least one paper from another subfield was high, the magnitude of cross‐subfield citations was low. Subfields also exhibited segregated publishing habits, asynchronous research foci and a strong preference for citing application over theory.Synthesis and applications. Despite strong overall growth in applied ecological research, segregation of subfields in papers and journals may limit opportunities to identify co‐benefits and complementary theoretical frameworks. This has the potential to result in suboptimal ecological management outcomes. Despite strong overall growth in applied ecological research, segregation of subfields in papers and journals may limit opportunities to identify co‐benefits and complementary theoretical frameworks. This has the potential to result in suboptimal ecological management outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. ORIGINAL PAPER Restriction in the repertoire of the immunoglobulin light chain subgroup in pathological cold agglutinins with anti-Pr specificity.
- Author
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A. Leo, Kreft, H., Hack, H., Kempf, T., and Roelcke, D.
- Subjects
- *
AGGLUTININS , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *BIOLOGY , *AUTOANTIBODIES - Abstract
In cold agglutinin disease, monoclonal red blood cell autoantibodies, termed cold agglutinins, induce haemolysis in patients exposed to the cold. Commonly, these autoantibodies are directed against the developmentally regulated I/i blood groups. A second blood group system, the Pr system (located on glycophorins), is involved less frequently. Anti-Pr cold agglutinins recognize either alpha 2,3- or alpha 2,6-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid as the immunodominant group. Cold agglutinins of anti-I/i specificity show a remarkable restriction in their genomic repertoire of the immunoglobulin heavy and light-chain immunoglobulin-variable domain (i.e. exclusive use of VH4-34 in heavy chains). For anti-Pr cold agglutinins, preliminary data on the repertoire of the light-chain variable domain indicate a preference for the subgroup Vkappa IV. To elucidate restrictions in the light-chain variable-domain subgroup repertoire of anti-Pr cold agglutinins systematically, and to discuss these results in the context of their anti-Pr1–3 subclassification and immunodominant sialic acid, light chains in 13 anti-Pr cold agglutinins were investigated. The anti-Pr light chains were isolated using temperature-dependent absorption/elution techniques. Subsequently, they were subjected to N-terminal Edman degradation, and the light chain Vkappa subgroup was affiliated using the Kabat database. Five of 13 (38%) light chains belonged to Vkappa IV, five of 13 (38%) to Vkappa I and three of 13 (23%) to Vkappa III. Anti-Pr with Vkappa IV subgroup light chains exclusively recognized alpha 2,3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. Including data from the literature, the repertoire of the light-chain variable domain in pathological anti-Pr cold agglutinins exhibits a clear bias towards the use of the single germline gene-derived subgroup, Vkappa IV (eight of 17 or 47%). The association of Vkappa IV subgroup light chain-containing anti-Pr cold agglutinins with binding to alpha 2,3-, but not alpha 2,6-linked N-acetyneuraminic acid raises speculations about a possible role of subgroup-derived determinants in anti-Pr binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. RESEARCH PAPER Local-regional relationships and the geographical distribution of species.
- Author
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Arita, Hector T. and Rodriguez, Pilar
- Subjects
- *
BIODIVERSITY , *SPECIES , *MAMMALS , *ECOLOGY , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Local-regional (LR) species diversity plots were conceived to assess the contribution of regional and local processes in shaping the patterns of biological diversity, but have been used also to explore the scaling of diversity in terms of its alpha, beta, and gamma components. Here we explore the idea that patterns in the geographical ranges of species over a continent can determine the shape of small region to large region (SRLR) plots, which are equivalent to LR plots when comparing the diversity of sites at two regional scales. To test that idea, we analysed the diversity patterns at two regional scales for the mammals of North America, defined as the mainland from Alaska and Canada to Panama. We developed a theoretical model relating average range size of species over a large-scale region with its average regional point species diversity (RPD). Then, we generated a null model of expected SRLR plots based on theoretical predictions. Species diversities at two scales were modelled using linear and saturation functions for Type I and Type II SRLR relationships, respectively. We applied the models to the case of North American mammals by examining the regional diversity and the RPD for 21 large-scale quadrats (with area equal to 160,000 km2), arranged along a latitudinal gradient. Our model showed that continental and large-scale regional patterns of distribution of species can generate both types of SRLR relationship, and that these patterns can be reflected in LR plots without invoking any kind of local processes. We found that North American nonvolant mammals follow a Type I SRLR relationship, whereas bats follow a Type II pattern. This difference was linked to patterns in which species of the two mammalian groups distribute in geographical space. Traditional LR plots and the new SRLR plots are useful tools in exploring the scaling of species diversity and in showing the relationship between distribution and diversity. Their usefulness in comparing the relative role of local and regional processes is, however, very limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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12. RESEARCH PAPER Latitudinal gradient in species richness of the New World Triatominae (Reduviidae).
- Author
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Rodriguero, Marcela S. and Gorla, David E.
- Subjects
- *
CONENOSES , *INSECTS , *SPECIES , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
To quantify the latitudinal gradient in species richness in the New World Triatominae and to explore the species-energy and area hypotheses as possible causes. The gradient was studied for North and South America, between 43° N and 32° S. A database was constructed containing the geographical distribution of the 118 New World Triatominae species based on data extracted from several published sources. Species richness was recorded as the number of species present within 5° latitudinal bands. We used univariate and multivariate models to analyse the relationship between area within each latitudinal belt, land surface temperature, and potential evapotranspiration as explanatory variables, and species richness. All variables were georeferenced and data were extracted using a GIS. Species richness of Triatominae increases significantly from the poles towards the Equator, peaking over the 5°−10 ° S latitudinal band. It increases according to a linear model, both north and south of the Equator, although a quadratic model fits better to southern hemisphere data. Richness correlates with habitable geographical area, when it is analysed through a nonlinear multiple regression factoring out latitude, only in the southern hemisphere. Regarding the species-energy hypothesis, a multiple regression analysis controlling the effect of latitude shows a significant relationship between temperature and species richness. This effect is more pronounced in the southern hemisphere. Species richness shows a strong longitudinal trend south of the Equator (increasing to the east), but not north of the Equator. This differential pattern is reflected in significant interactions between longitude and both latitude and temperature in models of the species richness of the New World Triatominae. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a latitudinal gradient in species richness has been shown and analysed for obligate haematophagous organisms, and it shows that the species–energy hypothesis can account for this phenomenon. This relationship is stronger in the southern hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Decomposition ofBetula papyriferaleaf litter under the independent and interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3.
- Author
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Parsons, William F. J., Lindroth, Richard L., and Bockheim, James G.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER birch , *BIOTIC communities , *ECOLOGY , *BIOLOGY , *BIODEGRADATION , *CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Litter decay dynamics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were assessed at the Aspen free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. Leaf litter was decomposed for 12 months under factorial combinations of 360 vs. 560 μL CO2 L−1, crossed with 36 vs. 55 nL O3 L−1. To differentiate between substrate quality and environment effects, litterbags were placed in their Native Plots of origin or transplanted into the other treatments. CO2 enrichment, regardless of O3 concentration, produced poorer quality litter (high C/N, lignin/N and condensed tannins) than did ambient CO2 (low C/N, lignin/N and condensed tannins). Substrate quality differences were reflected in the mass loss rates (k-values), which were high for litter generated under ambient CO2 (0.887 year−1) and low for litter generated under elevated CO2 (0.674 year−1). The rate-retarding effects of CO2 enrichment were neither alleviated nor exacerbated by O3 exposure. Decay rates varied, however, depending on whether litter was placed back into its plot of origin or transplanted to Common Gardens. The results of this study are species specific, but they have important implications for understanding the processes regulating storage of fixed C and the release of CO2 from northern forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Developmental Psychobiology: A look back on 30 years.
- Author
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Bacher, Leigh F., Romm, Rachel, Spanier, Holly, Tellefsen, Lillian, Yip, Sandy, and Smotherman, William P.
- Subjects
DEVELOPMENTAL psychobiology ,DEVELOPMENTAL biology ,PSYCHOBIOLOGY ,BIOLOGY ,PERIODICALS - Abstract
Developmental Psychobiology publishes papers from the disciplines of psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine that contribute to an understanding of behavioral development. Research focuses on development in the embryo/fetus, neonate, juvenile, and adult as well as multidisciplinary research that relates behavioral development to anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, and evolution. The journal represents a broad phylogenetic perspective on behavioral development by including studies on invertebrates, fish, birds, non-human primates, and humans. This paper presents an analysis of empirical articles published since its first issue in 1968. This analysis covers number of authors, sex of first author, evidence of grant support, and participation of investigators from outside the US. Additionally, the analysis includes the topic of research, level of analysis, and subject of experimental study. Over its 32-year history, Developmental Psychobiology has published papers on a wide range of topics representing a broad phylogenetic perspective with a continued focus on behavioral investigation. This analysis revealed trends such as an increase in the number of studies at a physiology/anatomy level, an increase in studies with human subjects, and increases in contributions from investigators outside of the United States as well as women. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 37: 1–4, 2000 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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15. Quantitative analysis of indexed publications on seventeen model organisms in nine countries, from 1974 to 2006.
- Author
-
Winter, Carlos E.
- Subjects
SCIENCE publishing ,BIOLOGICAL research ,ORGANISMS ,QUANTITATIVE research ,INDEXING ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Developed countries have an even distribution of published papers on the seventeen model organisms. Developing countries have biased preferences for a few model organisms which are associated with endemic human diseases. A variant of the Hirsch-index, that we call the mean
mo h-index (“model organism h-index”), shows an exponential relationship with the amount of papers published in each country on the selected model organisms. Developing countries cluster together with low meanmo h-indexes, even those with high number of publications. The growth curves of publications on the recent model Caenorhabditis elegans in developed countries shows different formats. We also analyzed the growth curves of indexed publications originating from developing countries. Brazil and South Korea were selected for this comparison. The most prevalent model organisms in those countries show different growth curves when compared to a global analysis, reflecting the size and composition of their research communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Commentary: Visual Cultures, Publication Technologies, and Legitimation in the Life Sciences.
- Author
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Nyhart, Lynn K.
- Subjects
VISUAL culture ,LIFE sciences ,CONTENT analysis ,NATURAL history ,GEL electrophoresis - Abstract
This paper comments on five articles in the special issue "Circulating Images in the Life Sciences." It sees the papers as unified by two themes. The first is their attention to the processes of legitimation. The second is the embedding of the images in textual cultures, which changed over time from the mid‐nineteenth century to the very recent past, most notably with the recent advent of digital culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Tracking species recovery status to improve U.S. endangered species act decisions.
- Author
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Davis, Olivia N., Molano‐Flores, Brenda, Li, Ya‐Wei, Allen, Maximilian L., Davis, Mark A., Mengelkoch, Jean M., Parkos, Joseph J., Porreca, Anthony Paul, Fournier, Auriel M. V., Tiemann, Jeremy, Bried, Jason, Marcum, Paul B., Carroll‐Cunningham, Connie J., Janssen, Eric D., Ulaszek, Eric F., McIntyre, Susan, Price, Edward P. F., Nieset, Julie, Beveroth, Tara, and Di Giovanni, Alexander
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL extinction ,ENDANGERED species ,LISTING of securities ,SPECIES ,BIOLOGY - Abstract
Currently 1677 species are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), yet only a small percentage have been delisted due to recovery. In the fall of 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed delisting 23 species due to extinction. Tracking changes in species 'recovery status over time is critical to understanding species' statuses, informing adaptive management strategies, and assessing the performance of the ESA to prevent further species loss. In this paper, we describe four key obstacles in tracking species recovery status under the ESA. First, ESA 5‐year reviews lack a standardized format and clear documentation. Second, despite having been listed for decades, many species still suffer major data gaps in their biology and threats, rendering it difficult if not impossible to track progress towards recovery. Third, many species have continued declining after listing, yet given the above (1 & 2), understanding potential causes (proximate and/or ultimate) can be difficult. Fourth, many species currently have no path to clear recovery, which represents a potential failing of the process. We conclude with a discussion of potential policy responses that could be addressed to enhance the efficacy of the ESA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Journal of Animal Ecology: Instructions for Authors.
- Subjects
REPORT writing ,AUTHORSHIP ,PERIODICAL publishing ,ONLINE data processing ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,ANIMAL ecology ,ECOLOGY ,BIOLOGY ,PERIODICALS - Abstract
Journal of Animal Ecology now only accepts submissions online. When your manuscript has been prepared in accordance with the following instructions, please access the online submission site at You must select the Journal of Animal Ecology when you log on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Decomposition ofBetula papyriferaleaf litter under the independent and interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3.
- Author
-
Parsons, William F. J., Lindroth, Richard L., and Bockheim, James G.
- Subjects
PAPER birch ,BIOTIC communities ,ECOLOGY ,BIOLOGY ,BIODEGRADATION ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Litter decay dynamics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were assessed at the Aspen free-air CO
2 enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin, USA. Leaf litter was decomposed for 12 months under factorial combinations of 360 vs. 560 μL CO2 L−1 , crossed with 36 vs. 55 nL O3 L−1 . To differentiate between substrate quality and environment effects, litterbags were placed in their Native Plots of origin or transplanted into the other treatments. CO2 enrichment, regardless of O3 concentration, produced poorer quality litter (high C/N, lignin/N and condensed tannins) than did ambient CO2 (low C/N, lignin/N and condensed tannins). Substrate quality differences were reflected in the mass loss rates (k-values), which were high for litter generated under ambient CO2 (0.887 year−1 ) and low for litter generated under elevated CO2 (0.674 year−1 ). The rate-retarding effects of CO2 enrichment were neither alleviated nor exacerbated by O3 exposure. Decay rates varied, however, depending on whether litter was placed back into its plot of origin or transplanted to Common Gardens. The results of this study are species specific, but they have important implications for understanding the processes regulating storage of fixed C and the release of CO2 from northern forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Fine-scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species
- Author
-
Jianqiang Sun, Miltos Tsiantis, Hiroshi Kudoh, Roman Briskine, Kentaro Shimizu, Angela Hay, Masahiro M. Kanaoka, Masaomi Hatakeyama, Reiko Akiyama, Heidi E. L. Lischer, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi, Xiangchao Gan, Jun Sese, University of Zurich, Shimizu, Kentaro K, and Shimizu-Inatsugi, Rie
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Cardamine hirsuta ,Physiology ,Range (biology) ,temporal fluctuation ,Niche ,Plant Science ,water availability ,01 natural sciences ,UFSP13-7 Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems ,Polyploidy ,10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cardamine amara ,Polyploid ,1110 Plant Science ,Ecosystem ,allopolyploid ,Cardamine flexuosa ,Full Paper ,biology ,Research ,fungi ,1314 Physiology ,Full Papers ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Diploidy ,030104 developmental biology ,homeolog expression ,Evolutionary biology ,570 Life sciences ,590 Animals (Zoology) ,Cardamine ,Ploidy ,Corrigendum ,transcriptome ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Summary Polyploidization is pervasive in plants, but little is known about the niche divergence of wild allopolyploids (species that harbor polyploid genomes originating from different diploid species) relative to their diploid progenitor species and the gene expression patterns that may underlie such ecological divergence. We conducted a fine‐scale empirical study on habitat and gene expression of an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors.We quantified soil properties and light availability of habitats of an allotetraploid Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid progenitors Cardamine amara and Cardamine hirsuta in two seasons. We analyzed expression patterns of genes and homeologs (homeologous gene copies in allopolyploids) using RNA sequencing.We detected niche divergence between the allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors along water availability gradient at a fine scale: the diploids in opposite extremes and the allopolyploid in a broader range between diploids, with limited overlap with diploids at both ends. Most of the genes whose homeolog expression ratio changed among habitats in C. flexuosa varied spatially and temporally.These findings provide empirical evidence for niche divergence between an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species at a fine scale and suggest that divergent expression patterns of homeologs in an allopolyploid may underlie its persistence in diverse habitats.
- Published
- 2021
21. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
REPORT writing , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY , *LIFE sciences - Abstract
Presents upcoming research papers on biochemistry to be published in "European Journal of Biochemistry." Discussion of the molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the acyl carrier protein; Exploration of the primary structure of human thyroglobulin; Examination of the reversible activation of hydrogenase from Escherichia coli.
- Published
- 1987
22. Forthcoming Papers.
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *PERIODICALS , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Presents a list of forthcoming papers to be published in 1980 issues of the "European Journal of Biochemistry." Subjects; Authors.
- Published
- 1980
23. Demonstrate and evaluate lab activity about antimicrobial sensitivity.
- Author
-
Koumpena, Valentina E. and Stasinakis, Panagiotis K.
- Subjects
SCORING rubrics ,SECONDARY education ,PRIMARY education - Abstract
Lab activities in primary and secondary education are essential to promote students' scientific skills. In this article, we propose a lab activity where different antimicrobial agents are used to the microorganisms' susceptibility to them. Moreover, we produce a rubric, a scoring tool, to quantify students' replies and evaluate the whole activity. We concluded that using the scoring rubric, we have been able to evaluate students' replies and students' benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Transgenic LQT2, LQT5, and LQT2-5 rabbit models with decreased repolarisation reserve for prediction of drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias
- Author
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Gideon Koren, László Hiripi, P. Major, Michael Brunner, Christoph Bode, Zsuzsanna Bősze, Gerlind Franke, Stefanie Perez-Feliz, Tibor Hornyik, Katja E. Odening, István Baczkó, András Varró, Alessandro Castiglione, and Manfred Zehender
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Heart Ventricles ,Transgene ,media_common.quotation_subject ,hERG ,Action Potentials ,610 Medicine & health ,Animals, Genetically Modified ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,In patient ,Channel blocker ,cardiovascular diseases ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,biology ,business.industry ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Research Papers ,Blockade ,Long QT Syndrome ,030104 developmental biology ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,biology.protein ,Cardiology ,Rabbits ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ex vivo ,Research Paper - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reliable prediction of pro-arrhythmic side effects of novel drug candidates is still a major challenge. Although drug-induced pro-arrhythmia occurs primarily in patients with pre-existing repolarisation disturbances, healthy animals are employed for pro-arrhythmia testing. To improve current safety screening, transgenic long QT (LQTS) rabbit models with impaired repolarisation reserve were generated by overexpressing loss-of-function mutations of human HERG (HERG-G628S, loss of IKr ; LQT2), KCNE1 (KCNE1-G52R, decreased IKs ; LQT5), or both transgenes (LQT2-5) in the heart. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of K+ channel blockers on cardiac repolarisation and arrhythmia susceptibility were assessed in healthy wild-type (WT) and LQTS rabbits using in vivo ECG and ex vivo monophasic action potential and ECG recordings in Langendorff-perfused hearts. KEY RESULTS LQTS models reflect patients with clinically "silent" (LQT5) or "manifest" (LQT2 and LQT2-5) impairment in cardiac repolarisation reserve: they were more sensitive in detecting IKr -blocking (LQT5) or IK1 /IKs -blocking (LQT2 and LQT2-5) properties of drugs compared to healthy WT animals. Impaired QT-shortening capacity at fast heart rates was observed due to disturbed IKs function in LQT5 and LQT2-5. Importantly, LQTS models exhibited higher incidence, longer duration, and more malignant types of ex vivo arrhythmias than WT. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS LQTS models represent patients with reduced repolarisation reserve due to different pathomechanisms. As they demonstrate increased sensitivity to different specific ion channel blockers (IKr blockade in LQT5 and IK1 and IKs blockade in LQT2 and LQT2-5), their combined use could provide more reliable and more thorough prediction of (multichannel-based) pro-arrhythmic potential of novel drug candidates.
- Published
- 2020
25. Effects of Inferred Gender on Patterns of Co‐Authorship in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Publications.
- Author
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Frances, Dachin N., Fitzpatrick, Connor R., Koprivnikar, Janet, and McCauley, Shannon J.
- Subjects
ECOLOGY ,GENDER ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,BIOLOGY - Abstract
Senior positions in academia such as tenured faculty and editorial positions often exhibit large gender imbalances across a broad range of research disciplines. The forces driving these imbalances have been the subject of extensive speculation and a more modest body of research. Given the central role publications play in determining individual outcomes and progress in academic settings, unequal patterns of authorship across gender could be a potent driver of observed gender imbalance in academia. Here, we investigate patterns of co‐authorship across four journals in ecology and evolutionary biology at four time‐points spanning four decades. Co‐authorship patterns are of interest because collaborations are important in scientific research, affecting individual researcher productivity, and increasingly, funding opportunities. Based on inferred gender from set criteria, we found significant differences between male and female researchers in their tendency to publish with female co‐authors. Specifically, compared to women, male researchers in the last author position were more likely to co‐author papers with other males. While we did find that the proportion of female co‐authors has increased modestly over the last thirty years, this is strongly correlated with an increase in the average number of authors per paper over time. Additionally, the proportion of female co‐authors on papers remains well below the proportion of PhDs awarded to females in biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Forthcoming Papers and Review Topics.
- Subjects
- *
TECHNICAL reports , *PERIODICALS , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Presents information on forthcoming papers and review topics, in January 2003 issue of the journal 'Munksgaard International Publishers.' Review topics to be released, starting from February to December 2003; Papers on organelle acidification and disease; Protein structure and import into the peroxisomal matrix.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Overcompensation of herbivore reproduction through hyper-suppression of plant defenses in response to competition
- Author
-
Robert C. Schuurink, Bernardus C. J. Schimmel, Juan M. Alba, Merijn R. Kant, Lívia Maria Silva Ataíde, Carlos A. Villarroel, Rachid Chafi, Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI), and Plant Physiology (SILS, FNWI)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,overcompensation ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Cyclopentanes ,Biology ,Competition (biology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Animals ,defense suppression ,Tetranychus urticae ,Jasmonate ,Herbivory ,Oxylipins ,plant‐mediated interactions ,media_common ,Phaseolus ,Herbivore ,Full Paper ,Effector ,Host (biology) ,Research ,spider mites ,Tetranychus evansi ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Full Papers ,biology.organism_classification ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Solanum ,Salicylic Acid ,Tetranychidae ,competition ,tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) - Abstract
Spider mites are destructive arthropod pests on many crops. The generalist herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae induces defenses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and this constrains its fitness. By contrast, the Solanaceae‐specialist Tetranychus evansi maintains a high reproductive performance by suppressing tomato defenses. Tetranychus evansi outcompetes T. urticae when infesting the same plant, but it is unknown whether this is facilitated by the defenses of the plant.We assessed the extent to which a secondary infestation by a competitor affects local plant defense responses (phytohormones and defense genes), mite gene expression and mite performance.We observed that T. evansi switches to hyper‐suppression of defenses after its tomato host is also invaded by its natural competitor T. urticae. Jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) defenses were suppressed more strongly, albeit only locally at the feeding site of T. evansi, upon introduction of T. urticae to the infested leaflet. The hyper‐suppression of defenses coincided with increased expression of T. evansi genes coding for salivary defense‐suppressing effector proteins and was paralleled by an increased reproductive performance.Together, these observations suggest that T. evansi overcompensates its reproduction through hyper‐suppression of plant defenses in response to nearby competitors. We hypothesize that the competitor‐induced overcompensation promotes competitive population growth of T. evansi on tomato.
- Published
- 2017
28. The spatial dynamics of invasive species spread<FNR></FNR><FN>This paper won the System Dynamics Society Dana Meadows Student Prize for 2005. </FN>.
- Author
-
BenDor, Todd K. and Metcalf, Sara S.
- Subjects
ASH (Tree) ,BIOLOGY ,FUELWOOD ,PARASITES - Abstract
The problem of invasive species spread requires timely analysis of the biological dynamics that lead to spatial dispersion. Here, a spatial dynamic model captures the invasive behavior of the recently introduced emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) and its impacts on host ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. Parasite–host system dynamics are extended spatially using the Spatial Modeling Environment. The resulting model can serve as a repository for changing knowledge about EAB biology and behavior. Studies of the rapid EAB infestation in Michigan are used to inform simulations of its spread in DuPage County, Illinois, USA. We use a geographic information system to create heterogeneous host landscapes and to test alternative policy scenarios. We test the effectiveness of three suppression scenarios: the Michigan eradication strategy, firewood quarantines, and ash tree thinning. Simulations demonstrate that EAB spatial spread accelerates with degraded host capacity, with results pointing to firewood quarantines as the most effective solution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Genetic architecture of plant stress resistance: multi-trait genome-wide association mapping
- Author
-
Thoen, Manus P M, Davila Olivas, Nelson H., Kloth, Karen J., Coolen, Silvia, Huang, Ping Ping, Aarts, Mark G M, Bac-Molenaar, Johanna A., Bakker, Jaap, Bouwmeester, Harro J., Broekgaarden, Colette, Bucher, Johan, Busscher-Lange, Jacqueline, Cheng, Xi, Fradin, Emilie F., Jongsma, Maarten A., Julkowska, Magdalena M., Keurentjes, Joost J B, Ligterink, Wilco, Pieterse, Corné M J, Ruyter-Spira, Carolien, Smant, Geert, Testerink, Christa, Usadel, Björn, van Loon, Joop J A, van Pelt, Johan A., van Schaik, Casper C., van Wees, Saskia C M, Visser, Richard G F, Voorrips, Roeland, Vosman, Ben, Vreugdenhil, Dick, Warmerdam, Sonja, Wiegers, Gerrie L., van Heerwaarden, Joost, Kruijer, Willem, van Eeuwijk, Fred A., Dicke, Marcel, Sub Plant-Microbe Interactions, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Sub Plant-Microbe Interactions, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Plant Hormone Biology (SILS, FNWI), Plant Cell Biology (SILS, FNWI), and Plant Physiology (SILS, FNWI)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,genome‐wide association mapping ,Physiology ,Arabidopsis ,Inheritance Patterns ,Genome-wide association study ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris ,Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie ,Laboratory of Entomology ,PBR Groei & Ontwikkeling ,Abiotic component ,Genetics ,PBR Kwantitatieve aspecten ,Full Paper ,Entomology & Disease Management ,Chromosome Mapping ,food and beverages ,Full Papers ,PBR Breeding for growth and development ,PE&RC ,Phenotype ,ddc:580 ,Biometris ,Plant Production Systems ,BIOS Applied Metabolic Systems ,Laboratory of Plant Physiology ,DNA, Bacterial ,PBR Non host and insect resistance ,abiotic stress ,genome-wide association mapping ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Genes, Plant ,PBR Quantitative aspects of Plant Breeding ,03 medical and health sciences ,biotic stress ,Stress, Physiological ,Groep Koornneef ,BIOS Plant Development Systems ,Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris ,Laboratorium voor Nematologie ,Genetic Association Studies ,Models, Genetic ,Abiotic stress ,Research ,Reproducibility of Results ,Robustness (evolution) ,Biotic stress ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,genetic architecture ,Genetic architecture ,Plant Breeding ,030104 developmental biology ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,Mutation ,multiple stresses ,EPS ,Laboratory of Nematology ,PBR Non host en Insectenresistentie ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The new phytologist 213(3), 1346-1362 (2017). doi:10.1111/nph.14220, Published by Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford [u.a.]
- Published
- 2017
30. In Memory of Anthony Stevens: A Career Retrospective with Emphasis on His Formative Role in the Archetype Debate.
- Author
-
Swogger, Benjamin J.
- Subjects
- *
ARCHETYPES , *ARCHETYPE (Psychology) , *PSYCHIATRISTS , *INFANTS , *PSYCHIATRY , *DEDICATIONS - Abstract
This paper celebrates the life and legacy of psychiatrist and Jungian author Anthony Stevens, who passed away at age 90 on July 13, 2023. It outlines Stevens's origins as a research fellow in Greece, where his work on infant attachment led to a lifelong dedication to establishing the biological and evolutionary foundation of psychiatry. It details his instrumental role in the debate about the theory of archetypes and describes the current state of the literature including the responses and reactions to Stevens's biological innatist position. The paper concludes with a career retrospective in which Stevens's major works are introduced and briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. TRM4 is essential for cellulose deposition in Arabidopsis seed mucilage by maintaining cortical microtubule organization and interacting with CESA3
- Author
-
Holger Klose, Sabine Dieluweit, Lanbao Fu, Bo Yang, Cătălin Voiniciuc, and Björn Usadel
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Cortical microtubule organization ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Microtubules ,01 natural sciences ,Cell wall ,Plant Mucilage ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Wall ,Microtubule ,Cellulose ,Alleles ,mucilage ,cellulose synthase (CESA) ,Full Paper ,biology ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,microtubule organization ,Research ,Full Papers ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Tubulin ,ddc:580 ,chemistry ,Mucilage ,Glucosyltransferases ,Seeds ,biology.protein ,Pectins ,TONNEAU1 recruiting motif (TRM) ,cellulose deposition ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,Secondary cell wall ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The new phytologist 221(2), 881-895 (2019). doi:10.1111/nph.15442, Published by Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford [u.a.]
- Published
- 2019
32. Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view
- Author
-
Alga Zuccaro, Ingo Dreyer, Stephan Schott-Verdugo, Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Sabahuddin Ahmad, María E Rubio-Meléndez, Lutz Schmitt, Olivia Spitz, Kerstin Kanonenberg, Maria Handrich, Petra Bauer, Antonella Succurro, Holger Gohlke, Janin Riedelsberger, Sven B. Gould, Karolin Montag, Carlos Navarro-Retamal, and Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Nitrogen ,Physiology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Models, Biological ,01 natural sciences ,modelling ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,nutrient transport ,Symbiosis ,Mycorrhizae ,plant biophysics ,Diffusion (business) ,Mycorrhiza ,Full Paper ,biology ,Chemistry ,Research ,Phosphorus ,Cell Membrane ,fungi ,Biological Transport ,computational cell biology ,Full Papers ,Phosphate ,biology.organism_classification ,plant–fungus interaction ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane ,ddc:580 ,Chemical physics ,Symporter ,Thermodynamics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
To obtain insights into the dynamics of nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, we modelled mathematically the two‐membrane system at the plant–fungus interface and simulated its dynamics. In computational cell biology experiments, the full range of nutrient transport pathways was tested for their ability to exchange phosphorus (P)/carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) sources. As a result, we obtained a thermodynamically justified, independent and comprehensive model of the dynamics of the nutrient exchange at the plant–fungus contact zone. The predicted optimal transporter network coincides with the transporter set independently confirmed in wet‐laboratory experiments previously, indicating that all essential transporter types have been discovered. The thermodynamic analyses suggest that phosphate is released from the fungus via proton‐coupled phosphate transporters rather than anion channels. Optimal transport pathways, such as cation channels or proton‐coupled symporters, shuttle nutrients together with a positive charge across the membranes. Only in exceptional cases does electroneutral transport via diffusion facilitators appear to be plausible. The thermodynamic models presented here can be generalized and adapted to other forms of mycorrhiza and open the door for future studies combining wet‐laboratory experiments with computational simulations to obtain a deeper understanding of the investigated phenomena.
- Published
- 2019
33. Autophagic receptor p62 protects against glycation-derived toxicity and enhances viability
- Author
-
Malene Hansen, Carol Renneburg, Masaaki Komatsu, Jonathan Volkin, Sarah G Francisco, Paula Daza, Gemma Aragonès, Michael Workman, Allen Taylor, Opeoluwa Olukorede, Jose A. Rodriguez-Navarro, Helena Dominguez-Martín, Michael A. Brownlee, Caroline Kumsta, Wenxin Yang, Shun Kageyama, Xue Liang Du, Diego Ruano, Kalavathi Dasuri, Sheldon Rowan, Eloy Bejarano, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Celular, UCH. Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Producción Científica UCH 2020, National Institutes of Health (US), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation, BrightFocus Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (US), and Department of Agriculture (US)
- Subjects
Glycation End Products, Advanced ,0301 basic medicine ,Proteínas - Aspectos bioquímicos ,Aging ,Cell Survival ,Proteolysis ,Biology ,Pharmacology ,Kidney ,Proteotoxicity ,Cell Line ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cells - Aging ,Proteins - Biochemical aspects ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Glycation ,Lens, Crystalline ,medicine ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,Células - Envejecimiento ,P-glycoprotein ,Mice, Knockout ,Original Paper ,Retinal pigment epithelium ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,p62 ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Epithelial Cells ,Original Articles ,Cell Biology ,Glicoproteína P ,Glycative stress ,Rats ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Toxicity ,Molecular biology ,Biología molecular ,Lysosomes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with the typical American high glycemia diet and result in accumulation of high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), particularly upon aging. AGEs form when sugars or their metabolites react with proteins. Associated with a myriad of age‐related diseases, AGEs accumulate in many tissues and are cytotoxic. To date, efforts to limit glycation pharmacologically have failed in human trials. Thus, it is crucial to identify systems that remove AGEs, but such research is scanty. Here, we determined if and how AGEs might be cleared by autophagy. Our in vivo mouse and C. elegans models, in which we altered proteolysis or glycative burden, as well as experiments in five types of cells, revealed more than six criteria indicating that p62‐dependent autophagy is a conserved pathway that plays a critical role in the removal of AGEs. Activation of autophagic removal of AGEs requires p62, and blocking this pathway results in accumulation of AGEs and compromised viability. Deficiency of p62 accelerates accumulation of AGEs in soluble and insoluble fractions. p62 itself is subject to glycative inactivation and accumulates as high mass species. Accumulation of p62 in retinal pigment epithelium is reversed by switching to a lower glycemia diet. Since diminution of glycative damage is associated with reduced risk for age‐related diseases, including age‐related macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's, discovery of methods to limit AGEs or enhance p62‐dependent autophagy offers novel potential therapeutic targets to treat AGEs‐related pathologies., AGEs are toxic compounds formed by non‐enzymatic reactions between sugars and proteins. AGEs are prone to aggregate. Insoluble AGEs are efficiently removed via p62‐selective autophagy. The autophagic removal of AGEs is a conserved pathway, and the lack of p62 leads to accumulation of toxic AGEs in mouse and worms. Enhanced autophagy is protective against glycation‐derived damage. p62‐dependent autophagy offers novel potential therapeutic targets to treat AGEs‐related pathologies.
- Published
- 2020
34. Agriculture, biology, and environment: Twenty first century challenges and opportunities.
- Author
-
Khondker, Moniruzzaman, Mikihisa Umehara, Hisayoshi Hayashi, and Abd-El-Mageed Omar, Mohamed Nabil
- Subjects
TWENTY-first century ,PLANTATIONS ,LIFE sciences ,COVID-19 pandemic ,BIOLOGY - Abstract
The 6th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2020), was planned to be held in the People's Republic of China. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ABS 2020, "Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Plant, Soil, Animal, and Environment", was the first online conference in Agricultural and Biological Sciences history. Each paper addressed a slightly different topic and provided identifiable challenges and research key questions in agriculture, agronomy, food production and security, and environmental hazards. The role of Agricultural and Biological Sciences of China is the generation of research knowledge that influence everyday activities. There were 41 manuscripts submitted, of which 25 were accepted for publication. The research domains varied and included the role of specific plant on soil C-cycling, haploid induction, and natural doubling of Zea mays L.; plant species and soil rhizosphere microflora; forest tree biomass succession and dynamics relevant to C-sequestration; making sandy land agriculture friendly; plantation age on C, N, and P stoichiometry; codon uses pattern of Gnetum luofuoense C.Y. Cheng using transcriptome data; suitability of plant landscape unit and natural parks; regeneration protocol of Jatropha curcas L., etc. The purpose of this special section is to generate an improved communication among international scientists that we hope will lead to enhanced food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Whole-genome duplications followed by tandem duplications drive diversification of the protein modifier SUMO in Angiosperms
- Author
-
Harrold A. van den Burg, M. Eric Schranz, Valentin Hammoudi, Georgios Vlachakis, and Molecular Plant Pathology (SILS, FNWI)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Evolution ,Neofunctionalization ,genetic processes ,Plant Science ,SUMO2 ,Ubiquitin-like modifier ,Genome ,environment and public health ,Evolution, Molecular ,Magnoliopsida ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene Duplication ,Arabidopsis ,Gene duplication ,Copy-number variation ,Ubiquitins ,Genetics ,Full Paper ,biology ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Research ,Immunity ,Full Papers ,biology.organism_classification ,ubiquitin‐like modifier ,Biosystematiek ,Protein modification ,Paralogue ,030104 developmental biology ,Palaeoploidy ,SUMO ,Brassicaceae ,Subfunctionalization ,Biosystematics ,Tandem exon duplication ,EPS ,Genome, Plant - Abstract
The ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier) regulates protein function. Structural rather than sequence homology typifies UBL families. However, individual UBL types, such as SUMO, show remarkable sequence conservation. Selection pressure also operates at the SUMO gene copy number, as increased SUMO levels activate immunity and alter flowering time in Arabidopsis. We show how, despite this selection pressure, the SUMO family has diversified into eight paralogues in Arabidopsis. Relationships between the paralogues were investigated using genome collinearity and gene tree analysis. We show that palaeopolyploidy followed by tandem duplications allowed expansion and then diversification of the SUMO genes. For example, Arabidopsis SUMO5 evolved from the pan-eudicot palaeohexaploidy event (gamma), which yielded three SUMO copies. Two gamma copies were preserved as archetype SUMOs, suggesting subfunctionalization, whereas the third copy served as a hotspot for SUMO diversification. The Brassicaceae-specific alpha duplication then caused the duplication of one archetype gamma copy, which, by subfunctionalization, allowed the retention of both SUMO1 and SUMO2. The other archetype gamma copy was simultaneously pseudogenized (SUMO4/6). A tandem duplication of SUMO2 subsequently yielded SUMO3 in the Brassicaceae crown group. SUMO3 potentially neofunctionalized in Arabidopsis, but it is lost in many Brassicaceae. Our advanced methodology allows the study of the birth and fixation of other paralogues in plants.
- Published
- 2016
36. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGY , *MEDICAL sciences , *PERIODICALS , *LIBRARY materials - Abstract
Lists forthcoming papers to be featured in the "European Journal of Biochemistry."
- Published
- 1993
37. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
PERIODICALS , *RESEARCH , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Presents a list of papers scheduled to be published in the "European Journal of Biochemistry," as of August 15, 1992. Topics; Authors.
- Published
- 1992
38. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY , *LIFE sciences , *PERIODICALS - Abstract
Lists the forthcoming papers to be published in the "European Journal of Biochemistry."
- Published
- 1992
39. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *PERIODICALS , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Lists research papers scheduled for publication in the "European Journal of Biochemistry," in 1989. Topics; Authors; Data presented.
- Published
- 1989
40. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGY , *MEDICAL sciences , *PERIODICALS , *PUBLISHING - Abstract
Lists the forthcoming papers to be published in the "European Journal of Biochemistry."
- Published
- 1989
41. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY , *RESEARCH , *AUTHORSHIP , *PERIODICALS - Abstract
Presents a list of forthcoming papers scheduled to be pubilshed in the "European Journal of Biochemistry," in 1988. Subjects; Authorship.
- Published
- 1988
42. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY , *RESEARCH , *PERIODICALS - Abstract
Presents a list of forthcoming papers scheduled for publication in the "European Journal of Biochemistry," in 1988. Topics; Authors; Studies and data to be presented.
- Published
- 1988
43. Forthcoming papers.
- Subjects
- *
BIOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMISTRY , *MEDICAL sciences , *BIOLOGY , *PERIODICALS , *BIBLIOGRAPHY - Abstract
Lists the forthcoming papers to be published in the "European Journal of Biochemistry."
- Published
- 1987
44. Evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory strategies of inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry
- Author
-
A. Bradley Duthie, Ryan R. Germain, Jane M. Reid, and Greta Bocedi
- Subjects
Male ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,relatedness ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Sexual Behavior, Animal ,03 medical and health sciences ,Copulation ,Inbreeding depression ,Animals ,Inbreeding avoidance ,Inbreeding ,Mating ,mate choice ,Evolutionary dynamics ,inbreeding avoidance ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Feed back ,reproductive strategy ,Functional redundancy ,Research Papers ,Biological Evolution ,030104 developmental biology ,Mate choice ,Evolutionary biology ,Female ,Research Paper ,Adaptive evolution ,inbreeding depression - Abstract
Inbreeding depression is widely hypothesised to drive adaptive evolution of pre-copulatory and post-copulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance, which in turn are hypothesised to affect evolution of polyandry (i.e., female multiple mating). However, surprisingly little theory or modelling critically examines selection for pre-copulatory or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, or both strategies, given evolutionary constraints and direct costs, or examines how evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies might feed back to affect evolution of polyandry. Selection for post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but not for pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, requires polyandry, while interactions between pre-copulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance might cause functional redundancy (i.e., ‘degeneracy’) potentially generating complex evolutionary dynamics among inbreeding strategies and polyandry. We used individual-based modelling to quantify evolution of interacting pre-copulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry given strong inbreeding depression and different evolutionary constraints and direct costs. We found that evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance increased selection for initially rare polyandry, and that evolution of a costly inbreeding avoidance strategy became negligible over time given a lower cost alternative strategy. Further, fixed pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance often completely precluded evolution of polyandry and hence post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but fixed post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance did not preclude evolution of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance. Evolution of inbreeding avoidance phenotypes and associated polyandry are therefore affected by evolutionary feedbacks and degeneracy. All else being equal, evolution of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance and resulting low polyandry is more likely when post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance is precluded or costly, and evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance greatly facilitates evolution of costly polyandry.
- Published
- 2018
45. Papers in this week's Veterinary Record.
- Subjects
- *
CARNIVORA , *SHEEP , *VETERINARY medicine , *ZOOLOGY , *BIOLOGY , *NATURE study - Abstract
Presents abstracts of articles published in the July 31, 2004 of "The Veterinary Record." "Serological Responses in Free-Ranging Terrestrial and Aquatic Carnivores in Canada"; "PrP Genotype and Production Characteristics in German Sheep"; "Characterisation of PCV-2 From the First Outbreak of PMWS in South Africa."
- Published
- 2004
46. Plant Species Biology – Editorial.
- Author
-
Ohara, Masashi
- Subjects
PLANT species ,BIOLOGY ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,BOTANY ,BOTANISTS ,BIOLOGICAL networks ,POLLINATION - Abstract
From this portal page, our readers can choose the journals they want to read, and manuscript authors can select the most suitable journals for their submissions by comparing the journal scopes, objectives, and recent papers. Furthermore, the editors of the three journals can recommend authors to transfer their manuscripts to another of the three journals if the submitted manuscript better matches their scopes and targets. Early View articles are complete full-text articles published online in advance of their publication in a printed issue. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Abstracts of papers presented at the fifteenth annual bshi conference, dublin castle.
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNOGENETICS , *IMMUNOLOGY , *GENETICS , *BIOLOGY , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *MEETINGS - Abstract
Presents abstracts of articles about immunogenetics presented at the 15th Conference of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics in Dublin, Ireland on October 13-15, 2004. Range of topics; Classifications and categories; Names of auithors; Contact information.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in ecology and evolutionary biology: a PRISMA extension.
- Author
-
O'Dea, Rose E., Lagisz, Malgorzata, Jennions, Michael D., Koricheva, Julia, Noble, Daniel W.A., Parker, Timothy H., Gurevitch, Jessica, Page, Matthew J., Stewart, Gavin, Moher, David, and Nakagawa, Shinichi
- Subjects
BIOTIC communities ,BIOLOGY ,ACQUISITION of manuscripts ,BIOLOGISTS ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting - Abstract
Since the early 1990s, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have aggregated primary research using meta‐analytic methods to understand ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Meta‐analyses can resolve long‐standing disputes, dispel spurious claims, and generate new research questions. At their worst, however, meta‐analysis publications are wolves in sheep's clothing: subjective with biased conclusions, hidden under coats of objective authority. Conclusions can be rendered unreliable by inappropriate statistical methods, problems with the methods used to select primary research, or problems within the primary research itself. Because of these risks, meta‐analyses are increasingly conducted as part of systematic reviews, which use structured, transparent, and reproducible methods to collate and summarise evidence. For readers to determine whether the conclusions from a systematic review or meta‐analysis should be trusted – and to be able to build upon the review – authors need to report what they did, why they did it, and what they found. Complete, transparent, and reproducible reporting is measured by 'reporting quality'. To assess perceptions and standards of reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in ecology and evolutionary biology, we surveyed 208 researchers with relevant experience (as authors, reviewers, or editors), and conducted detailed evaluations of 102 systematic review and meta‐analysis papers published between 2010 and 2019. Reporting quality was far below optimal and approximately normally distributed. Measured reporting quality was lower than what the community perceived, particularly for the systematic review methods required to measure trustworthiness. The minority of assessed papers that referenced a guideline (~16%) showed substantially higher reporting quality than average, and surveyed researchers showed interest in using a reporting guideline to improve reporting quality. The leading guideline for improving reporting quality of systematic reviews is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Here we unveil an extension of PRISMA to serve the meta‐analysis community in ecology and evolutionary biology: PRISMA‐EcoEvo (version 1.0). PRISMA‐EcoEvo is a checklist of 27 main items that, when applicable, should be reported in systematic review and meta‐analysis publications summarising primary research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In this explanation and elaboration document, we provide guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors, with explanations for each item on the checklist, including supplementary examples from published papers. Authors can consult this PRISMA‐EcoEvo guideline both in the planning and writing stages of a systematic review and meta‐analysis, to increase reporting quality of submitted manuscripts. Reviewers and editors can use the checklist to assess reporting quality in the manuscripts they review. Overall, PRISMA‐EcoEvo is a resource for the ecology and evolutionary biology community to facilitate transparent and comprehensively reported systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Circular Economy Approach to Fish Oil Extraction
- Author
-
Giuseppe Avellone, Rosaria Ciriminna, Antonino Scurria, Mario Pagliaro, Ciriminna R., Scurria A., Avellone G., and Pagliaro M.
- Subjects
Omega-3 ,Limonene ,biology ,Circular economy ,Settore CHIM/10 - Chimica Degli Alimenti ,Extraction (chemistry) ,General Chemistry ,Fish oil ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Fishery discards ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Anchovy ,Environmental science - Abstract
Fish oil rich in polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids is extracted in high yield from anchovy filleting waste using d-limonene as green biosolvent in a simple solid-liquid extraction performed by mechanically stirring and maceration followed by limonene removal via evaporation under reduced pressure. As limonene is renewably obtained from waste orange peel, this method closes the materials cycle and establishes a circular economy process to obtain high quality fish oil from biowaste available worldwide in several million t/year amount. Significant economic, social and environmental benefits are anticipated.
- Published
- 2019
50. Plant Species Biology – Editorial.
- Author
-
Batol, EdenP.
- Subjects
PLANT species ,BIOLOGY ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,BOTANY ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Dear colleagues, I Plant Species Biology i is published jointly with two international journals, namely, I Ecological Research i and I Population Ecology i . Our readers can choose the journals they want to read from this portal page, and manuscript authors can select the most suitable journals for their submissions by comparing the journal scopes, objectives, and recent papers. The three journal editors can also recommend authors to transfer their manuscripts to another of the three journals if the submitted manuscript better matches their scopes and targets. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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